CN112521217A

CN112521217A - Garden soil improvement process

Info

Publication number: CN112521217A
Application number: CN202011503099.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈小玉
Original assignee: Dongguan Fenghua Garden Engineering Co ltd
Current assignee: Dongguan Fenghua Garden Engineering Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-17
Filing date: 2020-12-17
Publication date: 2021-03-19

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of garden planting, more specifically relates to a garden soil improvement process, and specifically discloses a garden soil improvement process. The garden soil improvement process comprises the steps of mixing garden greening waste, bagasse and corn straws with soil, and carrying out composting and decomposition under the action of bacillus subtilis. The garden soil improvement process can be used for improving garden soil which is repeatedly utilized in the Guangdong area, has the advantage of improving micro-ecological balance of the soil, and can achieve the effect of sustainable use of the garden soil in the Guangdong area.

Description

Garden soil improvement process

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of garden planting, in particular to a garden soil improvement process.

Background

The garden plant is a plant material suitable for landscaping, and comprises woody and herbaceous flower, leaf or fruit-viewing plants. Generally, garden plants are cultivated by transplanting, and the survival rate of the garden plants after transplanting is closely related to garden soil.

In order to improve the survival rate of garden plants, the requirements of soil quality of garden soil used at present are relatively high, and the garden soil is required to have sufficient ventilation capacity, fertility preservation capacity and water preservation capacity, so that the soil commonly used in the garden soil is generally red loam or white loam with excellent parent quality.

The soil in south, especially the soil in two broad areas, belongs to red soil with excellent parent quality, and has the following characteristics: the soil is meta-acid, the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid is less than 1, and the contents of active iron ions and active aluminum ions are high, so that the soil in two wide areas is very suitable for transplanting and cultivating garden plants.

Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor considers that the raw material soil is expensive, and generally the raw material soil is fertilized for many times based on the concept of reducing the cost, but the soil quality of garden soil is continuously reduced along with the increase of the fertilization times, so that the survival rate of garden plants is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to realize sustainable use of garden soil in Guangdong region, the application provides a garden soil improvement technology.

The application provides a gardens soil improvement technology adopts following technical scheme:

a garden soil improvement process comprises the following steps:

s1, taking 3-5 parts of landscaping waste, 7-9 parts of bagasse and 7-9 parts of corn straw, crushing and mixing to obtain a mixed compost;

s2, adding 100 parts of garden raw soil into the mixed compost, and uniformly mixing to obtain soil to be improved;

s3, adding 3 parts of fermentation liquor into the soil to be improved, and then performing compost decomposition treatment to obtain improved organic soil; the fermentation broth comprises waste hyphae, and the waste hyphae comprise hyphae formed by bacillus subtilis.

By adopting the technical scheme, on the first hand, landscaping waste, bagasse and corn straw can be used as carbon sources for composting and decomposing so as to increase the content of organic matters in soil, thereby improving the balance of micro-ecology in the soil; in the second aspect, a large amount of fulvic acid can be obtained after the bagasse and the corn straw are fermented and decomposed by the bacillus subtilis, and the soil micro-ecological balance of the garden in the Guangdong area is damaged due to the fact that the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid is out of order (namely greater than 1) after the bacillus subtilis is used for multiple times, and for the situation, sufficient fulvic acid is supplemented to improve the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid, so that the soil micro-ecological balance of the garden in the Guangdong area is improved; and in the third aspect, the compost is decomposed directly on the soil to be improved, and the soil can be directly improved aiming at the soil quality and the microecological balance, so that the soil improvement effect is enhanced, and the sustainable use of the garden soil is realized.

Preferably, the fermentation liquor consists of 5 parts by weight of waste hypha, 30-40 parts by weight of cane molasses, 1 part by weight of salt and 100 parts by weight of water.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because the multiplication of bacillus subtilis is more difficult, cane molasses can provide comparatively stable growing environment for bacillus subtilis as direct carbon source to improve the survival rate that bacillus subtilis inoculated, and then improve the effect that the compost is thoroughly decomposed, improve the content of fulvic acid in the soil, make the gardens soil after the improvement can realize the effect of continuous utilization, guaranteed the survival rate that landscape plant transplanted.

Preferably, the fermentation liquor is prepared according to a formula and cultured for one week at the temperature of 30-37 ℃.

By adopting the technical scheme, after the fermentation liquor is pre-cultured for one week, the number of the flora of the bacillus subtilis in the fermentation liquor reaches a higher level, the efficiency of composting and decomposing the soil to be improved is improved, and the composting effect is improved.

Preferably, the soil to be improved in step S3 is subjected to an acidolysis pretreatment before the compost decomposition treatment, and the step of acidolysis pretreatment is as follows:

s2.1, putting the soil to be improved into an acidolysis tank for acidolysis for three days, filtering, and taking a solid phase to obtain pretreated soil;

s2.2, adjusting the pH value of the pretreated soil to 6-7;

the acidolysis tank contains acidolysis solution, the acidolysis solution comprises sulfuric acid and acidothermy sulfolobus, and the pH value of the acidolysis solution is kept to be 3.0-3.3 in the acidolysis process.

By adopting the technical scheme, the soil to be improved is subjected to acidolysis pretreatment before compost decomposition treatment, and on the first hand, part of organic matters can be acidified and decomposed to form organic acid beneficial to microecological balance; secondly, the sulfolobus acidocaldarius can carry out primary degradation on the mixed compost in the environment with the pH value of 3.0-3.3, so that a plurality of organic acid are formed, and meanwhile, the efficiency of the composting treatment is improved; in the third aspect, the acidic environment can inhibit the growth of various thalli harmful to the growth of plants, and the health of garden plants after transplantation is ensured, so that the survival rate of transplantation is improved.

Preferably, the acidolysis solution further comprises aluminum sulfate.

By adopting the technical scheme, the aluminum sulfate has weak acidity and is a better regulator for maintaining the pH value of the acidolysis tank; in addition, aluminum sulfate forms a large amount of active aluminum ions in aquatic ionization, and active aluminum ions have the promotion effect to the side root growth of plant, and after landscape plant after transplanting absorbed active aluminum ions, can accelerate the growth of side root to the root intensity of reinforcing plant makes the plant can draw nutrition and moisture smoothly from soil and accomplish the transplantation, consequently has the effect of improving the plant survival rate.

Preferably, the filtrate obtained after filtration in step S2.1 is recycled and used in the next acidolysis pretreatment process.

By adopting the technical scheme, the filtered filtrate contains a large amount of sulfolobus acidocaldarius, so that the acidolysis effect can be improved, and meanwhile, the production cost can be reduced by recycling acidolysis solution.

Preferably, the pH of the pretreated soil is adjusted by using plant ash in step S2.2.

By adopting the technical scheme, the plant ash is an alkaline substance and can be subjected to neutralization reaction with acid, so that the effect of adjusting the pH value of the soil is realized; meanwhile, the plant ash is a potassium fertilizer, can stabilize photosynthesis and protein synthesis of the transplanted landscape plants, and promotes rooting and growth of the plants, so that the survival rate of the transplanted landscape plants is improved.

Preferably, the plant ash is obtained by burning landscaping waste.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the plant ash source is convenient, can obtain high-quality plant ash through burning afforestation discarded object.

Preferably, the landscaping waste comprises a mixture of cinnamomum burmannii, semen hominis, crape myrtle, murraya paniculata, safflower carthamus, dog tooth flower, safflower bauhinia and lawn clippings.

Preferably, in step S2.1, the acidolysis solution and the soil to be improved are continuously stirred during acidolysis; in step S3, the soil to be improved is continuously turned over while the compost is thoroughly decomposed.

By adopting the technical scheme, the oxygen content in the acidolysis solution can be increased by stirring in the acidolysis process, the acidolysis effect is improved, and simultaneously the soil to be improved can be dispersed to form soil particles with smaller particle size; the contact area of the soil to be improved and oxygen can be increased by turning over the fertilizer in the composting and decomposing process, so that the compost is sufficient and uniform, and meanwhile, soil particles with small particle sizes are bonded under the action of cane molasses in the composting process to form soil particles with certain particle sizes, so that the particle size ratio of the soil particles is improved, the fertilizer retention capacity and the water retention capacity of the improved organic soil are improved, the risk of soil hardening is reduced, and the survival rate of garden plant transplanting is improved.

In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

1. because this application adopts afforestation discarded object, bagasse and maize straw as mixing compost to carry out the compost maturity through adopting bacillus subtilis to mixing compost and handle, make mixing compost generate a large amount of organic acid, especially fulvic acid under the effect of bacillus subtilis, thereby reduced the ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid in the gardens soil, and then improved the micro-ecological environment balance in the gardens soil, also improved the survival rate that landscape plant transplanted when having realized the sustainable use of Guangdong area gardens soil.

2. The soil that treats improvement is preferably adopted in this application to carry out the acidolysis preliminary treatment, because acidolysis can let partial organic matter acidizing decompose and form a large amount of organic acid, and the soil that treats improvement also can be treated to sour hot sulfolobus solfataricus simultaneously and tentatively decomposes, and the growth that can restrain harmful microorganism is handled in the acidolysis in addition, and above tripartite combines for the acidolysis preliminary treatment has the effect of improving soil microecological balance, improvement landscape plant and transplanting the survival rate.

3. The application discloses improvement technology through stirring dispersion, the fertile adhesion of turning over to soil, improves soil particle diameter ratio, has improved the fertilizer retention ability, the water retention ability of soil, reduces the hardened risk of soil to obtain the survival rate effect that improves landscape plant and transplant.

Detailed Description

The present application is described in further detail below with reference to examples 1 to 12.

Examples of preparation of raw materials and/or intermediates

Preparation example 1

A fermentation broth prepared by the following steps:

s1, taking a plurality of fallen leaves on the garden soil ground, scraping and collecting white hyphae attached to the surfaces of the fallen leaves to obtain waste hyphae, wherein the white hyphae are mostly mycelia of bacillus subtilis;

s2, mixing 5kg of waste hypha, 30kg of cane molasses, 1kg of salt and 100kg of water, and stirring to obtain the fermentation liquor.

Preparation example 2

A fermentation broth which differs from preparation example 1 in that: the amount of the cane molasses used in step S2 was 40 kg.

Preparation example 3

A fermentation broth, which is different from preparation example 1 in that the fermentation broth in step S2 was cultured at 30 ℃ for one week after mixing and stirring.

Preparation example 4

A fermentation broth, which is different from preparation example 2 in that the fermentation broth in step S2 was cultured at 37 ℃ for one week after mixing and stirring.

Examples

Example 1

A garden soil improvement process comprises the following steps of:

s1, taking 3kg of landscaping waste, 9kg of bagasse and 7kg of corn straw, crushing, sieving with a 4-mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain a mixed compost;

s2, adding 100kg of garden raw soil into the mixed compost, and uniformly mixing to obtain soil to be improved;

s3, adding 3kg of fermentation liquor into the soil to be improved, uniformly mixing, performing forced ventilation static aerobic composting in a closed composting reactor, and fermenting for one week to obtain improved organic soil;

the landscaping waste consists of a mixture of cinnamomum burmanii, semen hominis, crape myrtle, murraya paniculata, safflower, dog teeth, safflower bauhinia and lawn clippings, 3kg of fermentation liquor comprises 2.9kg of water and 0.1kg of waste hypha, the waste hypha is white hypha attached to the surface of fallen leaves on the ground of garden soil, and the initial ventilation rate of forced ventilation is 0.4L/(min x kg).

Example 2

A garden soil improvement process is different from the process of embodiment 1 in that the adopted garden greening waste is 5kg in mass, 7kg in bagasse and 9kg in corn straw; 3kg of fermentation broth contained 2.8kg of water and 0.2kg of waste mycelia.

Example 3

A garden soil improvement process is different from the process of embodiment 1 in that the mass of garden greening waste is 4kg, the mass of bagasse is 8kg, and the mass of corn straw is 8 kg; the fermentation broth used was the fermentation broth of preparation example 1.

Example 4

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of the embodiment 3 in that the fermentation liquor adopted is the fermentation liquor in the preparation example 2.

Example 5

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of the embodiment 3 in that the fermentation liquor adopted is the fermentation liquor in the preparation example 3.

Example 6

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of the embodiment 3 in that the fermentation broth adopted is the fermentation broth in the preparation example 4.

Example 7

A garden soil improvement process comprises the following steps of:

s1, taking 4kg of landscaping waste, 8kg of bagasse and 8kg of corn straw, crushing, sieving with a 4-mesh sieve, and mixing to obtain a mixed compost;

s3, putting the soil to be improved into an acidolysis tank containing acidolysis solution, carrying out acidolysis for three days under the condition of maintaining the pH value of the acidolysis solution to be 3.0, then filtering, and retaining a solid phase to obtain the pretreated soil;

s4, adjusting the pH value of the pretreated soil to 6, adding 3kg of fermentation liquor obtained in the preparation example 4 into the pretreated soil, uniformly mixing, performing forced ventilation static aerobic composting in a closed composting reactor, and fermenting for one week to obtain improved organic soil;

wherein, the landscaping waste is composed of a mixture of cinnamomum burmanii, semen hominis, crape myrtle, murraya paniculata, safflower, dog teeth, safflower bauhinia and lawn trimmings, the acidolysis solution is sulfuric acid in which sulfolobus solfataricus is living, and the initial ventilation rate of forced ventilation is 0.4L/(min x kg).

Example 8

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of example 7 in that the pH value of an acid hydrolysis solution is maintained at 3.3 during the acid hydrolysis process.

Example 9

The difference between the garden soil improvement process and the garden soil improvement process in the embodiment 8 is that the acidolysis solution contains 1% of aluminum sulfate by mass fraction.

Example 10

The difference between the garden soil improvement process and the garden soil improvement process in example 9 is that the acidolysis solution is a liquid phase obtained by filtering and separating substances in an acidolysis tank after the last acidolysis is finished.

Example 11

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of the embodiment 10 in that the pH of the pretreated soil is adjusted by using plant ash, and the plant ash is obtained by burning landscaping wastes.

Example 12

A garden soil improvement process, which is different from the process of the embodiment 11 in that the substances in an acidolysis tank are continuously stirred in the acidolysis process; in the composting process, the materials in the closed composting reactor are continuously turned over.

Performance test

The transplanting survival rate of the cymbidium single-leaved cymbidium was tested by using 12 different types of improved organic soils of examples 1 to 12, garden raw soil after multiple use and natural new soil.

Detection method/test method

The improved organic soil of example 1, the improved organic soil of example 2, the improved organic soil of example 3, the improved organic soil of example 4, the improved organic soil of example 5, the improved organic soil of example 6, the improved organic soil of example 7, the improved organic soil of example 8, the improved organic soil of example 9, the improved organic soil of example 10, the improved organic soil of example 11, the improved organic soil of example 12, 50 cananga and 20 araucaria plants each transplanted on garden raw soil and natural new soil after a plurality of times were planted and managed collectively, survival conditions of cananga and araucaria were counted and survival rates were calculated after 6 months, and the survival rates were calculated according to the following formula:

survival rate of single leaf orchid = survival number of single leaf orchid/50 × 100%. (1)

Araucaria survival = araucaria survival number/20 × 100%. (2)

TABLE 1 Oenanthe stolonifera survival Rate

Soil sample	Number of surviving plants (plant)	Survival rate (%)
			Example 1	26	52
Example 2	26	52
			Example 3	27	54
Example 4	27	54
			Example 5	29	58
Example 6	30	60
			Example 7	38	76
Example 8	37	74
			Example 9	41	82
Example 10	42	84
			Example 11	44	88
Example 12	46	92
			Garden raw soil	22	44
Natural new soil	49	98

TABLE 2 statistic of the survival rate of araucaria

Soil sample	Number of surviving plants (plant)	Survival rate (%)
			Example 1	11	55
Example 2	11	55
			Example 3	12	60
Example 4	12	60
			Example 5	13	65
Example 6	13	65
			Example 7	15	75
Example 8	14	70
			Example 9	16	80
Example 10	17	85
			Example 11	18	90
Example 12	19	95
			Garden raw soil	9	45
Natural new soil	20	100

By combining the examples 1-2 and the tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that the method for directly improving the soil by using landscaping waste, bagasse and corn stalks as compost raw materials and using bacillus subtilis as fermentation bacteria can improve the survival rate of the cymbidium and araucaria, which indicates that the garden soil improvement scheme disclosed by the application has the effect of improving the survival rate of transplanted plants. The inventor speculates that the fulvic acid generated by the bacillus subtilis improves the ratio of humic acid to fulvic acid in soil, and the rest organic acid obtained by decomposition also improves the stability of a soil micro-ecosystem, so that the effect of improving the transplanting survival rate of plants is realized, the garden soil after being used for many times can be reused, and a certain transplanting survival rate is ensured.

As can be seen by combining examples 1-4 with tables 1 and 2, pre-culturing Bacillus subtilis with cane molasses improves the survival rates of Monoptera and araucaria, which the inventors speculate that because Bacillus subtilis rapidly proliferates with cane molasses as a direct carbon source, the adaptation period of Bacillus subtilis is shortened, and the composting effect is improved.

As can be seen from the combination of examples 3 to 6 and tables 1 and 2, the survival rates of the cymbidium bicolor and the araucaria can be improved by composting after naturally fermenting the fermentation broth for one week, and the inventors speculate that the fermentation broth has an effect of expanding the culture of the bacillus subtilis as a culture medium, so that the flora concentration of the bacillus subtilis in the fermentation broth is increased, and the composting effect is further improved.

As can be seen by combining examples 6-8 with tables 1 and 2, the survival rates of the southern orchids and araucaria were significantly improved by the acidolysis pretreatment of the soil to be improved, because some harmful germs on the plants were not tolerated during the acidolysis process, thereby inhibiting the growth of the relevant germs; in addition, some high molecular organic matters such as ester organic matters can be hydrolyzed under the acidic environment to form low-grade organic acid, which is beneficial for decomposers in subsequent soil to utilize, so that the microecological environment balance of the improved soil is rapidly stabilized, and the transplanting survival rate of garden plants is remarkably improved.

It can be seen from the combination of examples 7 and 9 and tables 1 and 2 that the improved soil is subjected to acidolysis treatment with an acidolysis solution containing aluminum sulfate, which can improve the survival rate of cymbidium and araucaria, presumably because aluminum ions in the acidolysis solution bind to certain components in the soil, so that the soil fixes active aluminum ions, and since aluminum ions have the effect of promoting the development of lateral roots of plants, the aluminum ions fixed in the soil promote the development of lateral roots of cymbidium and araucaria, thereby improving the survival rate of cymbidium and araucaria.

As can be seen by combining examples 9-10 with tables 1 and 2, the recycling of the acidolysis solution is helpful to improve the survival rate of the southern orchids and araucaria presumably because part of the substances beneficial to plant growth are accumulated in the recycling acidolysis solution, and the recycling acidolysis solution contains sulfolobus acidocaldarius at a higher concentration than the fresh acidolysis solution, so that the acidolysis effect is better.

As can be seen by combining examples 10-11 with tables 1 and 2, the pH adjustment of the pretreated soil with plant ash can increase the survival rate of southern American and southern American fir, which indicates that the fertility of the treated soil is low, but the survival rate of plants can be increased by using the fertilizer, indicating that the fertility preserving capability of the soil is improved.

Combining examples 11-12 with tables 1 and 2, it can be seen that stirring during acidolysis and continuously turning over during composting can improve the survival rate of cymbidium and araucaria, even close to that of loam rich in organic matter under natural conditions. The inventor compares the particle size ratio of garden raw soil, loam under natural conditions and improved organic soil, and finds that the particle size ratio of the improved organic soil is close to the particle size ratio of natural loam, and the soil particle size of the garden raw soil is sandy, which shows that the particle size ratio of the improved organic soil is recombined and arranged in the stirring and fertilizing processes, and soil particles with small particle sizes are combined to form soil particles with larger particle sizes, so that the fertilizer retention capacity, the water retention capacity and the ventilation capacity of the soil are improved.

The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. The garden soil improvement process is characterized by comprising the following steps in parts by weight:

2. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 1, wherein: according to the weight portion, the fermentation liquor is composed of 5 portions of waste hypha, 30-40 portions of cane molasses, 1 portion of salt and 100 portions of water.

3. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 2, wherein: the fermentation liquor is prepared according to a formula and is obtained after being cultured for one week at the temperature of 30-37 ℃.

4. The landscape soil improvement process according to any one of claims 2-3, wherein: the soil to be improved in the step S3 is subjected to an acidolysis pretreatment before compost decomposition treatment, and the acidolysis pretreatment includes the following steps:

s2.2, adjusting the pH value of the pretreated soil to 6-7;

5. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 4, wherein: the acidolysis solution also comprises aluminum sulfate.

6. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 4, wherein: and (3) recovering the filtrate obtained after filtering in the step (S2.1) and using the recovered filtrate in the next acidolysis pretreatment process.

7. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 4, wherein: and in the step S2.2, the pH value of the pretreated soil is adjusted by adopting plant ash.

8. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 7, wherein: the plant ash is obtained by burning landscaping waste.

9. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 8, wherein: the landscaping waste comprises a mixture of cinnamomum burmannii, semen hominis, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Murraya paniculata, Carthamus tinctorius, Ervatia viridis, bauhinia variegata and lawn clippings.

10. The garden soil improvement process according to claim 4, wherein: in step S2.1, continuously stirring acidolysis solution and soil to be improved during acidolysis; in step S3, the soil to be improved is continuously turned over while the compost is thoroughly decomposed.