CN111732470A - Method for recycling garden waste - Google Patents
Method for recycling garden waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN111732470A CN111732470A CN201910229025.1A CN201910229025A CN111732470A CN 111732470 A CN111732470 A CN 111732470A CN 201910229025 A CN201910229025 A CN 201910229025A CN 111732470 A CN111732470 A CN 111732470A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a recycling method of garden waste, which comprises the following steps: s1, collecting; s2, primary crushing; s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, and uniformly spraying the water on garden waste, wherein the modifying agent comprises the following components: traditional Chinese medicine dregs, diatomite, graphite powder, nano titanium dioxide, humic acid, 30-35 parts of phosphogypsum and polyacrylamide; s4, primary fermentation treatment; s5, secondary fermentation treatment; s6, odor adjustment: the regulator is mixed with water for dilution and then sprayed on garden waste powder, and the regulator comprises the following components: bamboo fiber, montmorillonite, activated carbon, sodium lignosulfonate, fructus forsythiae, sodium bentonite, an organic fertilizer, salicylic acid and purified water. The method for recycling the garden waste has the advantages of low cost and high environmental protection, and can prepare the recycled garden waste which has no peculiar smell, strong sterilization and fertility preservation performance, higher seedling germination rate and higher growth speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of landscaping, in particular to a recycling method of garden waste.
Background
At present, the important roles of landscape in improving urban environment quality, relieving urban heat island effect, maintaining urban ecological balance and the like are more and more valued by people, landscape plants are trimmed every year in order to improve urban landscape and beautify environment, a large amount of leaves and branches become wastes which are buried or burned after being transported away, and the wastes, the wastes and the land are filled, and the burning causes great fire pressure.
In recent years, related research and utilization technologies of domestic garden wastes are greatly developed, and the garden wastes can be smashed and fermented into a matrix or a bio-organic fertilizer, smashed on site and covered for recycling, made into edible fungus sticks, produced into biomass energy and the like.
In the prior art, a Chinese patent application with the application number of CN201711406575.3 discloses a garden crushed wood compost composition and a preparation method thereof, wherein the garden crushed wood compost composition is prepared by composting and fermenting the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of garden plant waste, 10-25 parts of straw decomposition product, 10-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10-25 parts of kitchen waste, 2-5 parts of composite zymophyte, 0.5-1.5 parts of pH regulator and 1-2 parts of conductivity regulator.
The existing garden compost composition can maintain compost products to keep efficient nutrient resources and improve soil fertility, but due to the fact that peculiar smells such as livestock and poultry manure and kitchen wastes are added to be large, the peculiar smell is large when the garden compost composition is used, the sterilization and fertilizer retention performance is poor, when seedlings are fertilized by the garden compost composition, the roots of the seedlings are easy to damage, and the growth speed is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the first purpose of the invention is to provide a method for recycling garden waste, which has the advantages of low cost and high environmental protection, can prepare recycled garden waste without peculiar smell and with strong sterilization and fertilizer retention performances, and can improve the germination rate of seedlings and accelerate the growth rate of the seedlings when used as a fertilizer.
In order to achieve the first object, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a recycling method of garden waste comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting: collecting garden wastes such as garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, sorting the garden wastes, and cutting the waste branches;
s2, primary crushing: crushing the collected fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds into powder of 60-80 meshes;
s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, uniformly spraying the diluted composite zymophyte and the modifying agent on garden waste until the water content of the garden waste is 20-40%, and uniformly mixing the garden waste;
the mass ratio of the composite zymophyte, the modifying agent and the water is (0.1-0.2): 0.4-0.9): 1;
the modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-7 parts of graphite powder, 3-5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 30-35 parts of phosphogypsum and 1.5-3.5 parts of polyacrylamide;
s4, primary fermentation treatment: sequentially adding straw decomposition products and animal wastes into garden wastes, uniformly mixing, and fermenting the garden wastes for 40-45 days at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material;
s5, secondary fermentation treatment: fermenting the primary fermented material at 30-40 deg.C for 7-10 days to obtain secondary fermented material;
s6, odor adjustment: mixing and diluting the regulator with water, spraying the mixture on the secondary fermentation material, and turning over the mixture to ensure that the spraying is uniform, wherein the water content of the sprayed secondary fermentation material is less than or equal to 50 percent;
the mass ratio of the regulator to the water is (0.2-0.5) to 1;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber, 1-3 parts of montmorillonite, 10-15 parts of activated carbon, 1.3-2 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2-5 parts of fructus forsythiae, 10-13 parts of sodium bentonite, 5-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of salicylic acid and 20-25 parts of purified water.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the composite zymophyte, the modifying agent and water are mixed and diluted and then are uniformly sprayed on the garden waste, the garden waste can be activated by the composite zymophyte through microbial activity, so that the garden waste can maintain efficient nutrient resources for a long time and is accelerated to be thoroughly decomposed; the traditional Chinese medicine dregs belong to organic fertilizers, contain nutrient elements and trace elements necessary for plants, can accelerate the decomposition of garden wastes such as dead leaves and branches through the decomposition effect of the composite zymophyte, can reduce the cost and realize the resource recycling due to the fact that the traditional Chinese medicine dregs belong to the wastes; the diatomite has a porous structure and can absorb peculiar smell, the graphite powder and the nano titanium dioxide have excellent antibacterial property, and the diatomite, the graphite powder and the nano titanium dioxide are mutually matched, so that the peculiar smell generated in the fermentation process of garden waste can be reduced, bacteria and various plant diseases and insect pests can be killed, the emergence rate of crops is improved, and the effects of moisturizing, loosening soil texture and prolonging the fertilizer efficiency time in soil can be achieved; humic acid can improve soil, stimulate crop growth and improve the quality of agricultural products, polyacrylamide has the functions of water absorption and expansion, has better water retention property, can prevent soil hardening, enables the root system of seedlings to grow robustly, and can improve the germination rate of the seedlings, accelerate the growth speed of the crops and improve the absorption of the crops to nutrient components by mutually matching the polyacrylamide and the humic acid.
Bamboo fiber and montmorillonite in the regulator have porous structures and strong water retention, activated carbon has excellent peculiar smell adsorption performance, the three are mutually matched, peculiar smell generated in secondary fermentation can be further adsorbed, materials in the secondary fermentation are sterilized and disinfected at the same time, the root of a seedling is prevented from being infected by germs, the emergence rate is improved, sodium lignosulfonate has good chelation effect on heavy metals, the pollution of garden waste and heavy metals in soil can be reduced, sodium bentonite has moisture absorption and expansion characteristics, the moisture retention capability in garden waste can be improved, fructus forsythiae has excellent sterilization effect, is mutually matched with sodium lignosulfonate and sodium bentonite, the fertilizer efficiency of the garden waste can be improved, the infection of the root system of the seedling is prevented, the germination rate is improved, the rapid growth of the seedling is promoted, organic fertilizers are mutually matched with inorganic fertilizers such as animal excrement, straw decomposition products, traditional Chinese medicine dregs and the like, the content of nutrient components in garden waste can be further improved, and the rapid growth of plants is promoted; the secondary fermentation temperature is lower than the primary fermentation temperature, the fermentation enters a later decomposition stage, the garden waste is not turned over, and the fermentation is kept stand to wait for the self decomposition of the fermentation material.
Further, the modifying agent is prepared by the following method: grinding the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, the diatomite and the phosphogypsum into powder of 3-5 microns, mixing and stirring the polyacrylamide, the nano titanium dioxide, the graphite powder and the humic acid uniformly, adding the ground mixture powder, and stirring uniformly.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the raw materials in the modifying agent are ground into powder, the raw materials are fully mixed, and various components are matched with each other, so that efficient nutrient resources can be kept for garden wastes for a long time, the release of nutrients is promoted, and the utilization rate of crops to the nutrients is improved.
Further, the conditioning agent is prepared by the following method: pulverizing bamboo fiber, montmorillonite, active carbon and fructus forsythiae into powder, adding organic fertilizer, mixing, adding sodium lignosulfonate, sodium bentonite, salicylic acid and purified water, mixing and stirring.
By adopting the technical scheme, the components in the regulator can be mixed more uniformly, and the regulator can be sprayed on wastes, so that the peculiar smell generated by fermenting the wastes can be reduced, the fermentation time is shortened, and the release of nutrients is promoted.
Further, the animal manure is prepared by mixing cow manure and wormcast in a mass ratio of 1: 0.7-0.9.
By adopting the technical scheme, after the cow dung is fermented and decomposed, uric acid in the cow dung is eliminated, plant diseases and insect pests in the cow dung are removed, ammonia gas generated in the cow dung in subsequent use is avoided, seedling root system rot is prevented, and peculiar smell in the cow dung is eliminated; the air permeability, the drainage and the draft of earthworm cast are comparatively excellent, can improve the area of contact of gardens discarded object and air, reduce the hardened condition of gardens discarded object, and the surface area of earthworm cast is big, is favorable to promoting the growth of bacterial among the compound zymophyte, and the fertilizer efficiency is showing, and can not produce negative effects to the crop, and earthworm cast can reduce the pH value of traditional chinese medicine dregs of a decoction simultaneously, promotes the absorption of seedling plant to nutrient substance for the growth of seedling.
Further, the animal manure is treated as follows: uniformly spraying the mixed solution of the aminomonose and the xylanase with the mass fraction of 0.01-0.1% on the animal manure, and placing the animal manure in an environment with the temperature of 20-50 ℃ for 12-24 h.
By adopting the technical scheme, the amino-proteinase can rapidly decompose protein organic matters of a pollution source, decompose the protein into amino acid, replace the growth, fermentation and decomposition capacity of anaerobic bacteria, eliminate ammonia smell and stink caused by anaerobic activity, improve the smell of animal excrement, and reduce harmful gas generated by decomposition of organic matters of the excrement by the xylanase.
Furthermore, the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared by mixing coptis root dregs, selfheal dregs and magnolia bark dregs according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.6-0.9) to (0.3-0.5).
By adopting the technical scheme, the coptis medicinal residue, the selfheal medicinal residue and the mangnolia officinalis can not only provide organic nutrient substances for crops, but also have the antifungal and antiviral effects, so that the growth of the crops can be promoted, and the disease resistance and survival rate of the crops can be improved; and when the compound fertilizer of the coptis chinensis decoction dregs, the selfheal decoction dregs and the magnolia officinalis decoction dregs is sprayed in garden wastes, the phenomena of saprophytic bacteria breeding, acidification and decay of the garden wastes can be reduced.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of urea, 2-2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate.
By adopting the technical scheme, multiple elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and zinc can be provided for the growth of crops by compounding urea, monopotassium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and zinc sulfate, the growth of the crops is promoted, and the survival rate of the crops is increased.
Further, in the step S4, the garden waste is stirred once every 2 to 3 days in the fermentation process, the stirring time is 10 to 30min, and the temperature of the garden waste is ensured to be less than or equal to 60 ℃.
By adopting the technical scheme, the garden waste is turned once in 2-3 days, the temperature of the garden waste is guaranteed not to exceed 60 ℃, oxygen can be promoted to enter the interior of the garden waste, and the phenomenon that the interior air is not smooth to circulate to generate ammonia gas is prevented, so that a large amount of unpleasant odor is generated.
Further, the composite zymocyte is one or a composition of more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and enterococcus faecalis, and the content of the total strains is 7-9 multiplied by 109 cfu/mL.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the gardens discarded object is mainly with woody plant residual, lignose of woody plant in is encircleed the cellulose, and both form the lignocellulose that is difficult to reduce, are difficult to be directly as energy material conversion by most microorganism, adopt multiple lignin degradation fungus to total bacterial content is big, can strengthen the degradation ability to lignin, improves the resource conversion rate of gardens discarded object.
Further, the straw decomposition material is one or a composition of several of wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw, peanut vine powder and furfural residue.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because of the humidity of the gardens discarded object after spraying the modifier is big, in fermentation process, the great fermentation that is unfavorable for of water content, supplementary materials such as the less wheat stalk of adding water content, maize straw, straw can reduce the water content in gardens discarded object and the animal manure on the one hand, and organic matter content after another instant noodle can improve the fermented compost.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, as the method of the invention sprays the modifying agent on the garden waste before fermentation, the raw material components in the modifying agent can adsorb and eliminate the gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like generated in the fermentation process of the garden waste, so that the odor generated in the fermentation process of the garden waste is reduced, meanwhile, the modifying agent can increase the nutrient content of the garden waste, and the garden waste is sterilized and disinfected to prevent viruses and bacteria from breeding in the fermentation process to infect crops; and performing secondary fermentation, wherein after the secondary fermentation, the peculiar smell generated in the secondary fermentation process is treated by using the regulator, and the waste after the secondary fermentation is subjected to sterilization treatment, so that the crop seedlings are prevented from being damaged, the emergence rate is improved, meanwhile, the nutrient content in garden waste is increased, and the growth speed of the seedlings is improved.
Secondly, in the method, because the traditional Chinese medicine dregs in the modifying agent are waste organic fertilizers, the nutrient content in garden waste can be improved, the production cost is reduced, and the resource reutilization is realized; humic acid can increase fertilizer efficiency, polyacrylamide has good water retention performance, and the two are matched with each other, so that the growth speed of seedlings can be increased, and the seedlings grow robustly.
Thirdly, the method of the invention preferably adopts the ammonia protease and the xylanase to treat the animal wastes, because the ammonia protease and the xylanase can reduce harmful gas generated by decomposing organic matters in the animal wastes, eliminate ammonia odor and stink caused by anaerobic activity, and reduce the stink of the animal wastes, thereby reducing the stink of the garden wastes after the treatment.
Fourthly, in the method, as the modifier uses graphite powder, diatomite and nano titanium dioxide to adsorb and sterilize the peculiar smell of the primary fermentation product, and the regulator uses bamboo fiber, montmorillonite and active carbon to adsorb and sterilize the peculiar smell, the peculiar smell generated in the fermentation process of the garden waste can be reduced, the antibacterial performance of the garden waste is improved, the death of seedlings of crops due to infection of germs is prevented, and the germination rate of the crops is improved.
Fifthly, in the method, sodium lignosulfonate can reduce heavy metals in soil, sodium bentonite has good water retention performance and can improve sudden air permeability, and fructus forsythiae has excellent sterilization effect, so that the emergence rate of crops can be increased and the seedling is prevented from being damaged by diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Preparation examples 1 to 3 of improving agents
The polyacrylamide in preparation examples 1-3 is selected from polyacrylamide sold by Jinju chemical industry Co., Ltd under the trade name JY-007, the humic acid is selected from humic acid sold by Tantang county mineral processing plants under the model number CH69-5, and the nano titanium dioxide is selected from nano titanium dioxide sold by Shikouini mineral product trade Co., Ltd under the model number R-258 in Lingshu county.
Preparation example 1: grinding 5kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 3kg of diatomite and 30kg of phosphogypsum into powder of 3 microns, mixing and stirring 1.5kg of polyacrylamide, 3kg of nano titanium dioxide, 2kg of graphite powder and 10kg of humic acid uniformly, adding the ground mixture powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared by mixing coptis chinensis dregs, selfheal dregs and magnolia officinalis dregs in a mass ratio of 1:0.6: 0.3.
Preparation example 2: grinding 8kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 4kg of diatomite and 330kg of phosphogypsum into 4-micron powder, mixing and stirring uniformly 2.5kg of polyacrylamide, 4kg of nano titanium dioxide, 5kg of graphite powder and 13kg of humic acid, adding the ground mixture powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared by mixing coptis chinensis dregs, selfheal dregs and magnolia officinalis dregs in a mass ratio of 1:0.7: 0.4.
Preparation example 3: grinding 10kg of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 6kg of diatomite and 35kg of phosphogypsum into 5-micron powder, mixing and stirring 3.5kg of polyacrylamide, 5kg of nano titanium dioxide, 7kg of graphite powder and 15kg of humic acid uniformly, adding the ground mixture powder, and stirring uniformly, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are prepared by mixing coptis chinensis dregs, selfheal dregs and magnolia officinalis dregs in a mass ratio of 1:0.9: 0.5.
Preparation examples 4 to 6 of regulators
Preparation examples 4 to 6 wherein forsythia suspensa was selected from forsythia suspensa sold by the national city of Xinkantang pharmaceutical industry, Inc. under the trade name of 18, sodium bentonite was selected from sodium bentonite sold by the Jingpeng mineral processing plant, Ling county under the trade name of P001, and sodium lignosulfonate was selected from sodium lignosulfonate sold by the Shanghai Yunji New Material science, Inc. under the model number of MN-1.
Preparation example 4: 2kg of bamboo fiber, 1kg of montmorillonite, 10kg of activated carbon and 2kg of fructus forsythiae are crushed into powder, 5kg of organic fertilizer is added and mixed uniformly, 1.3kg of sodium lignosulfonate, 10kg of sodium bentonite, 1kg of salicylic acid and 20kg of purified water are added and mixed and stirred uniformly, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and stirring 2kg of urea, 2kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5kg of zinc sulfate.
Preparation example 5: 3kg of bamboo fiber, 2kg of montmorillonite, 13kg of activated carbon and 4kg of fructus forsythiae are crushed into powder, 8kg of organic fertilizer is added and mixed uniformly, 1.7kg of sodium lignosulfonate, 12kg of sodium bentonite, 2kg of salicylic acid and 23kg of purified water are added and mixed and stirred uniformly, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and stirring 2.5kg of urea, 2.3kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1.5kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.8kg of zinc sulfate.
Preparation example 6: crushing 4kg of bamboo fiber, 3kg of montmorillonite, 15kg of activated carbon and 5kg of fructus forsythiae into powder, adding 10kg of organic fertilizer, uniformly mixing, adding 2kg of sodium lignosulfonate, 13kg of sodium bentonite, 3kg of salicylic acid and 25kg of purified water, uniformly mixing and stirring, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing and stirring 3kg of urea, 2.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1kg of zinc sulfate.
Examples
Example 1: a recycling method of garden waste comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting: collecting garden wastes such as garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, sorting the garden wastes, and cutting the waste branches;
s2, primary crushing: crushing the collected fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds into powder of 60 meshes;
s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, uniformly spraying the diluted composite zymophyte and the modifying agent on garden waste until the water content of the garden waste is 20%, and uniformly mixing the garden waste;
the mass ratio of the composite zymocyte, the modifying agent and the water is 0.1:0.4:1, the composite zymocyte is bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the total bacterial quantity is 7 × 109cfu/mL, the modifier prepared in preparation example 1;
s4, primary fermentation treatment: sequentially adding straw decomposition products and animal wastes into garden wastes, uniformly mixing, fermenting the garden wastes for 45 days at 40 ℃, stirring the garden wastes once every 2 days for 10min, and ensuring that the temperature of the garden wastes is less than or equal to 60 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented material;
the mass ratio of garden waste to straw decomposition products to animal waste is 10:1:1, the straw decomposition products are wheat straw and corn straw with the mass ratio of 1:1, the animal waste is prepared by mixing cow dung and wormcast with the mass ratio of 1:0.7, and the animal waste is treated as follows: uniformly spraying a mixed solution of 0.01 percent by mass of the aminomutase and the xylanase on the animal manure, and placing the animal manure in an environment of 20 ℃ for 24 hours;
s5, secondary fermentation treatment: fermenting the primary fermented material at 30 deg.C for 10 days to obtain secondary fermented material;
s6, odor adjustment: the regulator and water are mixed and diluted and then sprayed on the secondary fermentation material, the secondary fermentation material is stirred to be uniformly sprayed until the water content of the secondary fermentation material is less than or equal to 50 percent, the mass ratio of the regulator to the water is 0.2:1, and the regulator is prepared by the preparation example 4.
Example 2: a recycling method of garden waste comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting: collecting garden wastes such as garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, sorting the garden wastes, and cutting the waste branches;
s2, primary crushing: crushing the collected fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds into powder of 70 meshes;
s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, uniformly spraying the diluted composite zymophyte and the modifying agent on garden waste until the water content of the garden waste is 30%, and uniformly mixing the garden waste;
the mass ratio of the composite zymocyte, the modifying agent and the water is 0.15:0.6:1, the composite zymocyte is lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes with the mass ratio of 1:1, and the total strain amount is 8 × 109cfu/mL, the modifier is prepared by preparation example 2;
s4, primary fermentation treatment: sequentially adding straw decomposition products and animal wastes into garden wastes, uniformly mixing, fermenting the garden wastes for 43 days at 50 ℃, stirring the garden wastes once every 3 days for 15min, and ensuring that the temperature of the garden wastes is less than or equal to 60 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented material;
the mass ratio of garden waste to straw decomposition products to animal waste is 10:1.2:1.1, the straw decomposition products are straw and peanut vine powder with the mass ratio of 1:1, the animal waste is prepared by mixing cow dung and wormcast with the mass ratio of 1:0.8, and the animal waste is treated as follows: uniformly spraying a mixed solution of 0.5% by mass of the aminomutase and the xylanase on the animal manure, and placing the animal manure in an environment of 35 ℃ for 18 hours;
s5, secondary fermentation treatment: fermenting the primary fermented material at 35 deg.C for 8 days to obtain secondary fermented material;
s6, odor adjustment: the regulator and water are mixed and diluted and then sprayed on the secondary fermentation material, the mixture is turned over to be uniformly sprayed until the water content of the secondary fermentation material is less than or equal to 50 percent, the mass ratio of the regulator to the water is 0.3:1, and the regulator is prepared by the preparation example 5.
Example 3: a recycling method of garden waste comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting: collecting garden wastes such as garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, sorting the garden wastes, and cutting the waste branches;
s2, primary crushing: crushing the collected fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds into 80-mesh powder;
s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, uniformly spraying the diluted composite zymophyte and the modifying agent on garden waste until the water content of the garden waste is 40%, and uniformly mixing the garden waste;
the mass ratio of the composite zymocyte, the modifying agent and the water is 0.2:0.9:1, the composite zymocyte is enterococcus faecalis, and the total bacterial amount is 9 × 109cfu/mL, the modifier prepared in preparation example 3;
s4, primary fermentation treatment: sequentially adding straw decomposition products and animal wastes into garden wastes, uniformly mixing, fermenting the garden wastes for 40 days at 60 ℃, stirring the garden wastes once every 3 days for 20min, and ensuring that the temperature of the garden wastes is less than or equal to 60 ℃ to obtain a primary fermented material;
the mass ratio of garden waste to straw decomposition products to animal waste is 10:1.5:1.3, the straw decomposition products are furfural residues, the animal waste is prepared by mixing cow dung and wormcast in a mass ratio of 1:0.9, and the animal waste is treated as follows: uniformly spraying a mixed solution of 0.1% by mass of the aminomutase and the xylanase on the animal manure, and placing the animal manure in an environment of 50 ℃ for 12 hours;
s5, secondary fermentation treatment: fermenting the primary fermented material at 40 deg.C for 7 days to obtain secondary fermented material;
s6, odor adjustment: the regulator and water are mixed and diluted and then sprayed on the secondary fermentation material, the mixture is turned over to be uniformly sprayed until the water content of the secondary fermentation material is less than or equal to 50 percent, the mass ratio of the regulator to the water is 0.5:1, and the regulator is prepared by the preparation example 6.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: a recycling method of garden waste is different from the embodiment 1 in that animal waste is not treated by the aminopeptidase and the xylanase.
Comparative example 2: the difference between the recycling method of garden waste and the embodiment 1 is that traditional Chinese medicine dregs are not added in the modifying agent.
Comparative example 3: the difference between the recycling method of garden waste and the embodiment 1 is that diatomite, nano titanium dioxide and graphite powder are not added in the modifying agent.
Comparative example 4: the difference between the recycling method of garden waste and the embodiment 1 is that humic acid and polyacrylamide are not added into a modifying agent.
Comparative example 5: the difference between the recycling method of garden waste and the embodiment 1 is that bamboo fiber, montmorillonite and activated carbon are not added in the regulator.
Comparative example 6: the difference between the method for recycling garden waste and the embodiment 1 is that sodium lignosulphonate, sodium bentonite and fructus forsythiae are not added into the regulator.
Comparative example 7: taking example 1 in the chinese patent application with application number 201711406575.3 as a reference, a preparation method of a garden crushed wood compost composition comprises the following steps: sorting collected garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, wherein the waste branches need to be cut and processed, and then crushing the waste branches into plant wastes with the length of 5-8 cm; pretreating a fermentation product: diluting 2 parts of compound zymophyte, 0.5 part of pH regulator and 1 part of conductivity regulator with water according to the formula amount, spraying the diluted mixture into 100 parts of garden plant waste, adding the waste into a turning machine, uniformly mixing the materials, and adjusting the mass fraction of the materials to be 60-65%; primary composting fermentation: piling garden plant wastes to the bottom of a strip-shaped composting pool with the length of 10m, the width of 8m and the height of 0.8m, then sequentially paving 10 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 10 parts of kitchen wastes and 10 parts of straw decomposition products, wherein the fermentation temperature is 45-58 ℃, and the fermentation time is more than 10 days to obtain a primary compost; and (3) crushing: putting the primary compost into a crusher for crushing into compost powder with the particle size less than 1 cm; and (3) secondary compost fermentation: adding the crushed compost powder into the bar-shaped compost pool again, wherein the weight ratio of the crushed compost powder to the compost pool is 10: 00 and 3 in the afternoon: 00 measuring the temperature of the stack and observing the color and smell change of the stack; and after 3 days of stacking, turning the pile for the 1 st time when the temperature of the pile rises to 65 ℃, and then turning the pile for 1 time every 2 days for 3 times in total to obtain the compost composition.
Performance test
Firstly, evaluating peculiar smell: garden waste was treated according to examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7, and garden waste of the same quality treated by each example and each comparative example was taken, placed in a glass container, gas was collected 2 times a day for 10 consecutive days, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas were measured after gas collection, and the results of the 2 measurements were averaged and shown in table 1.
Table 1 examples and comparative examples for odor detection of garden waste
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the maximum concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas volatilized out within 10 days were 0.29mg/m, respectively, for the garden waste treated according to the methods in examples 1 to 33And 2.6mg/m3And the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas are not increased with the lapse of time, indicating that the landscape wastes treated by the methods of examples 1 to 3 have less offensive odor and have a shorter time for emitting the offensive odor.
The concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide in the garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 1 were on day 5Does not reach the maximum, and the hydrogen sulfide concentration reaches the maximum at the 6 th day and is 0.39mg/m3At 10 days, the hydrogen sulfide gas concentration was still 0.33mg/m3And the ammonia gas reached the maximum concentration of 3.8mg/m on day 73And ammonia gas was still 3.3mg/m on day 103The method proves that the odor of the garden waste after treatment can be reduced by using the ammonia protease and the xylanase to treat the animal waste.
The garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 2 had a hydrogen sulfide concentration of 0.37mg/m, which reached the maximum concentration on the fifth day3And the time lasts until day 10, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide is still greater than that of hydrogen sulfide at day 10 in examples 1-3, and ammonia gas reaches the maximum concentration value of 0.39mg/m at day 63Ten days after release, the concentration is still 33.4mg/m3The concentration of the Chinese medicinal herb residues is still higher than that of the garden waste treated in the examples 1-3, which shows that the Chinese medicinal herb residues can reduce the peculiar smell of the garden waste after treatment.
Comparative example 3 the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia reached maximum values on day 5 and day 6, respectively, of 0.38mg/m3And 3.8mg/m3The concentration is still higher in 10 days lower, and the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas released by the garden waste treated in the embodiment 1-3 is higher, which shows that the addition of the bamboo fibers, the nano titanium dioxide and the graphite powder can reduce the peculiar smell of the garden waste after treatment.
The garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 4 has a maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide of 0.39mg/m on day 53The ammonia concentration value at day 6 was the largest and was 3.9mg/m3On day 10, the hydrogen sulfide concentration was 0.35mg/m3The ammonia concentration is 3.6mg/m3Compared with the examples 1-3, the concentration values of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas are larger, and the odor is emitted continuously, which shows that the addition of humic acid and polyacrylamide can reduce the odor of the garden waste after treatment.
The garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 5 had a maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide of 0.39mg/m on day 53The ammonia gas reached a maximum concentration value of 3.7mg/m on day 63After 10 days, the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas is reduced slightly and is concentratedThe addition of the bamboo fibers, the montmorillonite and the activated carbon is proved to reduce the peculiar smell of the garden waste after treatment and shorten the time for emitting the peculiar smell.
The garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 6 had hydrogen sulfide and ammonia concentrations that reached maximum values at day 5 and day 7, respectively, of 0.4mg/m3And 3.9mg/m3On day 10, the concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and ammonia gas were still higher than those of the garden waste treated by the methods of examples 1-3, indicating that the addition of sodium lignosulfonate, sodium bentonite and fructus forsythiae can reduce the odor of the treated garden waste.
Comparative example 7 is the garden waste treated by the conventional method, and it can be seen from the examination that the garden waste treated by the method of comparative example 7 has a concentration of 0.39mg/m of hydrogen sulfide at day 53The concentration of ammonia gas at day 6 was 3.9mg/m3At 10 days, the concentration reduction is not obvious and is higher than that of the garden waste treated in examples 1-3, which shows that the garden waste treated by the method of the invention has low odor.
Secondly, detecting the germination rate and the growth speed: 1. selecting full and healthy cabbage seeds and corn seeds, selecting 200 flowerpots with the same specification, wherein 100 flowerpots are used as a cabbage group, the other 100 flowerpots are used as a corn group, dividing 100 flowerpots of the cabbage group and the corn group into 10 groups, each group comprises 10 flowerpots, adding the same soil into the 10 groups, sequentially filling garden wastes treated in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7 into the 10 flowerpots, uniformly mixing the soil and the garden wastes, sowing the cabbage seeds into the 100 flowerpots of the cabbage group, sowing the corn seeds into the 100 flowerpots of the corn group, wherein the sowing depth is 1cm, sowing 20 seeds into each flowerpot, putting the flowerpot into an artificial climate incubator for culturing, wherein the day-night temperature is 25 ℃/20 ℃, the day-night time length is 16h/8h, the illumination intensity is 3000lx, and the relative humidity is 70%, recording the number of germinated seeds on the 7 th day, taking the development of cotyledon as the standard for germination, calculating the germination rate of 10 flowerpots in the corn group and the Chinese cabbage group, wherein the germination rate (%) is equal to the number of 7d germinated seeds in 10 pots/200 multiplied by 100%, and taking the average value of 10 flowerpots in one group;
2. germination was terminated on day 7, the growth vigor of the germinated seedlings was measured, the plant height of the seedlings was measured with a vernier caliper 20 days after the seedlings had grown, and the germination rate and the plant height of the seedlings were recorded in table 2.
TABLE 2 germination percentage and plant height data of seedlings
Because the requirements of the Chinese cabbage seedlings and the corn seedlings on waste materials are high, the seedling burning phenomenon is easy to occur, and the data in the table 2 can be seen according to the requirements
The garden waste treated by the method in the embodiment 1-3 is used as a fertilizer to provide nutrients for cabbage seedlings and corn seedlings, the germination rates of the cabbages and the corns are high, the cabbages and the corns grow well after 20 days, the growth speed is high, and the plant height is large, so that after the garden waste is treated by the method in the embodiment 1-3, the growth environment of seedlings can be improved, and the seedlings can be promoted to grow quickly after the garden waste is subjected to fermentation and other treatment.
When the garden waste treated in the comparative example 1 is used as the fertilizer for the corns and the cabbages, the germination rates of the cabbages and the corns are respectively 86.5% and 83.5, the plant heights are respectively 3.4cm and 16.3cm, the germination rates are lower, the plant heights are smaller, and the growth speed is slower, which shows that the fertility of animal wastes can be improved by treating the animal wastes with the aminoproteinase and the xylanase, so that the germination rate of plants is improved, and the rapid growth of crops is promoted.
In the comparative example 2, because the traditional Chinese medicine dregs are not added into the modifier, the germination rates and plant heights of the corn and the Chinese cabbage are low and small compared with those of the corn and the Chinese cabbage planted in the examples 1-3, the addition of the traditional Chinese medicine dregs can improve the soil fertility, and the traditional Chinese medicine dregs have a bactericidal effect, can improve the disease resistance of the plant, promote the absorption of the plant to nutrients in garden waste, improve the germination rate and promote the rapid growth of crops.
The corn and the Chinese cabbage planted in the comparative example 3 are not high in budding rate and plant height, the Chinese cabbage budding rate is only 84%, and the corn budding rate is only 85%, so that the mutual cooperation of the graphite powder, the diatomite and the nano titanium dioxide can sterilize and disinfect soil, the budding rate of plants is improved, and the rapid growth of crops is promoted.
The germination rates of the corn and the Chinese cabbage in the comparative example 4 are 84.5% and 83.5% respectively, the germination rates are obviously reduced compared with those of the corn and the Chinese cabbage in the examples 1-3, and the plant heights are lower than those of the corn and the Chinese cabbage planted in the examples 1-3, which shows that the humic acid and the polyacrylamide can improve the fertilizer efficiency, inhibit the root system rot of crops, improve the germination rate and promote the rapid growth of the plants.
Compared with the corns and the cabbages planted in the examples 1 to 3, the corns and the cabbages planted in the comparative example 5 have different sprouting rates and plant heights from those of the corns and the cabbages planted in the examples 1 to 3, and the bamboo fibers, the montmorillonite and the activated carbon have the bactericidal effect, so that the disease resistance of crops can be improved, the absorption of the crops to nutrients can be promoted, the sprouting rates of the crops can be improved, and the growth of the crops can be promoted.
The germination rates of the corn and the Chinese cabbage planted in the comparative example 6 are 82% and 84.5% respectively, the plant heights are smaller than those of the corn and the Chinese cabbage planted in the examples 1-3, and the sodium lignosulfonate, the sodium bentonite and the fructus forsythiae can improve the disease resistance of the crops, promote the absorption of the crops on nutrients, improve the germination rate of the crops and promote the rapid growth of the crops.
Comparative example 7 is that the garden waste treated by the prior art is used as a fertilizer, and the germination rate and plant height are reduced compared with those of examples 1-3, which shows that the garden waste treated by the method of examples 1-3 of the present invention has the effects of promoting the growth of crops and increasing the germination rate.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A recycling method of garden waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, collecting: collecting garden wastes such as garden fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds, sorting the garden wastes, and cutting the waste branches;
s2, primary crushing: crushing the collected fallen leaves, waste branches and weeds into powder of 60-80 meshes;
s3, fermentation pretreatment: diluting the composite zymophyte and the modifying agent with water, uniformly spraying the diluted composite zymophyte and the modifying agent on garden waste until the water content of the garden waste is 20-40%, and uniformly mixing the garden waste;
the mass ratio of the composite zymophyte, the modifying agent and the water is (0.1-0.2): 0.4-0.9): 1;
the modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of traditional Chinese medicine dregs, 3-6 parts of diatomite, 2-7 parts of graphite powder, 3-5 parts of nano titanium dioxide, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 30-35 parts of phosphogypsum and 1.5-3.5 parts of polyacrylamide;
s4, primary fermentation treatment: sequentially adding the straw decomposition products and the animal wastes into the garden wastes, uniformly mixing, and fermenting the garden wastes for 40-45 days at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a primary fermentation material, wherein the mass ratio of the garden wastes to the straw decomposition products to the animal wastes is (1-1.5) to (1-1.3);
s5, secondary fermentation treatment: fermenting the primary fermented material at 30-40 deg.C for 7-10 days to obtain secondary fermented material;
s6, odor adjustment: mixing and diluting the regulator with water, spraying the mixture on the secondary fermentation material, and turning over the mixture to ensure that the spraying is uniform until the water content of the secondary fermentation material is less than or equal to 50 percent;
the mass ratio of the regulator to the water is (0.2-0.5) to 1;
the regulator comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-4 parts of bamboo fiber, 1-3 parts of montmorillonite, 10-15 parts of activated carbon, 1.3-2 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2-5 parts of fructus forsythiae, 10-13 parts of sodium bentonite, 5-10 parts of organic fertilizer, 1-3 parts of salicylic acid and 20-25 parts of purified water.
2. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the modifying agent is prepared by the following steps: grinding the traditional Chinese medicine dregs, the diatomite and the phosphogypsum into powder of 3-5 microns, mixing and stirring the polyacrylamide, the nano titanium dioxide, the graphite powder and the humic acid uniformly, adding the ground mixture powder, and stirring uniformly.
3. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the modifying agent is prepared by the following steps: pulverizing bamboo fiber, montmorillonite, active carbon and fructus forsythiae into powder, adding organic fertilizer, mixing, adding sodium lignosulfonate, sodium bentonite, salicylic acid and purified water, mixing and stirring.
4. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the animal waste is prepared by mixing cow dung and wormcast in a mass ratio of 1: 0.7-0.9.
5. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the animal waste is treated as follows: uniformly spraying the mixed solution of the aminomonose and the xylanase with the mass fraction of 0.01-0.1% on the animal manure, and placing the animal manure in an environment with the temperature of 20-50 ℃ for 12-24 h.
6. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine residues are prepared by mixing coptis chinensis residues, selfheal residues and magnolia officinalis residues in a mass ratio of 1 (0.6-0.9) to (0.3-0.5).
7. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of urea, 2-2.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 1-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 0.5-1 part of zinc sulfate.
8. The recycling method of garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the garden waste is stirred once every 2-3 days during the fermentation process in step S4 for 10-30min to ensure that the temperature of garden waste is less than or equal to 60 ℃.
9. The recycling method of garden waste according to claim 1, wherein the complex fermentation bacteria is one or a combination of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, lactic acid bacteria, yeast and enterococcus faecalis, and the total bacterial content is 7-9 × 109cfu/mL。
10. The method for recycling the garden waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straw decomposition material is one or a combination of wheat straw, corn straw, rice straw, peanut vine powder and furfural residue.
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