CN113099964A - Facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method - Google Patents
Facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113099964A CN113099964A CN202110320745.6A CN202110320745A CN113099964A CN 113099964 A CN113099964 A CN 113099964A CN 202110320745 A CN202110320745 A CN 202110320745A CN 113099964 A CN113099964 A CN 113099964A
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- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
- A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetable. Belongs to the technical field of vegetable planting. Comprises the steps of carrying out rotary tillage on land for later use in a built greenhouse or a greenhouse; dividing a land into a plurality of vegetable planting strips, wherein the vegetable planting strips comprise vegetable planting rows and manual operation rows, and soil of the manual operation rows is used as a matrix groove on the vegetable planting rows; uniformly applying diammonium phosphate into the substrate groove, and then filling a substrate, wherein the material level of the substrate is 2cm higher than the two sides of the substrate groove; laying a drip irrigation tape on the substrate and covering a black mulching film; and (3) punching planting holes on the matrix mulching film, then placing plug seedlings into the planting holes, timely watering enough planting water and managing according to the technical requirements of planted vegetables. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages of convenient raw material purchase, low investment cost, labor force reduction, strong operability, obvious reduction of plant diseases and insect pests, easy mastering of technology, obvious prematurity and yield increase effect and no side effect on environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method.
Background
The facility agriculture is an important way for effectively solving the agricultural problems by relying on modern scientific technology, and is agriculture which controls unfavorable climatic conditions in the nature through certain agricultural engineering facilities, optimizes the growing environment of the overground part and the root system of the plant and produces high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and pollution-free agricultural products in a planned way according to the needs of people. The essence of the method is effective utilization, reasonable configuration and sustainable development of natural resources. Therefore, the protected cultivation of vegetables has become the most active new industry in vegetable growth, and has become a preferred project for intensive agriculture, urban agriculture, sustainable agriculture and three-high agriculture. The facility cultivation is effective production which has a certain facility, can improve or create a suitable meteorological environment factor in a local range, and provides a good environmental condition for the growth and development of vegetables. The protected cultivation can avoid the damage of low temperature, high temperature rainstorm, strong light irradiation and other adverse conditions to vegetable production, and is widely applied to vegetable seedling, early spring and late autumn cultivation and northern overwintering vegetable cultivation.
At present, with the rapid development of facility vegetables in China, soil salinization, high labor intensity, more labor investment, aggravation of diseases and insect pests, environmental pollution and other problems become increasingly prominent, and the problems become urgent to be solved in the development of the facility vegetables. The planting methods such as soilless culture, matrix culture and the like are introduced in China in sequence, the methods for treating soil salinization by high-temperature shed-closed sterilization, chemical agent sterilization, bacterium control and the like are researched, although the method has a certain effect, the investment cost is too high, or the operability is poor, or the technology is not easy to master and the like, and the method is difficult to popularize and apply to the reality of low scientific and technological quality of farmers in China. Even high input and low output, or irrecoverable phenomena.
In conclusion, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a facility vegetable cultivation method which is low in cost, easy to operate and good in planting effect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables. Solves the problems of salinization of the current protected vegetable soil, high investment cost, serious pest and disease damage, high labor intensity and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables comprises the following steps in a cultivation season:
(1) pretreatment: in a built greenhouse or a greenhouse, the land is directly rotary-tilled without applying base fertilizer, so that the land is flat, free of tiltress and ready for use;
(2) dividing a land into a plurality of vegetable planting strips, wherein the vegetable planting strips comprise vegetable planting rows and manual operation rows (namely the vegetable planting rows and the manual operation rows are arranged on the land at intervals), and making matrix grooves on the vegetable planting rows by adopting soil of the manual operation rows; the specific operation is as follows: digging up soil of the manual operation line to be used as a groove edge of the substrate groove;
the height of the substrate groove is 25-30 cm, the width of an upper opening is 50cm, and the widths of two side tops of the substrate groove are 5 cm;
(3) uniformly applying diammonium phosphate into the substrate groove, then filling a substrate, and treading the substrate with feet, wherein the material level of the substrate is 2cm higher than the two sides of the substrate groove;
(4) laying a drip irrigation tape on the substrate and covering a black mulching film; the distance of the dripping hole is 20cm, or 25cm or 30 cm;
(5) and (3) punching a planting hole on the matrix mulching film, then putting the plug seedling into the planting hole, wherein the matrix lump of the plug seedling is 1.5-2 cm lower than the matrix ridge surface, and timely watering enough planting water and managing according to the technical requirements of the planted vegetables.
Preferably, the rotary tillage depth in the step (1) is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, the width of the vegetable planting strip is 120 cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 50-75 kg/mu.
Preferably, the substrate comprises animal manure and organic waste in a volume ratio of 1: 1;
the organic waste is waste mushroom sticks, plant residues or harmless industrial waste, and the problem of recycling of agricultural and industrial production waste is solved.
The animal manure is one or more of cow manure, pig manure and sheep manure.
Preferably, the preparation method of the matrix is as follows:
(1) crushing the raw materials into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(2) mixing the crushed animal wastes with organic wastes uniformly and composting.
Preferably, the row spacing of the planting holes is 30-40 cm, the hole depth is 5cm, and the distance between the planting holes and the edge of the matrix groove is more than 5 cm.
Preferably, in the next cultivation season, the mulching film is recycled, the ground substance is uniformly spread with diammonium phosphate and crushed vegetable straw, the ground substance is uniformly mixed with the original ground substance by using an iron rake, and then the steps (4) to (5) are repeated.
The method can continuously plant for more than 5 years.
The crushed vegetable straw material, namely the vegetable straw cleaned in the greenhouse or the greenhouse, is dried and then crushed into crushed sections less than or equal to 0.5cm, and is directly used without sterilization.
Preferably, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate in the next cultivation season is 50 kg/mu.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) the cost is low: 50 square of matrix mixture is needed for each mu of land, the cost is about 2500-3000 yuan, and the cost is equivalent to 1.5-2.0 times of that of the organic manure applied to the land every year. The cost is 400-500 yuan per year by replacing the base material once in 6 years, and the organic manure investment is reduced by 800-1000 yuan per mu compared with the traditional planting method. 2) Reduce labour cost: the cultivation is carried out once in 6 years, the machine cultivation and the field planting ridge forming in 5 years are reduced, and about 800 yuan is saved each year on average. 3) Saving fertilizer: by adopting the method, the air permeability of the root system is good, the root system is developed, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by about 30 percent, and the fertilizer can be saved by about 800 yuan per cultivation season. 4) Reducing the application amount of the pesticide: as the root system of the vegetable is developed, the plant grows strongly, the disease resistance is enhanced, the disease incidence is reduced by 40 percent, and the pesticide investment can be saved by over 600 yuan per cultivation season. 5) Water conservation: the plant root system is developed, the utilization rate of water is improved, water can be saved by about 20% generally, and water cost is saved by 200-300 yuan in each cultivation season. 6) The yield is increased: taking tomatoes as an example, according to the application of 6 years, the yield of each mu is increased by 800kg, the average yield is calculated according to 3.0 yuan/kg, and the income is increased by 2400 yuan per cultivation season.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vegetable planting strip of the present invention, wherein a is a vegetable planting row and b is a manual operation row;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a substrate bath according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the step (2) of forming a substrate bath according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the broadcast application of diammonium phosphate in step (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a mixed matrix in step (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the filling matrix in step (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a land groove prepared in step (3) of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a drawing of a drip irrigation belt diagram installed in step (4) of the present invention, in which 1 is a main pipe, 2 is a soft drip pipe belt, and 3 is a tee joint;
FIG. 9 is a view showing the mulching film laid in step (4) of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a drawing showing the field planting of tomato seedlings in step (5) of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing that diammonium phosphate is uniformly mixed with a substrate in step (6) of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a view showing the step (6) of re-mulching the mulching film according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a salinized soil according to example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a salinized soil according to example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a map of a plant taken 11 months in 2020 after 6 years of planting in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a drawing of a tomato plant grown by the method of the present invention in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of a cultivation matrix ridge according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a drawing showing strawberries planted in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a melon plant according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a drawing of tomatoes planted in example 7 of the present invention;
fig. 21 accompanying drawing is a tomato plant of example 7 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The required medicament in the embodiment of the invention is a conventional experimental medicament purchased from a commercially available channel; the experimental methods not mentioned in the examples are conventional experimental methods, and are not described in detail herein.
Example 1
A facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: carrying out rotary tillage on the soil for later use in the built greenhouse or the big shed, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 25 cm;
(2) dividing the land into a plurality of vegetable planting strips, wherein the vegetable planting strips comprise vegetable planting rows and manual operation rows (namely the vegetable planting rows and the manual operation rows are arranged on the land at intervals), and making matrix grooves on the vegetable planting rows by adopting soil of the manual operation rows; the specific operation is as follows: digging up soil of the manual operation line to be used as a groove edge of the substrate groove;
the width of the vegetable planting strip is 120cm, the height of the substrate groove is 25cm, the width of the upper opening is 50cm, and the widths of the tops of two sides of the substrate groove are 5 cm;
(3) uniformly applying diammonium phosphate in the substrate grooves, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 50 kg/mu; then filling the substrate, wherein the material level of the substrate is 2cm higher than the two sides of the substrate groove;
the substrate comprises animal manure and organic waste, and the volume ratio of the animal manure to the organic waste is 1: 1;
the organic waste is waste mushroom sticks, plant residues or harmless industrial waste.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps:
(a) crushing the raw materials into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(b) mixing the crushed animal wastes with organic wastes uniformly and composting.
(4) Laying a drip irrigation tape on the substrate and covering a black mulching film;
(5) and (3) punching planting holes on the matrix mulching film, wherein the row spacing of the planting holes is 30cm, the hole depth is 5cm, and the distance between the planting holes and the matrix groove edge is more than 5 cm. And then placing the plug seedlings into the planting holes, wherein the substrate lumps of the plug seedlings are 1.5-2 cm lower than the substrate ridge surface, timely watering enough planting water and managing according to the technical requirements of planted vegetables.
(6) In the next cultivation season, the black mulching film is recycled, the diammonium phosphate and the crushed vegetable straw are uniformly sprayed on the substrate, the substrate is uniformly mixed with the diammonium phosphate and the crushed vegetable straw by using an iron rake, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 50 kg/mu, and then the steps (4) to (5) are repeated.
Example 2
A facility vegetable refined simplified matrix cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment: carrying out rotary tillage on the soil for later use in a built greenhouse or a greenhouse, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 30 cm;
(2) dividing the land into a plurality of vegetable planting strips, wherein the vegetable planting strips comprise vegetable planting rows and manual operation rows (namely the vegetable planting rows and the manual operation rows are arranged on the land at intervals), and making matrix grooves on the vegetable planting rows by adopting soil of the manual operation rows; the specific operation is as follows: digging up soil of the manual operation line to be used as a groove edge of the substrate groove;
the width of the vegetable planting strip is 120cm, the height of the substrate groove is 30cm, the width of the upper opening is 50cm, and the widths of the tops of two sides of the substrate groove are 5 cm;
(4) uniformly applying diammonium phosphate in the substrate groove, wherein the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 75 kg/mu; then filling the substrate, wherein the material level of the substrate is 2cm higher than the two sides of the substrate groove;
the substrate comprises animal manure and organic waste, and the volume ratio of the animal manure to the organic waste is 1: 1;
the organic waste is waste mushroom sticks, plant residues or harmless industrial waste.
The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps:
(a) crushing the raw materials into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(b) mixing the crushed animal wastes with organic wastes uniformly and composting.
(4) Laying a drip irrigation tape on the substrate and covering a black mulching film;
(5) and (3) punching planting holes on the matrix mulching film, wherein the row spacing of the planting holes is 40cm, the hole depth is 5cm, and the distance between the planting holes and the matrix groove edge is more than 5 cm. And then placing the plug seedlings into the planting holes, wherein the substrate lumps of the plug seedlings are 1.5-2 cm lower than the substrate ridge surface, timely watering enough planting water and managing according to the technical requirements of planted vegetables.
(6) In the next cultivation season, the black mulching film is recycled, the diammonium phosphate and the crushed vegetable straw are uniformly sprayed on the substrate, the substrate is uniformly mixed with the diammonium phosphate and the crushed vegetable straw by using an iron rake, the application amount of the diammonium phosphate is 50 kg/mu, and then the steps (4) to (5) are repeated.
Example 3 soil salinization land application
In 2010, the Hongkong county Cao Jiazhang Kangmin vegetable professional cooperative society circulates 1000 mu of land in Wanan town Cao Jiazhang village in the Hongkong county, more than 200 sunlight greenhouses are built, and after four years of planting, the problem of soil salinization is serious (as shown in figure 13, the planting rows become green after watering), the plants are premature senility, the plants die, and the like, the yield is greatly reduced, and the annual loss of the garden is caused.
After the simplified matrix cultivation technology disclosed by the invention is implemented in 2014, the problems of death and premature senility of the tomatoes are solved, and no salinization occurs. Beginning in 2016, growers themselves used cow dung and waste mushroom sticks in a 1:1 proportion, the simplified substrate of the invention is adopted to cultivate and plant tomatoes, the cultivation method is used in 80% greenhouse, and more than 50 batches of people visit and study every year.
Example 4 soil salinization land application
Greenhouse No. 105, contracted by King Hai Feng of Kangmin vegetable professional cooperative society of Hongkong county, has serious salinization, the annual dead seedling rate is about 20 percent, and the plant is premature senility (as shown in FIG. 14, the ground is green after planting, the ventilation of the root system is influenced, and the plant is premature senility). In the last 8 th month of 2014, the simplified substrate is adopted to plant the tomatoes, and two batches of tomatoes are cultivated in each cultivation season, namely the first batch: permanent planting in the last ten days of 8 months, and ending in the middle 12 months; and (4) second crop: planting in the middle 12 months, ending in the next 6 months. When the front and back stubbles are replaced, the overground part of the front stubbles is cut off, the front stubbles are taken out of the room, the original planting holes are avoided, and the second stubbles are planted in a punching way, so that the second stubbles are planted for 6 years, the phenomena of matrix salinization and plant premature senility are avoided, and the yield is high every year (as shown in figure 15, the phenomenon of salinization does not occur when the matrix is used for 6 years).
Example 5 saline-alkali soil application
Xiangfen county Xiangling town yellow cliff village, peasant build the greenhouse more than 150, because the groundwater level rises, the salinization appears in the greenhouse, and the greenhouse can not normally produce. In 2016, Xiangfen county established a vegetable technical service team to lead the village farmer to visit and study in Cao Jia village base. The 10-span greenhouse of 4 households such as Wang Zengfu and the like adopts the simplified substrate cultivation method to cultivate the tomatoes, and the tomatoes are about 6 days earlier than the tomatoes planted in the traditional ditching mode. The saline-alkali harm does not occur, the plant premature senility phenomenon (as shown in figure 7) occurs, and the yield is increased by about 10 percent compared with the yield before the salinization occurs.
Example 6 harmless Industrial waste as substrate raw Material
In the Yaowangtai modern agricultural demonstration park in the Yaowu district, 12 glass multi-span greenhouses are arranged, and because of ground hardening, in 2017, the simplified matrix cultivation method disclosed by the invention is adopted for melon and vegetable cultivation, the main raw materials of a matrix are cow dung and water granulated slag of an iron-making plant, matrix cultivation ridges (shown in figure 17) are made on the hardened ground, and strawberries and melons are planted on the matrix cultivation ridges, as shown in figures 18 and 19.
Example 7 utilization of abandoned mine sites
In 2014, cement factories in Li village of Yangxi county, Yanxiang, are forced to be shut down due to pollution, in 2016, the Xuehai Haihong factory is grown under the technical guidance of Chentao, waste cement warehouse roofs are changed into plastic greenhouse films, matrix ridges (cow dung and slag) are made on hardened cement ground according to cultivation rows, and tomatoes are planted by the method disclosed by the invention, as shown in figures 20 and 21.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. A facility vegetable refined simplified substrate cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps in one cultivation season:
(1) pretreatment: carrying out rotary tillage on the land for later use in the built greenhouse or the greenhouse;
(2) dividing a land into a plurality of vegetable planting strips, wherein the vegetable planting strips comprise vegetable planting rows and manual operation rows, and making matrix grooves on the vegetable planting rows;
the substrate groove is made of the soil of the manual operation line, the height is 25-30 cm, the width of an upper opening is 50cm, and the width of two side tops of the substrate groove is 5 cm;
(3) uniformly applying diammonium phosphate into the substrate groove, and then filling a substrate, wherein the material level of the substrate is 2cm higher than the two sides of the substrate groove;
(4) laying a drip irrigation tape on the substrate and covering a black mulching film;
(5) and (3) punching a planting hole on the matrix mulching film, then putting the plug seedling into the planting hole, wherein the matrix lump of the plug seedling is 1.5-2 cm lower than the matrix ridge surface, and timely watering enough planting water and managing according to the technical requirements of the planted vegetables.
2. The method for cultivating a vegetable in a simplified substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises animal waste and organic waste in a volume ratio of 1: 1;
the organic waste is waste mushroom sticks, plant residues or harmless industrial waste.
3. The method for cultivating greenhouse vegetables in the simplified substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the rotary tillage in step (1) is 25-30 cm.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the vegetable planting strip is 120 cm.
5. The simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of diammonium phosphate is 50-75 kg/mu.
6. The method for cultivating greenhouse vegetable with simplified substrate as claimed in claim 2, wherein the substrate is prepared by the following steps:
(1) crushing the raw materials into particles with the particle size less than or equal to 0.5 cm;
(2) and (3) composting the crushed animal wastes and organic wastes.
7. The simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the planting holes is 30-40 cm, the depth of the holes is 5cm, and the distance between the planting holes and the edge of the substrate groove is more than 5 cm.
8. The facility vegetable fine simplified substrate cultivation method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the next cultivation season, the mulching film is recovered, diammonium phosphate and vegetable straw crushed material are uniformly spread on the substrate, and then steps (4) to (5) are repeated.
9. The simplified substrate cultivation method for greenhouse vegetables as claimed in claim 8, wherein the diammonium phosphate is applied in an amount of 50 kg/mu in the next cultivation season.
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| CN1336104A (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-02-20 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Organic soil-less culture substrate, orgainc solid fertilizer and soil-less cultivation method |
| CN1582615A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-23 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil |
| CN103222417A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special full-value nutrient solution and organic matrix integrated cultivation mode for tomato |
| CN108207512A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-06-29 | 临汾经济技术开发区科润农业技术咨询中心 | A kind of attached ditch implantation methods of vegetables |
| CN109122090A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2019-01-04 | 候海燕 | A kind of cultural method of simple tomato matrix |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1336104A (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2002-02-20 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Organic soil-less culture substrate, orgainc solid fertilizer and soil-less cultivation method |
| CN1582615A (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-02-23 | 中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for cultivating vegetables in organic soil |
| CN103222417A (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2013-07-31 | 山东农业大学 | Special full-value nutrient solution and organic matrix integrated cultivation mode for tomato |
| CN108207512A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-06-29 | 临汾经济技术开发区科润农业技术咨询中心 | A kind of attached ditch implantation methods of vegetables |
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