CN114868483A - Construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil - Google Patents
Construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN114868483A CN114868483A CN202210602704.0A CN202210602704A CN114868483A CN 114868483 A CN114868483 A CN 114868483A CN 202210602704 A CN202210602704 A CN 202210602704A CN 114868483 A CN114868483 A CN 114868483A
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- maltodextrin
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 93
- 235000011437 Amygdalus communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 235000020224 almond Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003495 polar organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 244000144725 Amygdalus communis Species 0.000 claims description 91
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical group CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 102000016938 Catalase Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010053835 Catalase Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000013912 Ceratonia siliqua Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000008886 Ceratonia siliqua Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 9
- 108010046334 Urease Proteins 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000220304 Prunus dulcis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000161 Locust bean gum Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000010420 locust bean gum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000001889 Acid-Base Imbalance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000120 microwave digestion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses a construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil, which belongs to the field of garden repairing and comprises the following steps: excavating the soil on the upper layer of the soil area to be repaired, and mixing the excavated soil with a modifier to obtain pre-modified soil; mixing and stirring the pre-improved soil and water to obtain improved soil slurry; pouring the improved soil slurry back to the soil area to be repaired, and ploughing the soil to complete construction; the preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps: adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into a polar organic solvent, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating, dispersing at a high speed, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, soaking the maltodextrin-agar microspheres in a soil enzyme preparation, taking out to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite for mixing, sieving, and drying screen residues to obtain the modifier. This application has the advantage that improves the improvement repair effect of planting soil.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of garden restoration, in particular to a construction method for improving and restoring garden planting soil.
Background
The improvement and restoration of gardens are one of the basic processes of garden design and construction, the concept of gardens is being popularized nowadays, more and more fields are used for building gardens, and due to the pollution of the building fields, various garden improvement and restoration problems can be faced in the garden construction, such as the heavy metal problem, the acid-base imbalance problem, the low fertility problem and the like of planting soil in the building fields.
The heavy metal problem wherein is the problem that meets most often when the gardens are built and are under construction, heavy metal Cd, Pb in the soil, Cr etc. are too much, can influence the survival rate and the growth situation of flowers and plants trees, and then influence the view in gardens, and the heavy metal problem still can lead to the ecosystem unbalance in gardens in addition, has restricted the sustainable development in gardens, also can produce bad influence to the resident that gets into gardens or via people in addition, consequently plant soil to the gardens and improve and restore very crucial.
One of the construction methods for restoring the heavy metal in the soil is to add biochar, and the interaction between the biochar and the heavy metal in the soil is utilized to play a role in fixing the heavy metal and reduce the relation between the heavy metal and soil particles; however, in the actual construction process, it is found that too much biochar is added at the early stage of restoration, which affects the composition of soil itself and the planting effect, while too little biochar is added, which does not obviously fix heavy metals, and thus the restoration effect on soil still needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the improvement and restoration effects of planting soil, the application provides a construction method for improving and restoring garden planting soil.
The application provides a construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil comprises the following steps:
excavating the soil on the upper layer of the soil area to be repaired, and mixing the excavated soil with a modifier to obtain pre-modified soil;
mixing and stirring the pre-improved soil and water according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.15-0.25) to obtain improved soil slurry;
pouring the improved soil slurry back to a soil area to be repaired, and turning over the improved soil slurry and the soil together to complete construction;
the preparation method of the modifying agent comprises the following steps: adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into a polar organic solvent, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating to 50-70 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 10000-20000 r/min for 20-50 min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, soaking the maltodextrin-agar microspheres in a soil enzyme preparation, taking out to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite, mixing, sieving, and drying screen residues to obtain the modifier.
By adopting the technical scheme, the soil on the upper layer is pre-improved to obtain improved soil slurry, which is beneficial to mixing the improver and more soil to be repaired, thereby more comprehensively improving the soil improvement and repair effect.
The maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres are coated with almond shell carbon, the almond shell carbon has the advantages of high porosity and large specific surface area, contains various mineral substances and active organic functional groups, and has good adsorption and complexation effects on heavy metals in soil, so that the condition of the heavy metals in the soil is improved; in addition, the almond shell carbon is wrapped by the wall material formed by maltodextrin-agar, so that the almond shell carbon does not directly contact with soil, but the almond shell powder is gradually released in the process of degrading the maltodextrin-agar in the soil, the condition that the addition amount of the biochar is overlarge at the initial stage of soil improvement and restoration is avoided, the dispersion of the almond shell powder in the soil is facilitated, the improvement and restoration effect of the planting soil is improved, excessive almond shell powder does not need to be added, and the soil is continuously and effectively improved and restored.
The soil enzyme preparation can be used as a biological chelating agent to chelate and fix heavy metals in soil, is sprayed on the surface of the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, so that the soil enzyme can permeate into maltodextrin-agar wall materials, and is dispersed in the soil by taking the maltodextrin-agar wall materials as carriers to improve the dispersibility, and is also beneficial to the stable existence of the soil enzyme.
The attapulgite is adhered to the surfaces of the enzyme modified microspheres, so that the reduction of the viscosity among the enzyme modified microspheres is facilitated, the mutual dispersion of the enzyme modified microspheres is promoted, the attapulgite has good adsorption and ion exchange properties and has a good repairing and improving effect on soil, in addition, the soil enzyme preparation can promote the adhesion of the attapulgite to the surfaces of the enzyme modified microspheres, the attapulgite can protect soil enzymes, the loss of the soil enzymes in the mixing and plowing processes is reduced, and the soil improving and repairing effect is further improved.
Optionally, the weight ratio of the modifying agent to the excavated soil is 1 (1100-3300).
Optionally, the weight ratio of the maltodextrin-agar slurry to the almond shell charcoal is 100 (30-50).
Optionally, the preparation method of the maltodextrin-agar slurry comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing maltodextrin, agar, an emulsifier and water at 75-90 ℃ to obtain maltodextrin-agar slurry, wherein the weight ratio of the maltodextrin to the agar to the emulsifier to the water is (25-40): 60-70): 15-25): 100.
By adopting the technical scheme, the colloidal slurry taking the maltodextrin and the agar as main bodies is formed, and the slurry has good encapsulation property, so that the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres can be conveniently formed in the subsequent process.
Optionally, the preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps: chopping almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15-30 min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter bodies, drying, heating the almond shell filter bodies to 450-480 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 1-2 h, cooling, and grinding to obtain almond shell charcoal.
By adopting the technical scheme, the ethanol removes impurities such as fat in the almond shells, and the almond shells can be pyrolyzed and the pyrolysis degree can be controlled by oxygen-isolated heating at 450-480 ℃, so that the almond shell carbon has better heavy metal adsorption performance.
Optionally, the preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps: cutting almond shells, stirring for 15-30 min in ethanol, filtering to obtain an almond shell filter body, drying, heating to 160-180 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 20-30 min, cooling, mixing nano silicon dioxide powder with the heated almond shell filter body, grinding, heating to 410-430 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and cooling to obtain almond shell charcoal, wherein the weight ratio of the almond shells to the nano silicon dioxide powder is 1 (0.12-0.21).
By adopting the technical scheme, the almond shell is pyrolyzed and is combined with the nano silicon dioxide powder, so that the adsorption performance of the almond shell carbon is improved, the adsorbed heavy metal types are enriched, and the soil improvement effect is improved.
Optionally, the preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps: mixing soil enzyme with water to obtain a soil enzyme preparation, wherein the soil enzyme is urease or catalase, and the weight ratio of the soil enzyme to the water is (1.5-2): 1000.
By adopting the technical scheme, both the urease and the catalase have the effect of complexing heavy metals, so that the concentration of the heavy metals is reduced, and the soil remediation is realized.
Optionally, the preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps: mixing soil enzyme, carob bean and water to obtain a soil enzyme preparation, wherein the soil enzyme is urease or catalase, and the weight ratio of the soil enzyme, the carob bean and the water is (1.5-2): 8-10): 1000.
By adopting the technical scheme, the carob bean plays a thickening role in the soil enzyme preparation, the adhesion of the soil enzyme to the enzyme improvement microspheres is improved, and the carob bean can promote the soil enzyme to enter the maltodextrin-agar wall material, so that the soil enzyme repairing effect on soil is improved.
Optionally, the depth of the soil for excavating the upper layer is 5-15 cm.
Optionally, the polar organic solvent is acetonitrile.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, the upper soil is pre-improved to obtain improved soil slurry, so that the mixture of the improver and more soil to be repaired is facilitated, and the soil improvement and repair effect is more comprehensively improved; the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres are coated with almond shell carbon, and the almond shell carbon has good adsorption and complexation effects on heavy metals in soil, so that the condition of the heavy metals in the soil is improved; in addition, the almond shell carbon is wrapped by the wall material formed by maltodextrin-agar, so that the almond shell carbon does not directly contact with soil, but gradually releases the almond shell powder in the process of degrading the maltodextrin-agar in the soil, the condition that the adding amount of the biochar is too large at the initial stage of soil improvement and restoration is avoided, and the soil is continuously and effectively improved and restored; the soil enzyme preparation is sprayed on the surface of the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, so that the soil enzyme can permeate into the maltodextrin-agar wall material, and the soil enzyme can stably exist; the attapulgite is attached to the surfaces of the enzyme-modified microspheres, so that the reduction of the viscosity among the enzyme-modified microspheres is facilitated, the mutual dispersion of the enzyme-modified microspheres is promoted, and the soil improvement and remediation effect is further improved.
2. According to the application, nano silicon dioxide powder is added into almond shell carbon, carob bean gum is added into a soil enzyme preparation, and the soil enzyme preparation has a more obvious improvement and purification effect on three soil heavy metals including Pd, As and Cr.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Preparation example
Preparation example 1
The preparation method of the maltodextrin-agar slurry comprises the following steps:
weighing 2.5kg of maltodextrin, 6kg of agar, 1.5kg of emulsifier and 10kg of water, wherein the emulsifier is Tween 80.
Adding maltodextrin, agar, emulsifier and water into a stirring kettle, heating the stirring kettle to 75 ℃, stirring and mixing for 30min, and obtaining maltodextrin-agar slurry after stirring.
Preparation example 2
The preparation method of the maltodextrin-agar slurry comprises the following steps:
weighing 4kg of maltodextrin, 7kg of agar, 2.5kg of emulsifier and 10kg of water, wherein the emulsifier is Tween 80.
Adding maltodextrin, agar, emulsifier and water into a stirring kettle, heating the stirring kettle to 90 ℃, stirring and mixing for 30min, and obtaining maltodextrin-agar slurry after stirring.
Preparation example 3
The preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of almond shells and 6kg of ethanol.
Cutting almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter, drying in a 50 deg.C oven for 1h, heating to 450 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain almond shell charcoal.
Preparation example 4
The preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of almond shells and 6kg of ethanol.
Cutting almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 30min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter, drying in a 50 deg.C oven for 1h, heating to 480 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining for 1h, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with 100 mesh sieve to obtain almond shell charcoal.
Preparation example 5
The preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of almond shell, 0.12kg of nano silicon dioxide powder and 6kg of ethanol, wherein the average particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 80 nm.
Cutting almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter, drying in an oven at 50 ℃ for 1h, mixing the almond shell filter with nano silicon dioxide powder, grinding, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, putting the sieved substance into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 160 ℃ under nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 20min, then heating to 410 ℃, preserving heat for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain the almond shell charcoal.
Preparation example 6
The preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of almond shell, 0.12kg of nano silicon dioxide powder and 6kg of ethanol, wherein the average particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 80 nm.
Cutting almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter, drying at 50 deg.C for 1h, placing the almond shell filter in a high temperature furnace, heating to 160 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 20min, naturally cooling to room temperature, mixing nano-silica powder with the heated almond shell filter, grinding, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, heating to 410 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, maintaining the temperature for 2h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain almond shell charcoal.
Preparation example 7
The preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of almond shell, 0.21kg of nano silicon dioxide powder and 6kg of ethanol, wherein the average particle size of the nano silicon dioxide is 80 nm.
Cutting almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter, drying at 50 deg.C for 1h, placing the almond shell filter in a high temperature furnace, heating to 180 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 30min, naturally cooling to room temperature, mixing nano-silica powder with the heated almond shell filter, grinding, sieving with 100 mesh sieve, heating to 430 deg.C under nitrogen atmosphere, keeping the temperature for 1h, and naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain almond shell charcoal.
Preparation example 8
The preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 15g of soil enzyme and 1kg of water, wherein the soil enzyme is catalase and has the enzyme activity of 100000U/g.
And mixing the soil enzyme with water to obtain the soil enzyme preparation.
Preparation example 9
The preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 20g of soil enzyme and 1kg of water, wherein the soil enzyme is catalase and has the enzyme activity of 100000U/g.
And mixing the soil enzyme with water to obtain the soil enzyme preparation.
Preparation example 10
The preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 20g of soil enzyme, 80g of carob bean gum and 1kg of water, wherein the soil enzyme is catalase and has the enzyme activity of 100000U/g.
Mixing soil enzyme, carob bean and water to obtain soil enzyme preparation.
Preparation example 11
The preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps:
weighing 20g of soil enzyme, 100g of carob bean gum and 1kg of water, wherein the soil enzyme is catalase and has the enzyme activity of 100000U/g.
Mixing soil enzyme, carob bean and water to obtain soil enzyme preparation.
Comparative preparation example 1
The preparation method of the straw carbon comprises the following steps:
weighing 1kg of straw and 6kg of ethanol.
Chopping straws, stirring in ethanol for 15min, filtering to obtain a straw filter body, drying in a 50 ℃ oven for 1h, then putting the straw filter body into a high-temperature furnace, heating to 450 ℃ under the nitrogen atmosphere, preserving heat for 2h, naturally cooling to room temperature, grinding, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the straw charcoal.
Examples
Example 1
The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
1kg of maltodextrin-agar slurry obtained in preparation example 1, 2.5kg of acetonitrile and 300g of almond shell charcoal obtained in preparation example 3 were weighed.
Adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into acetonitrile, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating to 50 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 10000r/min for 20min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, washing the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres with water, soaking the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres in the soil enzyme preparation prepared in preparation example 8 for 30min, taking out the microspheres to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite with the average particle size of 0.07mm, covering the enzyme modified microspheres with the attapulgite, mixing for 2min to attach the attapulgite to the surfaces of the enzyme modified microspheres, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and drying the sieve residues in an oven at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the modifier.
The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of defining a soil area to be repaired, excavating the soil on the uppermost layer of the soil area, collecting 110kg of excavated soil, and mixing the excavated soil with 0.1kg of conditioner to obtain pre-improved soil, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 5 cm;
mixing and stirring pre-improved soil and 16.5kg of water to obtain improved soil slurry;
and pouring the improved soil slurry back to the soil area to be repaired, and ploughing the soil to complete construction.
Example 2
The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
1kg of maltodextrin-agar slurry obtained in preparation example 2, 2.5kg of acetonitrile, and 500g of almond shell charcoal obtained in preparation example 4 were weighed.
Adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into acetonitrile, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating to 70 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 20000r/min for 50min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, washing the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres with water, soaking the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres in the soil enzyme preparation prepared in preparation example 9 for 30min, taking out the microspheres to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite with the average particle size of 0.07mm, covering the enzyme modified microspheres with the attapulgite, mixing for 2min to attach the attapulgite to the surfaces of the enzyme modified microspheres, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and drying the screen residue in an oven at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the modifier.
The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of defining a soil area to be repaired, excavating the soil on the uppermost layer of the soil area, collecting 330kg of excavated soil, and mixing the excavated soil with 0.1kg of conditioner to obtain pre-improved soil, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 15 cm;
mixing and stirring pre-improved soil and 82.5kg of water to obtain improved soil slurry;
and pouring the improved soil slurry back to the soil area to be repaired, and ploughing the soil to complete construction.
Example 3
The preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
1kg of maltodextrin-agar slurry obtained in preparation example 1, 2.5kg of acetonitrile, and 300g of almond shell charcoal obtained in preparation example 3 were weighed.
Adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into acetonitrile, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating to 50 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 10000r/min for 20min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, washing the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres with water, soaking the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres in the soil enzyme preparation prepared in preparation example 8 for 30min, taking out the microspheres to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite with the average particle size of 0.07mm, covering the enzyme modified microspheres with the attapulgite, mixing for 2min to attach the attapulgite to the surfaces of the enzyme modified microspheres, sieving with a 50-mesh sieve, and drying the sieve residues in an oven at 50 ℃ for 1h to obtain the modifier.
The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of defining a soil area to be repaired, excavating the soil on the uppermost layer of the area, collecting 220kg of excavated soil, and mixing the excavated soil with 0.1kg of conditioner to obtain pre-improved soil, wherein the excavation depth of the soil is 10 cm;
mixing and stirring pre-improved soil and 44kg of water to obtain improved soil slurry;
and pouring the improved soil slurry back to the soil area to be repaired, and ploughing the soil to complete construction.
Examples 4 to 8
Examples 4 to 8 are different from example 3 in the ingredient preparation sources of the modifier, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Comparative example
Comparative example 1
The difference between the comparative example and the example 3 is that the modifier of the comparative example is maltodextrin-agar microspheres, and specifically, the preparation method of the modifier comprises the following steps:
1kg of maltodextrin-agar slurry obtained in preparation example 1 and 2.5kg of acetonitrile were weighed.
Adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into acetonitrile, stirring and mixing, heating to 50 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 10000r/min for 20min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar microspheres, washing the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres with water, and drying to obtain the modifier.
Comparative example 2
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that the almond hull charcoal was not prepared in the present comparative example, and in the preparation method of the modifier, the stalk charcoal of comparative preparation example 1 was used instead of the almond hull charcoal of preparation example 3.
Comparative example 3
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that no almond hull charcoal was prepared in the present comparative example, and no almond hull charcoal was added in the preparation method of the modifier.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that it did not prepare maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, and in the preparation method of the modifier, the same amount of almond shell charcoal was used instead of the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres.
Comparative example 5
The present comparative example is different from example 3 in that the present comparative example does not prepare a soil enzyme preparation, and in the preparation method of the conditioner, the maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres are not soaked with the soil enzyme preparation.
Comparative example 6
The comparative example is different from example 3 in that in the preparation method of the modifier, attapulgite is not used to be mixed with the enzyme-modified microspheres, and the enzyme-modified microspheres are used as the modifier.
Performance test
Before the construction of each embodiment and comparative example is started, a soil sample is selected from a soil area to be restored, the content of heavy metals (Pd, Cd, As and Cr) in the soil sample is measured, and the measurement results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
After the construction of each embodiment and comparative example is finished for 45 days, selecting a soil sample in the repaired soil area, measuring the content of heavy metals (Pd, Cd, As and Cr) in the soil sample, and calculating the purification rate of the heavy metals, wherein the purification rate is calculated by the following formula: (initial heavy metal content-heavy metal restoration content)/initial heavy metal content × 100%, and the measurement results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
The method for measuring the content of the heavy metal is carried out according to DB 37/T1305 and 2009 'method for rapidly measuring the microwave digestion of the heavy metal in the soil'.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
According to tables 2 and 3, comparing example 3 with comparative example 1, it can be known that soil can be improved and restored by using the conditioner of example 3, the soil has a relatively obvious purification effect on heavy metals such As Pd, Cd, As and Cr, and in the initial stage of restoration, the addition amount of almond hull carbon As biochar is relatively small, and the influence on the soil is relatively small, so that soil improvement and restoration are realized.
Compared with the comparative example 2, the comparison of the example 3 shows that under the premise of adopting the maltodextrin-agar wall material to coat the biochar, adding the soil enzyme preparation and adhering the attapulgite on the surface of the microsphere, the almond shell carbon is taken As the biochar, the soil improvement and restoration effect is better than that of the straw carbon, and the contents of Pd, Cd, As and Cr in the restored soil are reduced more obviously.
Comparing example 3 with comparative examples 3-6, it can be seen that the effects of almond shell charcoal, maltodextrin-agar wall material, soil enzyme preparation and attapulgite in the present application are mutually promoted, act together and well reduce the heavy metal content.
Compared with the embodiment 3, the embodiment 4-6 shows that the nano silicon dioxide powder is added, the prepared almond shell carbon has improved As and Cr purifying effect, the As and Cr purifying rate is higher, and the soil improvement and restoration effect is improved, and the almond shell carbon prepared by adding the nano silicon dioxide powder needs to be preheated at 160-180 ℃ after the almond shell filter body is preheated.
Comparing examples 7-8 with example 6, it is known that the soil enzyme preparation prepared by adding carob bean has improved effects in purifying Pd, As and Cr, and the Pd purification rate is improved more obviously, thereby further improving the soil improvement and remediation effects of the conditioner.
Claims (10)
1. A construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
excavating the soil on the upper layer of the soil area to be repaired, and mixing the excavated soil with a modifier to obtain pre-modified soil;
mixing and stirring the pre-improved soil and water according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.15-0.25) to obtain improved soil slurry;
pouring the improved soil slurry back to a soil area to be repaired, and turning over the improved soil slurry and the soil together to complete construction;
the preparation method of the modifying agent comprises the following steps: adding maltodextrin-agar slurry into a polar organic solvent, stirring and mixing, adding almond shell carbon, heating to 50-70 ℃, dispersing at a high speed of 10000-20000 r/min for 20-50 min, centrifuging and separating to obtain maltodextrin-agar coated microspheres, soaking the maltodextrin-agar microspheres in a soil enzyme preparation, taking out to obtain enzyme modified microspheres, adding the enzyme modified microspheres into attapulgite, mixing, sieving, and drying screen residues to obtain the modifier.
2. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the modifying agent to the excavated soil is 1 (1100-3300).
3. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the maltodextrin-agar slurry to the almond shell carbon is 100 (30-50).
4. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the maltodextrin-agar slurry comprises the following steps: stirring and mixing maltodextrin, agar, an emulsifier and water at 75-90 ℃ to obtain maltodextrin-agar slurry, wherein the weight ratio of the maltodextrin to the agar to the emulsifier to the water is (25-40): 60-70): 15-25): 100.
5. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps: chopping almond shells, stirring in ethanol for 15-30 min, filtering to obtain almond shell filter bodies, drying, heating the almond shell filter bodies to 450-480 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 1-2 h, cooling, and grinding to obtain almond shell charcoal.
6. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the almond shell charcoal comprises the following steps: cutting almond shells, stirring for 15-30 min in ethanol, filtering to obtain an almond shell filter body, drying, heating to 160-180 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 20-30 min, cooling, mixing nano silicon dioxide powder with the heated almond shell filter body, grinding, heating to 410-430 ℃ in an oxygen-isolated manner, preserving heat for 1-2 h, and cooling to obtain almond shell charcoal, wherein the weight ratio of the almond shells to the nano silicon dioxide powder is 1 (0.12-0.21).
7. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps: mixing soil enzyme with water to obtain a soil enzyme preparation, wherein the soil enzyme is urease or catalase, and the weight ratio of the soil enzyme to the water is (1.5-2): 1000.
8. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation method of the soil enzyme preparation comprises the following steps: mixing soil enzyme, carob bean and water to obtain a soil enzyme preparation, wherein the soil enzyme is urease or catalase, and the weight ratio of the soil enzyme, the carob bean and the water is (1.5-2): 8-10): 1000.
9. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the depth of the soil for excavating the upper layer is 5-15 cm.
10. The construction method for improving and repairing garden planting soil according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polar organic solvent is acetonitrile.
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| CN107652977A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of preparation method of soil conditioner |
| CN108840770A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 界首市红旭农业发展有限公司 | A kind of arid area pepper planting soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110463395A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of soil of greenbelt modification method suitable for the Northwest city built environment |
| AU2020102841A4 (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2020-12-17 | Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Binhai, Tianjin) | A soil improvement methods for saline-alkaline land |
| CN112521217A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 东莞市枫华园林工程有限公司 | Garden soil improvement process |
| CN113519230A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 南充市农业科学院 | Method for improving soil by utilizing straw organic fertilizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107652977A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of preparation method of soil conditioner |
| CN108840770A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-20 | 界首市红旭农业发展有限公司 | A kind of arid area pepper planting soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN110463395A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-19 | 西安建筑科技大学 | A kind of soil of greenbelt modification method suitable for the Northwest city built environment |
| AU2020102841A4 (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2020-12-17 | Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Binhai, Tianjin) | A soil improvement methods for saline-alkaline land |
| CN112521217A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-03-19 | 东莞市枫华园林工程有限公司 | Garden soil improvement process |
| CN113519230A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-10-22 | 南充市农业科学院 | Method for improving soil by utilizing straw organic fertilizer |
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