CN103210823A - Special full-value nutrition liquid and organic substrate integral cultivating mode for eggplants - Google Patents
Special full-value nutrition liquid and organic substrate integral cultivating mode for eggplants Download PDFInfo
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- CN103210823A CN103210823A CN2013100961428A CN201310096142A CN103210823A CN 103210823 A CN103210823 A CN 103210823A CN 2013100961428 A CN2013100961428 A CN 2013100961428A CN 201310096142 A CN201310096142 A CN 201310096142A CN 103210823 A CN103210823 A CN 103210823A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special full-value nutrition liquid and organic substrate integral cultivating mode for eggplants. Organic wastes, such as crop straws, waste slag after edible fungi cultivating, and feces of livestock, are used as raw material, and are subjected to harmless treatment to form an eggplant cultivating substrate. Water-soluble fertilizer is prepared into full-value nutrition liquid according to the fertilizer requiring rule of the eggplant, and the water and the nutrients are supplied to the root area of the eggplant in a water and fertilizer integral way. The cultivating mode for planting the eggplant has the advantages that safety is realized, the water and the labor are saved, the cost is low, the management is easy, the raw material of the substrate can be easily obtained, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is high, soil-borne diseases are avoided, and the like. The produced eggplant has the advantages that the yield is high, the fruit is fine, the taste is good, the nutrition ingredients are rich, the content of pesticide residues is low, the color is bright, the commodity rate is high, and the like. The cultivating mode disclosed by the invention is used for producing high-quality eggplant in the areas where the normal agricultural production cannot be carried out, such as heavy-salt alkaline lands, mountain lean lands and abandoned industrial and mining lands.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention is the supporting technology that is applicable to that cultivation eggplants such as greenhouse or plastic tunnel use.
(2) background technology
The adaptability of eggplant is strong, and moisture-proof, heat-resisting is easier to cultivation.Because nutritious, all there is cultivation in most of in the world areas.China is maximum eggplant producing country, and the eggplant area under cultivation of China in 2002 is 68.8 ten thousand hm
2, about 1,445 ten thousand t of gross yield account for 54.5% of Gross World Product.The eggplant of facility cultivation is good in economic efficiency, but along with the increase of planting the time, many green house continuous cropping obstacles are more and more obvious, and soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematode, brown line disease, fusarium wilt are serious.In order to keep high yield, the vegetable grower has to control the eggplant disease by a large amount of agricultural chemicals that use.In addition.It is that nutritive element is out of proportion in the soil that eggplant is concentrated the result of plantation year after year, fertilizer utilization ratio constantly descends, the vegetable grower must keep the eggplant high yield by dropping into a large amount of fertilizer, not only cause production cost constantly to rise, and the fertilizer nutrient that is not absorbed by crop in a large number enters underground water or other water bodys with irrigation water, polluted source causes environmental problems such as body eutrophication.
(3) summary of the invention
At above problem, the invention provides a kind of organic wastes such as waste residue behind agricultural crop straw, the edible fungus culturing, excrement of animals, vinasse, furfural dregs that utilize, through harmless treatment, organic substrate as the eggplant cultivation, in conjunction with the special nutrient fluid of the research of the demand rule of nutritive element being prepared according to eggplant, with the cultivation mode of liquid manure integrated technique,, obtain good result through the greenhouse cultivation test at green house plantation eggplant.
The present invention relates to eggplant special nutrient fluid and organic culture substrate.
1, preparation nutrient solution: according to determining each nutritive element concentration (as follows) in the special-purpose foster liquid of required battalion eggplant in the eggplant growth and development process, each nutritive element obtains the compounds such as the nitrate of lime more than technical grade, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium nitrate, ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, manganese sulphate, boric acid or borax, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate respectively; Become the weight and the accurately weighing of needed compound earlier according to the concentration conversion of required each element in the nutrient solution, be dissolved in water and make concentrate; In the time of need applying fertilizer to eggplant, concentrate is added water 100 times (weight ratios) be diluted to each the concentrating of nutrients in the nutrient solution.
Each the concentrating of nutrients in the eggplant special nutrient fluid:
N：220-353PPM
P：45-85PPM
K：480-686PPM
Ca：：83-175PPM
Mg：35-64PPM
Fe：2.8-6.2PPM
Mn：0.2-0.62PPM
B：0.25-0.65PPM
Cu：0.01-0.05PPM
Zn：0.02-0.07PPM
Mo：0.02-0.05PPM
2, make organic substrate:,, kill harmful microorganism in the matrix, insect ovum etc., and make its stable in properties by harmless treatments such as conventional hot fermentations with agricultural crop straw or edible mushroom waste residue or cow dung or bagasse or vinasse or furfural dregs etc.
3, the preparation of cultivation matrix groove: according to the plant and the root system size of eggplant, at ground excavation bottom width 30-35cm, wide 40-50cm suitable for reading, the groove of dark 15cm.Center distance is about 160cm between groove.The cultivation matrix that step 2 is made is filled groove, and on groove, play the micro-ridge of an about 15cm above ground level.On micro-ridge, lay drip irrigation pipe, cover plastic film on the drip irrigation pipe and cover drip irrigation pipe and all matrix, reach and prevent and treat water evaporates, reduce humidity in the canopy, reduce the purpose of disease.Borehole is planted two row eggplants on plastic film at last.
In the eggplant process of growth,, nutrient solution is applied eggplant root system zone by the drip irrigation mode according to the needed irrigation quantity of eggplant.
The integrated cultivation technique mode of the special-purpose full-valence nutrition liquor organic substrate of eggplant involved in the present invention waters, applies fertilizer by the proprietary formula nutrient solution, therefore produces eggplant, output height not only, and also nutritious, bright-colored, mouthfeel is good, the commodity rate height.
Excellent results of the invention process is as follows:
In the absorption characteristic of different growing stage to nutritive element, and the different nutrient prescription of local quality of irrigation water design helps the eggplant plant and obtains suitable and sufficient nutrient supply in the different hair tonic stages of educating, and its stalwartness is grown according to eggplant.
The raw material that is used to make organic substrate is very abundant, as various stalks, leaf, excrement of animals, edible mushroom waste residue, furfural dregs, vinasse etc., has both turned waste into wealth, and has beautified environment again.The raw material of manufacturing mechanism in order to replace soil, has been avoided the harm of soil-borne disease to the eggplant growth after harmless treatment.
The present invention plants eggplant with single-matrix, makes easylier, and cost is cheaper, easier large scale application;
Use the liquid manure integrated technique eggplant is used nutrient solution, fertilising safety, convenient, saving of work and time.Because the special nutritional formula of liquid is suitable for the eggplant growth, most nutrient elements and irrigation water are absorbed and used, and fertilizer reaches more than 80% with rate, and the irrigation water availability reaches more than 90%;
Owing to be to the local an amount of supply nutrient solution of eggplant rhizosphere, and the water supply position covered with plastic film, therefore the eggplant growing environment is neatly dry and comfortable, few disease takes place, pesticide dosage reduces 70-80%, agricultural output and quality increase substantially, the agricultural residual national pollution-free food quality requirements that is lower than significantly of eggplant;
Eggplant fruit type with cropping pattern plantation provided by the invention is neat, and the fruit bar is straight, and pericarp is glossy, smooth, the pulp exquisiteness, and delicious flavour, the shelf time of guaranteeing the quality surpass the eggplant of general soil plantation more than 1 times;
Utilize cultivation technique mode provided by the invention can not carrying out the local development eggplant high yield and high quality production of normal agricultural tillage, as heavy saline, mountain ridge unfertile land, discarded industrial and mineral ground etc.
Embodiment:
The compound of wanting required for the present invention is all commercially available to be obtained, and technology involved in the present invention is routine techniques if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1: eggplant full price special nutrient fluid, and each the concentrating of nutrients is as follows in the nutrient solution:
N：252PPM
P：52PPM
K：510PPM
Ca：105PPM
Mg：46PPM
Fe：3.3PPM
Mn：0.35PM
B：0.43PPM
Cu：0.02PPM
Zn：0.03PPM
Mo：0.03PPM
The preparation nutrient solution: go out the weight of required all cpds according to the concentration conversion of above each nutritive element in nutrient solution, accurately weighing is made into concentrated nutrient solution earlier.When needs are irrigated eggplant and are applied fertilizer, the concentrate thin up is become needed concentration for 100 times, apply eggplant root system zone by drip irrigation.With the edible mushroom waste residue of harmless treatment as cultivation matrix.With the normal soil plantation in contrast, the weight that applies fertilizer is identical.
Embodiment 2: eggplant full price special nutrient fluid, and each the concentrating of nutrients is as follows in the nutrient solution:
N：324PPM
P：68PPM
K：335PPM
Ca：133PPM
Mg：57PPM
Fe：4.2PPM
Mn：0.4PPM
B：0.5PPM
Cu：0.02PPM
Zn：0.04PPM
Mo：0.02PPM
In same greenhouse, use the nutrient solution and the organic mass cultivation eggplant of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 preparations respectively; With the normal soil plantation in contrast, the fertilizer amount of using is identical with embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 simultaneously; The daily management measure is identical.
The effect of above embodiment 1～2 and contrast is as follows:
Claims (1)
1. the integrated cultivation mode of the special-purpose full-valence nutrition liquor organic substrate of an eggplant is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) nutrient solution is made: each the concentrating of nutrients is to obtain according to the demand to nutritive element in the eggplant growth and development process in the eggplant special nutrient fluid, obtains the nitrate of lime more than technical grade, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ferrous sulfate, chelated iron, manganese sulphate, boric acid or borax, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate and the sodium molybdate compound respectively; According to the concentration weighing institute corresponding compounds of required each element in the nutrient solution, add the clear water dissolving and make concentrate earlier; When needs apply fertilizer to eggplant, the concentrate thin up is become needed concentration, apply eggplant root system zone by drip irrigation;
The concentrating of nutrients that comprises in the eggplant full-valence nutrition liquor involved in the present invention is as follows:
N：220-353PPM
P：45-85PPM
K：480-686PPM
Ca：：83-175PPM
Mg：35-64PPM
Fe：2.8-6.2PPM
Mn：0.2-0.62PPM
B：0.25-0.65PPM
Cu：0.01-0.05PPM
Zn：0.02-0.07PPM
Mo：0.02-0.05PPM；
2) organic substrate is made: the raw material of organic culture substrate involved in the present invention is agricultural crop straw or edible mushroom waste residue or cow dung or bagasse or vinasse or furfural dregs, by harmless treatments such as conventional hot fermentations, kill harmful microorganism and insect ovum in the matrix, make its stable in properties;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix groove: the ground excavation bottom width 30-35cm in green house, wide 40-50cm suitable for reading, the north-south groove of dark 15cm; Center distance is 160cm between groove; Cultivation matrix is filled up groove, and on groove, play the micro-ridge of a 20cm above ground level; On the matrix ridge, lay drip irrigation pipe, cover plastic film on the drip irrigation pipe; Staggered plantation two row eggplants of borehole on plastic film at last.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN105130553A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-09 | 林平 | Preparation method for Kimura paddy-rice nutrient solution |
| CN105948924A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-21 | 山东农业大学 | Nutrient solution suitable for high-yield soilless culture of eggplants |
| CN106007837A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Soilless culture nutrient solution for improving quality of eggplants |
| CN107746301A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-03-02 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of eggplant soilless culture nutrient fluid formula, preparation method and feed liquid method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105130553A (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2015-12-09 | 林平 | Preparation method for Kimura paddy-rice nutrient solution |
| CN107746301A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2018-03-02 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of eggplant soilless culture nutrient fluid formula, preparation method and feed liquid method |
| CN105948924A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-09-21 | 山东农业大学 | Nutrient solution suitable for high-yield soilless culture of eggplants |
| CN106007837A (en) * | 2016-05-11 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Soilless culture nutrient solution for improving quality of eggplants |
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Application publication date: 20130724 |