CN102633561A - Nutritious set meal special for soilless culture of cucumber, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nutritious set meal special for soilless culture of cucumber, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to nutritious set meal special for soilless culture of cucumber, and a preparation method and application thereof. The nutritious set meal special for the soilless culture of cucumber is prepared from a nutritious substrate and nutritious fertilizer according to the mass ratio of (98.5-99.5):(0.5-1.5), wherein the nutritious substrate is prepared by adding edible mushroom dregs, oil dregs, smoke dregs and sawdust into a microorganism bacterium agent to be fermented in a stepped manner and then adding calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and vermiculite; the nutritious fertilizer is prepared from urea and potassium sulphate according to a proportion; the nutritious substrate is used for planting cucumbers; the nutritious fertilizer is prepared into an aqueous solution, the mass ratio of which is 1:(800-1200); and the nutritious substrate and the nutritious fertilizer are applied in turn in a watering manner. According to the invention, industrial and agricultural wastes are compounded and fermented in a stepped manner, so that various organic matters are in different rotten states to form a solid nutritious substrate; and nutrient in the substrate and nutrient in the fertilizer are mutually matched and balanced through the assorted nutritious fertilizer, so that the cucumber nutrient is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize industrial and agricultural production waste residue and inorganic fertilizer preparation soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, belong to soilless culture and technical field of resource utilization.
Background technology
Soilless culture is the modern technique that extensively adopts in world's industrialized agriculture; Have plurality of advantages such as the soil-borne disease of avoiding insect pest and continuous cropping obstacle, utilization rate of fertilizer height, water saving and production controllability, become the reliable approach that the development pollution-free green food is produced.In recent years, the cultivation technique without soil of China has also had fast development.
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) belongs to Curcurbitaceae annual herb plant, generally carries out soilless culture in countries in the world, and the output of its soilless culture is only second to tomato.In China, cucumber soilless culture area accounts for the first place of each kind of vegetable soilless culture.Cucumber originates from fertile soil, loosens and is in throughout the year the tropical rain forest area of moisture state, and this makes cucumber in long-term phylogenetic process, form the characteristics such as root system environment nutrient content height that root system is undeveloped, the root system receptivity is weak, need.Therefore, use common soilless culture substrate, its nutrient situation can not satisfy cucumber high yield needs.In addition preparing nutrient solution is replenished nutrient and is existed again chemical reaction takes place between the nutrient according to the conventional method, is prone to produce deposition, makes problems such as nutrient supply is inhomogeneous.
Cucumber belongs to indeterminate growth type vegetables, and under the situation that conditions such as temperature are fit to, its breeding time, general crop was long, and particularly the cucumber of most of soilless culture all is under the facility state, and the artificial adjustment of temperature can make its bearing time reach 8-12 month.The prolongation of cucumber breeding time makes the essential property of culture substrate that very big variation take place.Organic type culture substrate organism seriously decomposes, rots, and makes original supporting role and nutrient supply effect all no longer adapt to the requirement of cucumber optimum growh; Inorganic culture substrate its character under the effect of materials such as cucumber root excretory organic acid also changes, and influences the good growth of cucumber.
On the other hand, industrial and agricultural production waste residues such as edible fungi residue, the dregs of fat, scarp, annual output is very big, and it is high to pile up the landfill disposal cost, and environment is polluted, and demands the approach of seeking to utilize again urgently.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of prior art, the present invention provides a kind of soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set.
The present invention also provides the preparation method and the application of soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set.
It is composite that the present invention utilizes different agriculture and industry wastes to carry out; And the method that adopts substep to ferment, make various organism be in the different states that becomes thoroughly decomposed, add fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate and inorganic components at last; Form the solid nutraceutical matrix; The nutrient situation that can offer cucumber according to matrix again prepares nutritious fertilizer in addition, makes that nutrient cooperatively interacts in nutrient and the fertilizer in the matrix, reaches the purpose that balance provides the cucumber nutrient jointly.The nutritious fertilizer part can be used through forms such as drip irrigation, pouring or sprinkling irrigations by wiring solution-forming.The present invention has obtained good effect through overtesting.
Technical scheme of the present invention is following:
A kind of soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set is made up of nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are (98.5～99.5): (0.5～1.5); Wherein,
Described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
180～250 parts of edible fungi residues,
80～120 parts of the dregs of fat,
150～250 parts of scarps,
150～250 parts of wood chips,
5～10 parts of microbiobacterial agents,
40～80 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
150～300 parts of vermiculites;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 40～70 parts in urea, 30～60 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
Above-mentioned nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively.
Said microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is EM composite fungus agent (EM is the abbreviation of EffectiveMicroorganesms), and it is that 5 sections 10 such as photosynthetic bacteria group, yeast flora, lactobacillus, actinomycete group, mycorhiza flora are belonged to more than 80 kind of mikrobe compound a kind of typing microbial inoculum of cultivating in same state.Be brown translucent liquid, the pH value is between 3.5～4.5.Market is on sale.
Described edible fungi residue is a depleted cultivating materials in the Edible Fungi, and staple is cotton seed hulls, crop straw, sawdust, edible fungus mycelium etc.Preferred mushroom cultivation waste material, the base-material staple is cotton seed hulls and corn cob.
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil, comprise soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat, the cottonseed dregs of fat or the Semen Brassicae campestris dregs of fat, can select one of them for use, use also capable of being combined.
Said scarp is a depleted tobacco leaf residue in the production of cigarettes process.Preferably, the organic content of scarp is greater than 50wt%.
Described wood chip is the crushed material of waste wood in the wood working process.Preferably, hardwood sawdust is crossed aperture 3.0mm sieve, and the physical environment held is more than half a year.
Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 14～16wt%, and is Powdered, particle diameter≤0.25mm; Market is on sale.
Described vermiculite particle diameter 2-4mm.
According to the present invention, one of preferred scheme: soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, nutraceutical matrix: the nutritious fertilizer mass ratio is 99.3: 0.7; Described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
220～240 parts of edible fungi residues,
85～95 parts of the dregs of fat,
170～190 parts of scarps,
190～210 parts of wood chips,
5.5～6.5 parts of microbiobacterial agents,
45～55 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
240～260 parts of vermiculites;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 48～52 parts in urea, 48～52 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
The preparation method of soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set of the present invention, step is following:
(1) by proportioning, get edible fungi residue 1/2nd, the dregs of fat 1/2nd, 1/2nd the mixing of scarp with wood chip, microbiobacterial agent; The moisture of adjustment compound is 55～65wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed; Timing when temperature rises to 50 ℃ kept 4～7 days; Timing when turning, temperature rise to 50 ℃ once more kept 3～5 days; Edible fungi residue, the dregs of fat, the scarp of residual content are added, and adjustment moisture is 50～55wt%, continues fermentation 8～12 days, middle turning 1～2 time; Material must ferment;
(2) by proportioning, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vermiculite are added in the fermentation material of step (1) preparation, placed 6-10 hour, dry or dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, must nutraceutical matrix;
(3) get urea and vitriolate of tartar by mass parts, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(4) by mass parts nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively, reinstall in the sack and promptly get.
Soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set of the present invention is used, and method is following:
With the nutraceutical matrix cultivating container (basin, dish or geosyncline) of packing into, water sufficient moisture, treat behind the anhydrous liquid level in nutraceutical matrix surface cucumber seeds to be sowed at the nutraceutical matrix surface, and then cover the nutraceutical matrix of 2 cm thicks; It is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 800-1200 begins to use successively through mode gradation in the full breeding cycle of cucumber of watering when cucumber seedling length to three slice true leaf.
Excellent results of the present invention:
1. reasonable to the nutrient supply of cucumber
The present invention be according to cucumber to nutrient demand particularly to the nutritional needs precise design of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, can satisfy cucumber and absorb, improve output.
2. make the pH value stabilization of nutraceutical matrix, be beneficial to cucumber growth
Because contain large amount of organic matter in the nutraceutical matrix, in the cucumber growth process, effects such as organic continuation decomposition and cucumber root secretory product have lot of organic acids and are discharged in the matrix, the acidity of matrix is increased, influence the healthy growth of cucumber.Added fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate in the matrix of the present invention, on the one hand can in and organic acid, the validity of fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate is improved, continuously supplying nutrients element phosphor, calcium, magnesium.
3 nutritious fertilizer solvabilities are good, avoid deposition to take place
The present invention combines matrix nutrition and fertilizer nutrition, is placed on the sedimentary phosphorus of easy formation, calcium nutrition in the matrix, and its fertilizer partly has only nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer; These two kinds of fertilizer solvabilities are good; Avoided nutritive medium to produce deposition, the homogeneity of influence fertilising improves fertilizer utilization efficiency; This fertilizer also can adopt forms such as drip irrigation, not blocking pipe simultaneously.
4. the physical behavior of nutraceutical matrix is good, the length of holding time
Organism in the matrix of the present invention adopts fractional fermentation method, the degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed difference.The short part of fermentation time can be kept good physical behavior of long period in the cucumber growth process, the long part of fermentation time then can better provide organotrophy.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further specified, but be not limited thereto.Raw material consumption umber among the embodiment is mass parts.Raw material is explained as follows:
Edible fungi residue is the cultivation waste material behind the cultivating white mushroom, and main raw material is cotton seed hulls and corn cob;
The dregs of fat are the depleted dregs of fat after the Shandong wide life limited-liability company production edible oil, for soya-bean oil slag, the peanut dregs of fat are pressed 1: 1 combination of mass ratio;
Scarp, depleted tobacco leaf waste residue in China Tobacco Henan Industrial Corporation's production process; Organic content 50～60wt%;
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 16wt%, and the emerging friendship in Kunyang, Yunnan fertilizer plant produces;
Vermiculite, the permanent vermiculite in source, Lingshou County, Hebei province source mill, particle diameter 2-4mm;
The microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent, and Jiangxi Tianyi Biologic Technology Development Co., Ltd. is on sale;
Wood chip is the poplar-branch crushed material.
Embodiment 1: soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, form by nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions, and wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
Edible fungi residue 250kg,
Dregs of fat 80kg,
Scarp 160kg,
Wood chip 250kg,
Microbiobacterial agent 5kg,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 60kg,
Vermiculite 200kg;
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: urea 60kg, vitriolate of tartar 40kg.
Is 99: 1 packings respectively with nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer by mass ratio.
The preparation method:
(1) gets edible fungi residue 125kg, dregs of fat 40kg, scarp 80kg, wood chip 250kg, microbiobacterial agent 5kg, mix.The moisture of adjustment compound is 63wt%, fermentation reactor system, and timing when temperature rises to more than 50 ℃ kept 7 days.Timing when turning, temperature rise to more than 50 ℃ once more kept 3 days.Remaining edible fungi residue 125kg, dregs of fat 40kg, scarp 80kg are added, adjustment moisture is 55wt% again, continues fermentation 12 days, middle turning 1 time.Material must ferment;
(2) fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 60kg, vermiculite 200kg are added in the fermentation material of step (1) preparation, mix, placed 10 hours.Dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, nutraceutical matrix;
(3) get urea 60kg, vitriolate of tartar 40kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(4) get nutraceutical matrix 49.5kg, nutritious fertilizer 0.5kg, pack is respectively packed both in the sack into again, soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set.
Embodiment 2: soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 99.5: 0.5,
Wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
Edible fungi residue 200kg,
Dregs of fat 100kg,
Scarp 200kg,
Wood chip 160kg,
Microbiobacterial agent 8kg,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 40kg,
Vermiculite 300kg;
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: urea 70kg, vitriolate of tartar 30kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 99.3: 0.7,
Wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
Edible fungi residue 230kg,
Dregs of fat 90kg,
Scarp 180kg,
Wood chip 200kg,
Microbiobacterial agent 6kg,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 50kg,
Vermiculite 250kg;
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: urea 50kg, vitriolate of tartar 50kg.
The preparation method:
(1) gets edible fungi residue 115kg, dregs of fat 45kg, scarp 90kg, wood chip 200kg, microbiobacterial agent 6kg, mix.The moisture of adjustment compound is 58wt%, fermentation reactor system, and timing when temperature rises to more than 50 ℃ kept 5 days.Timing when turning, temperature rise to more than 50 ℃ once more kept 5 days.Remaining edible fungi residue 115kg, dregs of fat 45kg, scarp 90kg are added, adjustment moisture is 50wt% again, continues fermentation 8 days, middle turning 1 time.Material must ferment;
(2) fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 50kg, vermiculite 250kg are added in the fermentation material of step (1) preparation, mix, placed 8 hours.Dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, nutraceutical matrix;
(3) get urea 50kg, vitriolate of tartar 50kg, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(4) get nutraceutical matrix 49.65kg, nutritious fertilizer 0.35kg, pack is respectively packed both in the sack into again, soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set.
Embodiment 4: soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are 98.7: 1.3,
Wherein, nutraceutical matrix raw material composition is:
Edible fungi residue 180kg,
Dregs of fat 120kg,
Scarp 250kg,
Wood chip 220kg,
Microbiobacterial agent 10kg,
Fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate 80kg,
Vermiculite 150kg;
The nutritious fertilizer raw material is formed: urea 40kg, vitriolate of tartar 60kg.
The preparation method is with embodiment 3.
Comparative Examples:
Common nutritional type culture substrate, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. produces, mainly be the organism that becomes thoroughly decomposed and flyash with 2: 1 mixed of mass ratio, and added nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (15-15-15) three element compound fertilizer that accounts for matrix weight 0.5wt%.
The effect of above embodiment 1～4 and Comparative Examples is following:
Test place: the county that conquers east, Shandong Province, Shandong Guangda Fertilizer Technology Co., Ltd. test farm;
Test period: year August in October, 2010 to 2011;
Supply the examination cucumber variety: excellent No. 30 of Tianjin;
Adopt pot experiment, 4 kinds of cucumber special nutrient sets establishing embodiment 1-4 are contrast totally 5 processing with Comparative Examples nutritional type culture substrate, and each handles repetition 8 times, and every basin is planted 2 of cucumber.The culture substrate of the nutraceutical matrix of embodiment 1-4 and Comparative Examples is packed in the cultivation tray, water sufficient moisture, treat behind the anhydrous liquid level in nutraceutical matrix surface cucumber seeds to be sowed at the nutraceutical matrix surface, and then cover the nutraceutical matrix of 2 cm thicks; It is that 1: 1000 the aqueous solution applies (from cucumber seedling length to three slice true leaf time begin) successively through the mode of watering in the cucumber growth whole process that the nutritious fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 is made into mass ratio, and Comparative Examples is only watered clear water.Other control measures are identical.Effect is seen table 1.
Table 1. is compared the effect of embodiment 1-4 with Comparative Examples
| The present invention | Stimulation ratio % |
| Embodiment 1 | 7.9 |
| Embodiment 2 | 7.3 |
| Embodiment 3 | 8.9 |
| Embodiment 4 | 6.2 |
Claims (5)
1. a soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set is characterized in that being made up of nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer two portions, and nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer mass ratio are (98.5～99.5): (0.5～1.5); Wherein,
Described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
180～250 parts of edible fungi residues,
80～120 parts of the dregs of fat,
150～250 parts of scarps,
150～250 parts of wood chips,
5～10 parts of microbiobacterial agents,
40～80 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
150～300 parts of vermiculites;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 40～70 parts in urea, 30～60 parts of vitriolate of tartar;
Said microbial fermentation microbial inoculum is the EM composite fungus agent.
2. soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described edible fungi residue is a depleted cultivating materials in the Edible Fungi;
The described dregs of fat are that the plant oil pressing factory utilizes squeezing process that raw material is pushed, comes unstuck and produce remaining residue behind the edible oil;
Said scarp is a depleted tobacco leaf residue in the production of cigarettes process;
Described wood chip be in the wood working process waste wood crushed material;
Described fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate contains Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 14～16wt%, and is Powdered, particle diameter≤0.25mm;
Described vermiculite particle diameter 2-4mm.
3. soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that nutraceutical matrix: the nutritious fertilizer mass ratio is 99.3: 0.7; Wherein,
Described nutraceutical matrix raw materials quality part is following:
220～240 parts of edible fungi residues,
85～95 parts of the dregs of fat,
170～190 parts of scarps,
190～210 parts of wood chips,
5.5～6.5 parts of microbiobacterial agents,
45～55 parts in fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate,
240～260 parts of vermiculites;
Described nutritious fertilizer raw materials quality part is: 48～52 parts in urea, 48～52 parts of vitriolate of tartar.
4. the preparation method of each said soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set of claim 1～3, step is following:
(1) by proportioning, get edible fungi residue 1/2nd, the dregs of fat 1/2nd, 1/2nd the mixing of scarp with wood chip, microbiobacterial agent; The moisture of adjustment compound is 55～65wt%, and fermentation reactor system becomes thoroughly decomposed; Timing when temperature rises to 50 ℃ kept 4～7 days; Timing when turning, temperature rise to 50 ℃ once more kept 3～5 days; Edible fungi residue, the dregs of fat, the scarp of residual content are added, and adjustment moisture is 50～55wt%, continues fermentation 8～12 days, middle turning 1～2 time; Material must ferment;
(2) by proportioning, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, vermiculite are added in the fermentation material of step (1) preparation, placed 6-10 hour, dry or dry to moisture content less than 20wt%, must nutraceutical matrix;
(3) get urea and vitriolate of tartar by mass parts, mix, get nutritious fertilizer;
(4) by mass parts nutraceutical matrix and nutritious fertilizer are packed respectively, reinstall in the sack and promptly get.
5. the application of each said soilless culture cucumber special nutrient set of claim 1～3, method is following:
With the nutraceutical matrix cultivating container of packing into, water sufficient moisture, treat behind the anhydrous liquid level in nutraceutical matrix surface cucumber seeds to be sowed at the nutraceutical matrix surface, and then cover the nutraceutical matrix of 2 cm thicks; It is 1 that nutritious fertilizer is made into mass ratio: the aqueous solution of 800-1200 begins to use successively through mode gradation in the full breeding cycle of cucumber of watering when cucumber seedling length to three slice true leaf.
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| CN108059501A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-05-22 | 东莞德盛肥料科技有限公司 | A kind of capsicum soilless culture combination fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN108440183A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-24 | 共同科技开发有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for cucumber high yield |
| CN110024659A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-19 | 福建农林大学 | A method of utilizing edible fungi residue production matrix and secondary use |
| CN111727845A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-02 | 东营职业学院 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding |
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| CN108059501A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2018-05-22 | 东莞德盛肥料科技有限公司 | A kind of capsicum soilless culture combination fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| CN108440183A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-08-24 | 共同科技开发有限公司 | A kind of organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof for cucumber high yield |
| CN110024659A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-19 | 福建农林大学 | A method of utilizing edible fungi residue production matrix and secondary use |
| CN111727845A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-10-02 | 东营职业学院 | Method for preparing vegetable seedling raising matrix and bio-organic fertilizer by using dairy cow padding |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102633561B (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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