CN101734959B

CN101734959B - Special organic fertilizer for solanaceous fruit organic vegetables and preparing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN101734959B
Application number: CN2009102312702A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 姜兴民; 李涛; 张�诚; 孙应胜; 李大刚
Original assignee: SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: SHANDONG GUANGDA FERTILIZER TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Priority date: 2009-12-18
Filing date: 2009-12-18
Publication date: 2010-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 2029-12-18
Also published as: CN101734959A

Abstract

The invention relates to a special organic fertilizer for solanaceous fruit organic vegetables and a preparing method thereof. The organic fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 250-400 parts of furfural, 300-450 parts of cotton seed hulls, 150-250 parts of weathered coal, 50-150 parts of grouts and 10-20 parts of microorganism fermentation strains. According to the nutrient requirement of the solanaceous fruit vegetable and the nutrient content of various organic matters, the special organic fertilizer is prepared from different organic raw materials through mixing and fermentation, has strong pertinence, and is free from harmful substances. According to the difficulty degree of the fermentation and decomposition of various raw materials, the fermentation and rotten are carried out by sections, therefore, the nutrient release time in the final product satisfies the absorbing requirements of the solanaceous fruit vegetables, the vegetable is strong in the time of infertility, and has high yield and good quality.

Description

Special organic fertilizer for solanaceous organic vegetables and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer special for organic vegetables, in particular to an organic fertilizer special for solanaceous organic vegetables and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer production.

Background

At present, in the planting process of vegetables, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides and plant growth regulators are frequently used, the yield level is greatly improved, and meanwhile, the residues of various harmful substances in products are brought, so that the health of people is threatened. Therefore, healthy and safe organic vegetables are more and more accepted by consumers at home and abroad.

The organic vegetables are vegetable products which come from an organic agricultural production system, are produced and processed according to international organic agricultural production requirements and corresponding standards without using any chemical substances such as pesticides, chemical fertilizers and the like which are synthesized by harmful chemicals in a production place and a production process and are certified by an independent organic food certification authority and are eaten by human beings.

At present, a plurality of organic vegetable production bases are established in China, and the organic vegetable production bases are responsible for supplying domestic markets and exporting. The problem of fertilizing these vegetables is not well solved. The organic fertilizer varieties mainly come from the existing products in the market, and are not specially used for the varieties of organic vegetables. Therefore, two problems are generated, firstly, the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer is unstable, the proportion of main nutrient elements is unreasonable, and the yield of the organic vegetables is greatly reduced. And secondly, some organic fertilizers contain harmful substances, for example, organic fertilizers produced by taking animal wastes as main raw materials contain feed additive residues, organic fertilizers produced by taking biochemical sludge of sewage treatment plants as main raw materials contain heavy metals and the like, and even if the vegetables are completely operated according to the production standard of organic agricultural products, the safety of the products is difficult to guarantee by applying the organic fertilizers.

Solanaceous vegetables are vegetables which mainly take fresh and tender fruits for eating and have relatively long growth cycle, and mainly comprise cucumbers, tomatoes, hot peppers and the like. The nutrient requirements of the vegetables are similar, compared with leaf vegetables, the nutrient-free organic fertilizer has the advantages that the phosphorus and potassium requirements in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium element fertilizer are relatively high, the nitrogen fertilizer requirement is low, and the nutrient release period in the organic fertilizer is required to be long due to the long growth period of the vegetables so as to avoid the later-period fertilizer release. The existing organic fertilizer fermentation technology generally ferments all raw materials together to release most of nutrients in organic matters, which is unfavorable for the later fruit growth of solanaceous vegetables. If the organic fertilizer is applied to the soil surface, the effect is poor, and the root systems of the vegetables can be damaged by ditching and fertilizing. In order to solve the problems, the existing production mode of the organic fertilizer needs to be changed, so that the nutrient release in the organic fertilizer meets the nutrient absorption requirement of solanaceous vegetables, and no report on the aspect is found at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a special organic fertilizer for solanaceous organic vegetables and a preparation method thereof.

According to the nutrient requirement rule of the solanaceous fruit vegetables (including the proportion of main nutrient elements and the quantity of absorbed nutrients in different growth stages), clean industrial byproducts and natural organic materials are used as raw materials, the content of main nutrient substances in different raw materials and the difficulty degree of fermentation and decomposition of various raw materials are utilized to carry out reasonable matching and sectional fermentation and decomposition, so that the proportion and the release time of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a final product substantially meet the absorption requirement of the solanaceous fruit vegetables, and field experiments are carried out, so that an obvious effect is achieved.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the special organic fertilizer for solanaceous organic vegetables is prepared from the following components in parts by mass:

250-400 parts of furfural slag

300-450 parts of cottonseed hull

150-250 parts of weathered coal

50-150 parts of cake meal

10-20 parts of microbial fermentation inoculant

The furfural residues are residues generated in the furfural manufacturing process by taking corncobs as main raw materials, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 38 wt%, and the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%.

The cottonseed hulls are discarded in the cottonseed oil pressing process, the organic matter content of the cottonseed hulls is more than or equal to 60 wt%, and the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.

The weathered coal is a product of the ground surface or shallow layer of lignite, bituminous coal and anthracite which are weathered after long-term comprehensive action such as atmospheric, sunlight, rain and snow, underground water, mineral erosion and the like, contains abundant humic acid and various nutrient elements required by crops, has the granularity of less than or equal to 80 meshes, and is a commercially available product.

The cake dregs are selected from bean cakes, peanut cakes or rape cakes, and are sieved by a 20-mesh sieve. A commercially available product.

The microbial fermentation inoculum is an EM composite inoculum (EM is short for efficient microorganisms), and is a fixed-type inoculum which is obtained by compositely culturing more than 80 microorganisms of 10 genera of 5 families, such as photosynthetic flora, yeast flora, lactic acid flora, actinomycete flora, mycorrhizal flora and the like in the same state. The liquid is brown semitransparent liquid, and the pH value is between 3.5 and 4.5. Is commercially available.

The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for solanaceous organic vegetables comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing the furfural residues into small pieces with the particle size of less than 2-3 mm, airing until the water content is below 25 wt%, crushing cottonseed hulls and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and crushing cake dregs and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve.

(2) The raw materials of the cottonseed hulls and the weathered coal are weighed according to the mass proportion, and are fully and uniformly mixed with 1/2 of the dosage of the microbial fermentation inoculum. Adjusting the water content of the mixture to 55-65 wt% and the pH value of the mixture to 7-7.5. Fermenting for 14-21 days according to the prior art. Mixing the furfural residue and the rest of microbial fermentation inoculum with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 55-65 wt% and the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and fermenting for 18-24 days to obtain the fermented material.

(3) And (3) soaking the cake in water for 8-12 hours, steaming or boiling for 15-30 minutes, adding the cake and the liquid into the fermentation material prepared in the step (2), and uniformly mixing to obtain the fermented material.

Further, in the above-mentioned case,

airing or drying the fertilizer uniformly mixed in the step (3) until the moisture content is less than 20 wt% to obtain a powdery product; or,

and (4) granulating the fertilizer uniformly mixed in the step (3) according to the prior art to obtain a granular product.

The amount of water used for soaking the cake in the step (3) with water is not strictly limited, and the soaked cake can be soaked completely, and the person skilled in the art can make routine selection according to common knowledge.

When the special organic fertilizer is applied to solanaceous vegetables, 400-600 kg of organic fertilizer per mu is applied before sowing. The application method is that the fertilizer is applied into planting holes during planting, mixed with soil and planted on the soil. The solanaceous vegetables include cucumber, tomato, pumpkin, eggplant, pepper, pimento, wax gourd, pumpkin, towel gourd, etc.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the special organic fertilizer is prepared by selecting different organic raw materials according to the nutrient requirements of solanaceous vegetables and the nutrient contents of various organic matters, and is prepared by matching and fermenting, and has strong pertinence.

2. The raw materials of the special organic fertilizer do not contain harmful substances, do not pollute soil and are safe to products.

3. The special organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed in sections according to the difficulty of fermentation and decomposition of various raw materials, so that the release time of nutrients in a final product roughly meets the absorption requirements of solanaceous vegetables, the vegetables are robust in the whole growth period, and have more fruits and high yield.

4. Compared with the application of the common organic fertilizer with the same quantity, the vegetable yield of the special organic fertilizer is improved by 10-20%, and the quality is improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples. The raw materials used in the examples are illustrated below:

the furfural residues are waste residues generated in the process of producing furfural by using corncobs as main raw materials by Henan Macro-chemical Limited company, and comprise 38 wt% of organic matter, 1.67 wt% of total nitrogen, 1.00 wt% of total phosphorus and 1.40 wt% of total potassium.

Cottonseed hull, a byproduct in the production of cottonseed oil by Shandong Guang Sun and moon grease GmbH, contains 8.89 wt% of water, 65.12 wt% of organic matter, 1.06 wt% of total nitrogen, 0.61 wt% of total phosphorus and 1.43 wt% of total potassium.

Weathered coal, produced by Yaoyi City of Shanxi province, 57 wt% of organic matter, 0.69 wt% of total nitrogen, 1.33 wt% of total phosphorus and 0.03 wt% of total potassium.

The cake dregs are bean dregs, byproducts in the process of producing soybean oil by Shandong Guang Sun and moon grease GmbH, and the water content of the cake dregs is 6.4 wt%, the organic matter content of the cake dregs is 65 wt%, the total nitrogen content of the cake dregs is 2.00 wt%, the total phosphorus content of the cake dregs is 0.56 wt%, and the total potassium content of the cake dregs is 0.06 wt%.

The microbial fermentation inoculum is EM composite inoculum, and is produced by Tianyi biotechnology development limited company in Jiangxi province.

In the examples, the raw materials are used in parts by mass, and all percentages are by mass.

Example 1: the special organic fertilizer for the solanaceous organic vegetables comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass:

300 parts of furfural residue

400 parts of cottonseed hull

Weathered coal 200 parts

Cake 100 parts

20 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum.

(1) Raw material preparation

Crushing the furfural residues into small pieces with the particle size of less than 2 mm, airing until the water content is below 25 wt%, crushing cottonseed hulls and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and crushing cake dregs and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve.

(2) Taking 400 parts of cottonseed hulls, 200 parts of weathered coal and 10 parts of microbial fermentation inoculant, and fully and uniformly mixing. The moisture of the mix was adjusted to 55 wt%, pH7. Fermenting for 21 days according to the prior art. Mixing 10 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum and 300 parts of furfural residues with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 55 wt% and the pH value to 6.8, and fermenting for 18 days. Obtaining the fermented material.

(3) Soaking 100 parts of cake (soybean meal) in 150 parts of water for 8 hours, adding a proper amount of water before boiling, keeping boiling for 30 minutes, adding the mixture and liquid into the fermentation material obtained in the step (2), uniformly mixing, and airing until the water content is 20 wt% to obtain a powdery product.

The fertilizer is especially suitable for summer squash or wax gourd.

Example 2:

(1) preparing raw materials: crushing the furfural residues into small pieces with the particle size of less than 3 mm, airing to the moisture content of below 25 wt%, crushing cottonseed hulls and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and crushing cake dregs and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve.

(2) 450 parts of cottonseed hulls, 150 parts of weathered coal and 8 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum are fully and uniformly mixed. The water content of the mixture was adjusted to 60 wt%, pH 7.5. Fermenting for 18 days according to the prior art. Mixing 8 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum, 250 parts of furfural residues and the fermented raw materials together, adjusting the water content to 60 wt% and the pH value to 7.2, and fermenting for 21 days. Obtaining the fermented material.

(3) 150 parts of cake meal is soaked in 300 parts of water for 12 hours, boiled for 15 minutes, added into the fermentation material together with liquid, mixed evenly, and granulated according to the prior art to obtain granular fertilizer products.

The fertilizer is especially suitable for cucumbers.

Example 3:

(1) the starting materials were prepared as in example 1.

(2) Taking 300 parts of cottonseed hulls, 250 parts of weathered coal and 5 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum, wherein the whole parts of the cottonseed hulls and the weathered coal and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum are fully and uniformly mixed. The water content of the mixture was adjusted to 65% wt, pH 7.2. Fermenting for 14 days according to the prior art. Mixing 5 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum and 400 parts of furfural residues with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 65 wt% and the pH value to 7.0, and fermenting for 24 days. Obtaining the fermented material.

(3) 50 parts of cake meal is soaked in 100 parts of water for 10 hours, boiled for 25 minutes, added into the fermentation material together with liquid and uniformly mixed, and the water content is cooled to 20 wt%, so that a powdery product is obtained.

The fertilizer is particularly suitable for tomatoes, hot peppers or sweet peppers.

Example 4:

(1) the starting materials were prepared as in example 2.

(2) 350 parts of cottonseed hulls, 220 parts of weathered coal and 7 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum are taken, wherein the whole parts of the cottonseed hulls and the weathered coal and one half of the microbial fermentation inoculum are fully and uniformly mixed. The water content of the mixture was adjusted to 60% wt, pH 7.5. Fermenting for 18 days according to the prior art. Mixing 7 parts of microbial fermentation inoculum and 350 parts of furfural residues with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 60 wt% and the pH value to 7.0, and fermenting for 21 days. Obtaining the fermented material.

(3) 80 parts of cake meal is soaked in 200 parts of water for 12 hours, boiled for 20 minutes, added into the fermentation material together with liquid and uniformly mixed, and the water content is cooled to 20 wt%, so that a powdery product is obtained.

The fertilizer is particularly suitable for eggplants or loofahs.

Comparative example: the common organic fertilizer is produced by Shandong Guang Dafei fertilizer science and technology Limited, the content of organic matters is 38.6 wt%, and the total nutrient of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4.72%.

The application effects of the above examples 1-4 and comparative examples are as follows:

test site: in Taishan mountain City of Shandong province, cucumbers, tomatoes, summer squash and eggplants are all cultivated in a shed autumn delayed mode, and the cultivation time is 7-11 months in 2009.

The test vegetables were cucumber, tomato, zucchini and eggplant, the correspondingly applied fertilizers were example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, respectively, and the comparative examples were cucumber, tomato, zucchini and eggplant, respectively, each test being controlled with the comparative example fertilizer. And (5) cultivating in a protected area. The fertilizer dosage of the examples and the comparative example is the same, 500 kg per mu, and all the fertilizers are applied before sowing. The application method is that the fertilizer is applied into planting holes during planting, mixed with soil and planted on the soil.

TABLE 1 Effect of the fertilizer of the invention

The invention relates to an organic fertilizer	Vegetable for test	Compared with the comparative fertilizer, the yield-increasing effect is%
			Example 1	Pumpkin (Zhenyu No. 9)	19.6

Example 2	Cucumber (jin you No. 1)	17.1
			Example 3	Tomato (FA-189 tomato)	12.3
Example 4	Eggplant (Long eggplant selected)	15.6

Claims

1. The organic fertilizer special for solanaceous organic vegetables is characterized by being prepared from the following components in parts by mass:

250-400 parts of furfural residues,

300-450 parts of cotton seed hulls,

150-250 parts of weathered coal,

50-150 parts of cake meal,

10-20 parts of a microbial fermentation inoculant,

the furfural residues are waste residues generated in the furfural manufacturing process by taking corncobs as main raw materials, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 38 wt%, and the water content is less than or equal to 25 wt%;

the cottonseed hulls are discarded in the cottonseed oil pressing process, the organic matter content of the cottonseed hulls is more than or equal to 60 wt%, and the cottonseed hulls are sieved by a 10-mesh sieve;

the microbial fermentation inoculant is an EM composite inoculant.

2. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for solanaceous fruit organic vegetables, which is disclosed by claim 1, comprises the following steps:

(1) crushing the furfural residues into small pieces with the particle size of less than 2-3 mm, airing until the water content is below 25 wt%, crushing cottonseed hulls and sieving with a 10-mesh sieve, and crushing cake dregs and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve;

(2) weighing the raw materials of cottonseed hulls and weathered coal according to the mass ratio, and fully and uniformly mixing the raw materials of cottonseed hulls and weathered coal with 1/2 which is the amount of the microbial fermentation inoculum; adjusting the water content of the mixture to be 55-65 wt% and the pH value to be 7-7.5; fermenting for 14-21 days according to the prior art; mixing the furfural residue and the rest of microbial fermentation inoculant with the fermented raw materials, adjusting the water content to 55-65 wt% and the pH value to 6.8-7.2, and fermenting for 18-24 days to obtain a fermented material;

3. The preparation method of the organic fertilizer special for solanaceous fruit organic vegetables as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fertilizer mixed in the step (3) is dried in the air or dried until the moisture content is less than 20 wt%, so as to obtain a powdery product.

4. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer special for the solanaceous fruit organic vegetables, according to claim 2, is characterized in that the fertilizer uniformly mixed in the step (3) is granulated according to the prior art to obtain a granular product.