CN103222417A - Special full-value nutrient solution and organic matrix integrated cultivation mode for tomato - Google Patents
Special full-value nutrient solution and organic matrix integrated cultivation mode for tomato Download PDFInfo
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- CN103222417A CN103222417A CN2013100975562A CN201310097556A CN103222417A CN 103222417 A CN103222417 A CN 103222417A CN 2013100975562 A CN2013100975562 A CN 2013100975562A CN 201310097556 A CN201310097556 A CN 201310097556A CN 103222417 A CN103222417 A CN 103222417A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a special full-value nutrient solution and organic matrix integrated cultivation mode for a tomato. Organic waste such as crop straws, waste residues after edible mushroom cultivation, and excrement of animals is subjected to innocent treatment and serves as a cultivation matrix of the tomato. A water-soluble fertilizer is prepared into a full-value nutrient solution according to a fertilizer requirement rule of the tomato, and water and nutrient elements are supplied to a root system area of the tomato in a water and fertilizer integrated mode. The cultivation mode has the characteristics that the cultivation mode is safe, water-saving, labor-saving, easy to manage, low in cost, and high in fertilizer using efficiency, and avoids soil-borne diseases, and a raw material of the matrix is easy to obtain; the tomato produced in the technical mode has the characteristics of high yield, rich nutrition, low residual pesticide, good taste, bright color, high commodity rate and the like; and the high-yield and excellent-quality tomato can be produced in places where normal agricultural production cannot be performed, such as heavy saline and alkaline land, mountain ridge poor land and abandoned mining industry land.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention is the supporting technology that is applicable to that cultivation tomatoes such as greenhouse or plastic tunnel are used.
(2) background technology
Tomato is one of bigger solanberry class crop of northern China green house area under cultivation in winter.Traditional soil cultivation is owing to plant year after year, and soil-borne diseases such as root-knot nematode, root rot, bacterial wilt are on the rise.In order to keep high yield, the vegetable grower has to control tomato disease by a large amount of agricultural chemicals that use.In addition, concentrating the result of plantation year after year is that nutritive element is out of proportion in the soil, and fertilizer utilization ratio constantly descends, and the vegetable grower must keep the tomato high yield by dropping into a large amount of fertilizer.According to existing statistics, the fertilizer amount that general vegetables in greenhouse booth has dropped into is 8-10 a times of vegetables requirement.That is to say that in the plastic greenhouse growing vegetables, fertilizer utilization ratio has only about 10%.Like this, the tomato production cost is constantly increased, and a large amount of remaining fertilizer nutrient enters underground water or other water bodys with irrigation water, polluted source causes environmental problems such as body eutrophication.
(3) summary of the invention
At above problem, the invention provides a kind of organic wastes such as waste residue behind agricultural crop straw, the edible fungus culturing, excrement of animals, vinasse, furfural dregs that utilize, through harmless treatment, organic substrate as tomato cultivation, in conjunction with the special nutrient fluid of the research of the demand rule of nutritive element being prepared according to tomato, with the cultivation mode of liquid manure integrated technique green house plantation tomato.Through the greenhouse cultivation test, respond well.
The present invention relates to tomato special nutrient fluid and organic culture substrate.
1, preparation nutrient solution: according to determining each nutritive element concentration (as follows) in the desired nutritional liquid in the tomato growth growth course, each nutritive element obtains the compounds such as the nitrate of lime more than technical grade, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate or ammonium nitrate, ferrous sulfate or chelated iron, manganese sulphate, boric acid or borax, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate respectively; Be converted into the weight and the accurately weighing of needed compound earlier according to each the concentrating of nutrients in the nutrient solution, be dissolved in water and make concentrate; In the time of need applying fertilizer to tomato, concentrate is added water 100 times (weight ratios) is diluted to each the concentrating of nutrients in the nutrient solution:
Each the concentrating of nutrients in the nutrient solution:
N：150-260PPM
P：25-55PPM
K：310-355PPM
Ca：160-250PPM
Mg：30-55PPM
Fe：8-11PPM
Mn：5-10PPM
B：2-6PPM
Cu：1-3PPM
Zn：1-4PPM
Mo：0.2-0.5PPM；
2, make organic substrate:,, kill harmful microorganism in the matrix, insect ovum etc., and make its stable in properties by harmless treatments such as conventional hot fermentations with agricultural crop straw or edible mushroom waste residue or cow dung or bagasse or vinasse or furfural dregs etc.
3, the preparation of cultivation matrix groove: according to plant and the root system size of tomato, at ground excavation bottom width 30-35cm, wide 40-50cm suitable for reading, the groove of dark 15cm.Center distance is about 130cm between groove.The cultivation matrix that step 2 is made is put into groove, fill up and on groove, rise the micro-ridge of an about 15cm above ground level.On micro-ridge, lay drip irrigation pipe then, cover plastic film on the drip irrigation pipe, reach and prevent and treat water evaporates, reduce humidity in the canopy, reduce the purpose of disease.Staggered plantation two row tomatoes of borehole on plastic film at last.Every capable tomato is apart from the about 5-8cm in micro-ridge edge.
In the tomato growth process, by the drip irrigation mode nutrient solution is applied tomato root system zone according to required irrigation quantity.
The integrated cultivation technique mode of the special-purpose full-valence nutrition liquor organic substrate of tomato involved in the present invention is the perfect adaptation of organic mass cultivation technology and nutriculture, just growing vegetables on fertilizer, by the proprietary formula nutrient solution tomato is watered, applies fertilizer, therefore produce not only output height of tomato, and it is nutritious, bright-colored, excellent taste has solved to achievement output and the two problem that can not get both of mouthfeel in the growing vegetables.
Excellent results of the invention process is as follows:
According to tomato at different growing stage, and local irrigation water characteristics, design different nutrient prescriptions, help the nutrient supply that tomato plant obtained suiting in the different hair tonic stages of educating, and its stalwartness is grown, up to gathering the later stage, the leaf look still keeps emerald green, guaranteed that tamato fruit obtains sufficient photosynthetic product supply in whole growth in the puberty, the output height, annual production has reached 350 tons/hectare.The fruit size is even up and down for every plant, and fruit color is even, and lovely luster does not have hollow fruit excellent taste takes place.
The raw material that is used to make organic substrate is very abundant, as various stalks, leaf, excrement of animals, edible mushroom waste residue, furfural dregs, vinasse etc., has both turned waste into wealth, and has beautified environment again.The raw material of manufacturing mechanism in order to replace soil, has been avoided soil-borne disease after harmless treatment.
The present invention plants tomato with single-matrix, makes easylier, and cost is cheaper, easier large scale application;
Use the liquid manure integrated technique and use nutrient solution, fertilising safety, convenient, saving of work and time; And because nutrient solution prescription is suitable for tomato growth, and the nutrient element overwhelming majority is absorbed and used, more than 80%, the irrigation water availability reaches more than 90% fertilizer with rate;
Owing to being supplies nutrient solution in right amount to the tomato rhizosphere is local, and the water supply position is covered with plastic film, so the tomato cultivation environment is neatly dry and comfortable, disease seldom takes place, and pesticide dosage reduces 70-80%, the agricultural residual national pollution-free food quality requirements that is lower than significantly of tomato;
Tamato fruit with this method plantation was guaranteed the quality shelf time above 15 days;
The local development tomato high yield and high quality production of normal agricultural tillage can not carried out, as heavy saline, mountain ridge unfertile land, discarded industrial and mineral ground etc.
Embodiment:
The compound of wanting required for the present invention is all commercially available to be obtained, and technology involved in the present invention is routine techniques if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1: preparation tomato nutrient liquid, and the concentration of each nutritive element in nutrient solution is as follows:
N：230PPM
P：35PPM
K：310PPM
Ca：160PPM
Mg：45PPM
Fe：10PPM
Mn：3.5PM
B：3.5PPM
Cu：2PPM
Zn：1.5PPM
Mo：0.2PPM
Preparation method: the actual requirement that goes out required all cpds according to the concentration conversion of above nutritive element in nutrient solution, accurately weighing is made into concentrated nutrient solution, in the time of need applying fertilizer to tomato, add the clear water dilution and become needed concentration for 100 times, apply tomato root system zone by drip irrigation.With the edible mushroom waste residue of harmless treatment as cultivation matrix.With the normal soil plantation in contrast, the fertilizer amount of using is identical with processing.
Embodiment 2: tomato full price special nutrient fluid, and its nutrient content is as follows:
N：200PPM
P：55PPM
K：335PPM
Ca：200PPM
Mg：35PPM
Fe：9PPM
Mn：4PM
B：5PPM
Cu：4PPM
Zn：2PPM
Mo：0.2PPM
Preparation method: the actual requirement that goes out required all cpds according to the concentration conversion of above nutritive element in nutrient solution, accurately weighing is made into concentrated nutrient solution, in the time of need applying fertilizer to tomato, thin up becomes needed concentration for 100 times, applies tomato root system zone by drip irrigation.With the edible mushroom waste residue of harmless treatment as cultivation matrix.With normal soil plantation in the same booth in contrast, the fertilizer amount of using is identical with processing.
In same greenhouse, use the nutrient solution and the organic mass cultivation tomato of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 preparations respectively; With the normal soil plantation in contrast, the fertilizer amount of using is identical with embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 simultaneously; The daily management measure is identical.
The effect of above embodiment 1～2 and contrast is as follows:
Claims (1)
1. the integrated cultivation mode of the special-purpose full-valence nutrition liquor organic substrate of a tomato is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) nutrient solution is made: each the concentrating of nutrients is to obtain according to the demand to nutritive element in the tomato growth growth course in the tomato special nutrient fluid, obtains the nitrate of lime more than technical grade, potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ferrous sulfate, chelated iron, manganese sulphate, boric acid or borax, zinc sulphate, ammonium molybdate and the sodium molybdate compound respectively; According to the concentration weighing institute corresponding compounds of required each element in the nutrient solution, add the clear water dissolving and make concentrate earlier; When needs apply fertilizer to tomato, the concentrate thin up is become needed concentration, apply tomato root system zone by drip irrigation;
The concentrating of nutrients that comprises in the tomato full-valence nutrition liquor involved in the present invention is as follows:
N：150-260PPM
P：25-55PPM
K：310-355PPM
Ca：160-250PPM
Mg：30-55PPM
Fe：8-11PPM
Mn：5-10PPM
B：2-6PPM
Cu：1-3PPM
Zn:2-4PPM
Mo:0.2-0.5PPM；
2) organic substrate is made: organic culture substrate involved in the present invention is agricultural crop straw or edible mushroom waste residue or cow dung or bagasse or vinasse or furfural dregs, by harmless treatments such as conventional hot fermentations, kill harmful microorganism and insect ovum in the matrix, make its stable in properties;
3) preparation of cultivation matrix groove: according to plant and the root system size of tomato, ground excavation bottom width 30-35cm in green house, wide 40-50cm suitable for reading, the north-south groove of dark 15cm; Center distance is 130cm between groove; Cultivation matrix is filled up groove, and on groove, play the micro-ridge of a 15cm above ground level; On the matrix ridge, lay drip irrigation pipe, cover plastic film on the drip irrigation pipe; Staggered plantation two row tomatoes of borehole on plastic film at last, every capable tomato is apart from micro-ridge edge 5-8cm.
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103355024A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-10-23 | 胡永军 | Method for cultivating over summering tomato plants in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN103467152A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏鼎钰生态农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture substrate of tomato |
| CN103621289A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture method |
| CN104098365A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-15 | 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 | Special tomato fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104355818A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 傅汝毅 | Tomato soilless culture medium |
| CN104557257A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 明光市红缨高粱种植专业合作社 | Nutrient solution for soilless culture of tomatoes |
| CN104591834A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-05-06 | 广东利泰农业开发有限公司 | Tomato water-culture nutrient solution and application method thereof |
| CN105145309A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-16 | 山东农业大学 | Integrated ecological strawberry cultivation method for reducing pest and disease damage and improving fruit quality |
| CN105519420A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 福建农林大学 | Cherry tomato soilless cultivation method |
| CN106008058A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 福建农林大学 | Preparation and application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for greenhouse tomato cultivation |
| CN109122090A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-04 | 候海燕 | A kind of cultural method of simple tomato matrix |
| CN112047789A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation and application method thereof |
| CN113099964A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-13 | 山西沃岳农业科技有限公司 | Facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103355024B (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2015-10-28 | 寿光市新世纪种苗有限公司 | A kind of greenhouse by solar heat gets over the cultivation method of summer tomato |
| CN103355024A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2013-10-23 | 胡永军 | Method for cultivating over summering tomato plants in sunlight greenhouse |
| CN103467152A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-12-25 | 江苏鼎钰生态农业科技有限公司 | Soilless culture substrate of tomato |
| CN103621289B (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2016-05-11 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | A kind of method of tomato soilless culture |
| CN103621289A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 贵州平坝宝地农业科技产业有限公司 | Tomato soilless culture method |
| CN104098365A (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2014-10-15 | 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 | Special tomato fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104098365B (en) * | 2014-07-25 | 2016-07-06 | 甘肃凯源生物技术开发中心 | A kind of tomato special fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104355818A (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2015-02-18 | 傅汝毅 | Tomato soilless culture medium |
| CN104557257A (en) * | 2014-11-28 | 2015-04-29 | 明光市红缨高粱种植专业合作社 | Nutrient solution for soilless culture of tomatoes |
| CN104591834A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2015-05-06 | 广东利泰农业开发有限公司 | Tomato water-culture nutrient solution and application method thereof |
| CN105145309A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-16 | 山东农业大学 | Integrated ecological strawberry cultivation method for reducing pest and disease damage and improving fruit quality |
| CN105519420A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-27 | 福建农林大学 | Cherry tomato soilless cultivation method |
| CN106008058A (en) * | 2016-05-13 | 2016-10-12 | 福建农林大学 | Preparation and application of organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for greenhouse tomato cultivation |
| CN109122090A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-04 | 候海燕 | A kind of cultural method of simple tomato matrix |
| CN112047789A (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2020-12-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Organic-inorganic composite nutrient solution formula for tomato matrix cultivation and application method thereof |
| CN113099964A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-13 | 山西沃岳农业科技有限公司 | Facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20130731 |