CN101734960B

CN101734960B - Special organic fertilizer for leaf-vegetable organic vegetable and preparation method

Info

Publication number: CN101734960B
Application number: CN2009102312717A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜兴民; 李涛; 张�诚; 孙应胜; 李大刚
Original assignee: SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2009-12-18
Filing date: 2009-12-18
Publication date: 2010-12-15
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-18
Also published as: CN101734960A

Abstract

The invention relates to a special organic fertilizer for leaf-vegetable organic vegetables, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 300-400 parts of mushroom residues of edible mushrooms, 300-400 parts of xylitol residues, 100-200 parts of cakes, 100-200 parts of cottonseed hulls and 10-20 parts of microorganism inoculants. The invention also provides a method for preparing the organic fertilizer. The special organic fertilizer is strong in pertinence, safe to product, difficult to cause de-fertilization of vegetable in the growth period, and has high yield and favorable quality of the leaf vegetables applying the special organic fertilizer, and nutrient release time in the organic fertilizer generally accords with the absorption requirements of the leaf vegetables.

Description

Special organic fertilizer for leaf vegetables and organic vegetables and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer special for organic vegetables, in particular to an organic fertilizer special for leaf vegetables and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production.

Background

The vegetables are indispensable food for people with three meals a day. According to statistics, the daily consumption of vegetables is 0.5-1.0 kg per capita nationwide. In the current vegetable planting, although chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and plant growth regulators are frequently used, the yield is greatly improved, but the problems of harmful substance residue and the like are also brought, and the health of people is threatened. With the increasing living standard of people, the requirements of domestic and foreign consumers on food safety are higher and higher, and organic food is concerned by more people.

The organic vegetables are vegetable products which come from an organic agricultural production system, are produced and processed according to international organic agricultural production requirements and corresponding standards without using any chemical substances such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers and the like which are synthesized by harmful chemicals in the production area and the production process and are certified by an independent organic food certification authority for human consumption. Organic food is known as "the sunward industry" and has a wide market. A lecture analysis published by the food and agricultural organization of the United nations shows that the sales of organic agricultural products in the market of some countries increases by more than 20% in the past 10 years, which is in sharp contrast to the stopping of the conventional food market.

At present, a plurality of organic vegetable production bases are established in China, and the organic vegetable production bases are responsible for supplying domestic markets and exporting. The problem of fertilizing these vegetables is not well solved. The organic fertilizer varieties mainly come from the existing products in the market, and are not specially used for the varieties of organic vegetables. Therefore, two problems are generated, firstly, the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer is unstable, the proportion of main nutrient elements is unreasonable, and the yield of the organic vegetables is greatly reduced. And secondly, some organic fertilizers contain harmful substances, for example, organic fertilizers produced by taking animal wastes as main raw materials contain feed additive residues, organic fertilizers produced by taking biochemical sludge of sewage treatment plants as main raw materials contain heavy metals and the like, and even if the vegetables are completely operated according to the production standard of organic agricultural products, the safety of the products is difficult to guarantee by applying the organic fertilizers.

The leaf vegetables are mainly edible stems and leaves and have short growth cycle, and mainly comprise Chinese cabbage, pakchoi, rape, cabbage, celery and the like. The nutrient requirements of the vegetables are similar, namely the requirement for nitrogen fertilizer is relatively high, the requirement for phosphorus and potassium is low, and the nutrient release period of the organic fertilizer cannot be too long due to the short growth period of the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus and potassium. Meanwhile, the vegetables grow faster in the later period, and the organic fertilizer is decomposed excessively and is easy to cause the later-period fertilizer removal. The existing organic fertilizer production mode needs to be changed, so that the nutrient release in the organic fertilizer meets the nutrient absorption requirement of leaf vegetables, and the report on the aspect is not seen at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a special organic fertilizer for leaf vegetables and organic vegetables and a preparation method thereof.

Summary of the invention

According to the nutrient requirement rule of the leaf vegetables (including the proportion of main nutrient elements and the quantity of absorbed nutrients in different growth stages), clean industrial byproducts and natural organic materials are used as raw materials, the content of main nutrient substances in different raw materials and the difficulty degree of fermentation and decomposition of various raw materials are utilized to carry out reasonable matching and sectional fermentation and decomposition, so that the proportion and the release time of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a final product substantially meet the absorption requirement of the leaf vegetables, and field tests are carried out to obtain obvious effects.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the special organic fertilizer for the leaf vegetables is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:

300-400 parts of edible fungus residues

300-400 parts of xylitol slag

100-200 parts of cake dregs

100-200 parts of cottonseed hull

10-20 parts of microbial fermentation inoculant

The edible fungus dregs are waste cultivation materials in the production process of edible fungi, the main components are cottonseed hulls, crop straws, sawdust, edible fungus mycelia and the like, the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 wt%.

The xylitol residue is waste residue produced in the process of producing xylitol by taking corncobs and bagasse as raw materials, the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 wt%.

The cake dregs are selected from bean cake, peanut cake or rape cake. A commercially available product.

The cottonseed hulls are discarded in the cottonseed oil pressing process, and the organic matter content of the cottonseed hulls is more than 60 wt%.

The microbial fermentation inoculum is an EM composite inoculum (EM is short for efficient microorganisms), and is a fixed-type inoculum which is obtained by compositely culturing more than 80 microorganisms of 10 genera of 5 families, such as photosynthetic flora, yeast flora, lactic acid flora, actinomycete flora, mycorrhizal flora and the like in the same state. The liquid is brown semitransparent liquid, and the pH value is between 3.5 and 4.5. Is commercially available.

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for the leaf vegetables comprises the following steps:

(1) raw material preparation

Crushing the edible fungus residues into small blocks with the particle size of less than 2-3 mm, airing until the water content is below 25 wt%, airing the xylitol residues until the water content is below 25 wt%, then crushing and sieving by a sieve of 10-20 meshes, crushing the cake and sieving by a sieve of 20 meshes, and crushing the cottonseed hulls and sieving by a sieve of 10 meshes.

(2) Weighing the raw materials according to the formula in parts by mass, and fully and uniformly mixing xylitol residue and cottonseed hull, one half of edible fungus residue, one third of cake meal and one half of microbial fermentation inoculant. Adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65 wt% and the pH value of the mixture to 7-7.5. Fermenting for 14-21 days according to the prior art. And mixing the rest of the edible fungus residues, the cake dregs and the microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content, and fermenting for 18-24 days. Obtaining the fermented organic fertilizer.

Drying the fermented organic fertilizer until the water content is less than 20 wt% to obtain a powdery product; or,

and granulating the fermented organic fertilizer according to the prior art to obtain a granular product.

The special organic fertilizer for the leaf vegetable organic vegetables can be applied to the production of the leaf vegetable organic vegetables, wherein the leaf vegetable vegetables comprise Chinese cabbage, common head cabbage, rape, celery, spinach, coriander, crowndaisy chrysanthemum and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the special organic fertilizer is prepared by selecting different organic raw materials according to the nutrient requirements of leaf vegetables and the nutrient contents of various organic matters and carrying out matched fermentation, and has strong pertinence.

2. The raw materials of the special organic fertilizer do not contain harmful substances, do not pollute soil and are safe to products.

3. The special organic fertilizer is subjected to sectional fermentation and decomposition according to the difficulty of fermentation and decomposition of various raw materials, so that the release time of nutrients in a final product roughly meets the absorption requirement of leaf vegetables, and the phenomenon of fertilizer removal of the vegetables in the growth period is not easy to cause.

4. Compared with the application of the same amount of common organic fertilizer, the yield of the leaf vegetables applied with the special organic fertilizer is improved by more than 10 percent, and the quality is improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.

The edible fungus residue is a cultivation waste material obtained after the oyster mushroom is cultivated by using corn straws as a raw material, the organic matter content is 50 wt%, the total nitrogen content is 1.43 wt%, the total phosphorus content is 0.66 wt%, the total potassium content is 2.32 wt%, and the pH value is 7.46.

The xylose residue is waste residue produced in the process of producing xylose by taking corncobs as raw materials by Shandong Longli biological science and technology limited company, and contains 60 wt% of organic matter, 0.76 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.77 wt% of total phosphorus and 0.29 wt% of total potassium.

Cottonseed hull, a byproduct in the production of cottonseed oil by Shandong Guang Sun and moon grease GmbH, contains 8.89 wt% of water, 65.12 wt% of organic matter, 1.06 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.61 wt% of total phosphorus and 1.43 wt% of total potassium.

The cake dregs are bean dregs, byproducts in the process of producing soybean oil by Shandong Guang Sun and moon grease GmbH, and the water content of the cake dregs is 6.4 wt%, the organic matter content of the cake dregs is 65 wt%, the total nitrogen content of the cake dregs is 2.00 wt%, the total phosphorus content of the cake dregs is 0.56 wt%, and the total potassium content of the cake dregs is 0.06 wt%.

The microbial fermentation inoculum is EM composite inoculum, and is produced by Tianyi biotechnology development limited company in Jiangxi province.

In the examples, the raw materials are used in parts by mass, and all percentages are by mass.

Example 1:

the formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 400 parts of edible fungus residues, 400 parts of xylitol residues, 100 parts of cake meal, 100 parts of cottonseed hulls and 10 parts of microbial fermentation inoculants.

(1) Raw material preparation

Crushing the edible fungus dregs into small blocks with the grain diameter smaller than 3 mm, airing the water content to 24 wt%, airing the xylitol dregs to 24 wt%, then crushing and screening the small blocks by a 10-mesh sieve, crushing and screening the cake dregs by a 20-mesh sieve, and crushing and screening the cottonseed hulls by a 10-mesh sieve.

(2) Taking 400 parts of the edible fungus residues, 400 parts of xylitol residues, 100 parts of cake dregs, 100 parts of cottonseed hulls and 10 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum prepared in the step (1), wherein the xylitol residues and the cottonseed hulls, one half of the edible fungus residues, one third of the cake dregs and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum are fully and uniformly mixed. The mix was adjusted to 58% moisture, pH7. Fermenting for 21 days according to the prior art. Mixing the rest edible fungus residue, cake and microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 58 wt%, and fermenting for 18 days. And (4) airing the water content of the fermented organic fertilizer to 20% by weight to obtain a powdery product.

Example 2:

the formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 300 parts of edible fungus residues, 300 parts of xylitol residues, 200 parts of cake meal, 200 parts of cottonseed hulls and 20 parts of microbial fermentation inoculants.

(1) Raw material preparation

Crushing the edible fungus residues into small blocks with the particle size of less than 2 mm, airing to about 24 wt% of water content, airing to about 24 wt% of xylitol residues, then crushing and sieving by a 20-mesh sieve, crushing and sieving cake dregs by a 20-mesh sieve, and crushing and sieving cottonseed hulls by a 10-mesh sieve.

(2) And (2) taking 300 parts of the edible fungus residues, 300 parts of xylitol residues, 200 parts of cake dregs, 200 parts of cottonseed hulls and 20 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum prepared in the step (1), wherein the xylitol residues and the cottonseed hulls are all fully and uniformly mixed, one half of the edible fungus residues, one third of the cake dregs and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum. The moisture of the mix was adjusted to 63%, pH 7.5. Fermenting for 14 days according to the prior art. Mixing the rest edible fungus residue, cake and microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 63 wt%, and fermenting for 24 days. And (3) granulating the fermented organic fertilizer according to the prior art, and drying until the moisture content is 20% t to obtain a granular product.

Example 3:

the formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 350 parts of edible fungus residues, 350 parts of xylitol residues, 150 parts of cake dregs, 150 parts of cottonseed hulls and 15 parts of microbial fermentation inoculants.

(1) The starting materials were prepared as in example 1.

(2) And (2) taking 350 parts of the edible fungus residues, 350 parts of xylitol residues, 150 parts of cake dregs, 150 parts of cottonseed hulls and 15 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum prepared in the step (1), wherein the xylitol residues and the cottonseed hulls are all fully and uniformly mixed, one half of the edible fungus residues, one third of the cake dregs and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum. The water content of the mixture was adjusted to 60% wt, pH 7.2. Fermenting for 18 days according to the prior art. Mixing the rest edible fungus residue, cake and microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 20 days. And airing the fermented organic fertilizer until the water content is 20 wt% to obtain a powdery product.

Example 4:

the formula comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 400 parts of edible fungus residues, 300 parts of xylitol residues, 200 parts of cake meal, 100 parts of cottonseed hulls and 15 parts of microbial fermentation inoculants.

(1) The starting materials were prepared as in example 2.

(2) Taking 400 parts of the edible fungus residues, 300 parts of xylitol residues, 200 parts of cake dregs, 100 parts of cottonseed hulls and 15 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum prepared in the step (1), wherein the xylitol residues and the cottonseed hulls, one half of the edible fungus residues, one third of the cake dregs and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum are fully and uniformly mixed. The water content of the mixture was adjusted to 60% wt, pH 7.2. Fermenting for 18 days according to the prior art. Mixing the rest edible fungus residue, cake and microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting water content to 60 wt%, and fermenting for 20 days. And airing the fermented organic fertilizer until the water content is 20 wt% to obtain a powdery product.

Comparative example: the common organic fertilizer is produced by scientific and technological limited company of Shandong Guang fertilizer industry, the content of organic matters is 38.6 wt%, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4.72 wt%.

The field experiment application effects of the above examples 1-4 and comparative examples are as follows:

experimental site: the Shandong province chats cities, and is cultivated in open field for 8-10 months in 2009.

The tested vegetables were cabbage (lubai No. 8), cabbage (zhonggan No. 11), canola (beijing 1) and celery (celery), the corresponding fertilizers were example 1, example 2, example 3 and example 4, respectively, and the comparative fertilizer was used as a control for each test. Comparative example fertilizers were applied to chinese cabbage, common head cabbage, canola and celery in the same manner as the example fertilizers. And (5) cultivating in open field. The fertilizer dosage of the example and the comparative example is the same, 300 kilograms per mu, and all the fertilizers are applied before sowing. The application method comprises planting Chinese cabbage and common head cabbage in planting hole, mixing with soil, and planting on the surface. The small rape and celery are uniformly spread after being ploughed, and then the seeds are spread and the land is uniformly harrowed.

TABLE 1 Effect of the fertilizer of the invention

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer	Vegetable for test	Compared with the comparative example, the yield increasing efficiency is%
			Example 1	Chinese cabbage	18.2

Example 2	Common head cabbage	15.3
			Example 3	Rape seed	10.9
Example 4	Celery	14.5

Claims

1. The organic fertilizer special for the leaf vegetables is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass:

300-400 parts of edible fungus residues,

300-400 parts of xylitol slag,

100-200 parts of cake dregs,

100-200 parts of cotton seed hulls,

10-20 parts of a microbial fermentation inoculant;

the edible fungus residues are waste cultivation materials in the production process of edible fungi, the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 wt%;

the xylitol residue is waste residue produced in the process of producing xylitol by taking corncobs and bagasse as raw materials, the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%, and the organic matter content is more than or equal to 50 wt%;

the organic matter content of the cottonseed hulls is more than 60 wt%;

the microbial fermentation inoculant is an EM composite inoculant.

2. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for the leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 1 comprises the following steps:

(1) raw material preparation

Crushing the edible fungus residues into small blocks with the particle size of less than 2-3 mm, airing until the water content is below 25 wt%, airing the xylitol residues until the water content is below 25 wt%, then crushing and sieving by a sieve of 10-20 meshes, crushing the cake and sieving by a sieve of 20 meshes, and crushing the cottonseed hulls and sieving by a sieve of 10 meshes;

(2) weighing raw materials according to the mass parts, and fully and uniformly mixing xylitol residues and all cottonseed hulls, one half of edible fungus residues, one third of cake dregs and one half of microbial fermentation inoculum; adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 55-65 wt% and the pH value to be 7-7.5; fermenting for 14-21 days according to the prior art; mixing the rest of the edible fungus residues, the cake dregs and the microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content, and fermenting for 18-24 days; obtaining the fermented organic fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer special for the leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 2, wherein the moisture content of the fermented organic fertilizer is dried to less than 20 wt% to obtain a powdered product.

4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer special for the leaf vegetables as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fermented organic fertilizer is granulated according to the prior art to obtain granular products.