CN106386430A - Organic substrate root controlling cultivation method for vegetables - Google Patents

Organic substrate root controlling cultivation method for vegetables Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106386430A
CN106386430A CN201610785732.5A CN201610785732A CN106386430A CN 106386430 A CN106386430 A CN 106386430A CN 201610785732 A CN201610785732 A CN 201610785732A CN 106386430 A CN106386430 A CN 106386430A
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China
Prior art keywords
cultivation
matrix
cultivation bed
substrate
fertilizer
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CN201610785732.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王安华
陈绍祥
何园
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Hunan Xintai City And Green Agriculture Group Co Ltd
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Hunan Xintai City And Green Agriculture Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201610785732.5A priority Critical patent/CN106386430A/en
Publication of CN106386430A publication Critical patent/CN106386430A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic substrate root controlling cultivation method for vegetables. The method comprises following steps: 1. cultivation substrate preparation; 2. cultivation groove preparation; 3. cultivation substrate laying: (1) insect proof net laying: after the groove bottom is disinfected, the cultivation groove is covered with a one meter wide insect proof net which is fixed with a U-shaped wire and soil; (2) substrate laying: fermented substrate is laid on the insect proof net and the cultivation groove is filled up with the fermented substrate; 4. substrate water and fertilizer management; 5. crop plantation; 6. substrate disinfection and reutilization. The purpose of the invention is to provide an organic substrate root controlling cultivation method for vegetables for solving the above problems; the buffer capability of vegetable roots is enhanced and insect pest is avoided; the method has simple technology, saves labor work and reduces cost and the substrate can be continuously utilized; the problem of continuous cropping of vegetable vegetables is solved and the shortcomings of high conventional soilless cultivation costs and technical difficulties are overcome.

Description

Vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method
Technical field
The invention belongs to facilities vegetable field of planting, specially a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method.
Background technology
In current greenhouse vegetable growing technology, typically come to vegetable using the administration base manure in soil with by the way of topdressing Dish growth provides necessary nutrient, and base manure is it is simply that will be more uniform to a number of chemical fertilizer and decomposed manure before field planting The soil being mixed into arable layer in, so that plough horizon is become rich in nutrition, then ditch or do ridge field planting vegetable seedling;Topdress, It is exactly during vegetable growth, when needing fertilizer amount larger, recover fertilizer in soil again or repeatedly, mode has ditch Apply, buriing, water punching etc..
Under such planting patterns, root system can unconfined elongation in soil, wider range of promulgation is deep, so Substantial amounts of soil has very big buffer capacity to various not right as rain rich water quality managements, so level of control relative loose, Technology is relatively easy, is relatively suitable for most farmers operation.But there are several shortcomings, one is that a lot of fertilizer are taken to deep soil by water In, also some are decomposed by the microorganisms recurrence air, and also some are fixed in arable layer and are no longer dissolve in water, along with fertile in soil Uniformly but Root Distribution is irregular for material, the few local fertilizer of root system waste just many, so many aspects to result in utilization rate of fertilizer low; Two is that the fertilizer being brought to deep layer forms pollution to soil and groundwater;Three is that pathogeny worm sources in soil exist all the time, so Pest and disease damage is difficult to eliminate.
Organic substrate ecology cultivation technique without soil adopts organic solid-state fertilizer substituted chemistry nutrient solution, and breaching soilless culture must Technology application cost and the application difficulty of soilless culture using the traditional concept of chemotrophy liquid, must be considerably reduced;Simultaneously Organic agriculture has successfully been imported to soilless culture by organic substrate ecology soilless culture, it is possible to achieve Installation Vegetable Cultivation high yield Amount, high-quality, the perfect adaptation of less manpower.
The development that the basic research of organic substrate ecology cultivation technique without soil has experienced nearly 20 years in China, in theory substantially Maturation, has been used for produce reality, but because China is vast in territory, various places agricultural biomass source, Species differences are very big, and with The continuous expansion of China's facilities vegetable scale, Installation Vegetable Cultivation problem encountered is also being constantly updated, and this technology is in reality Limitation present in production application increasingly projects so that this technology is still extremely limited in the application scale of China at present.Its Limitation is mainly manifested in:1st, disposable input is higher:Organic substrate ecology soilless culture adopts brick groove, the expenditure of construction of brick groove Every mu needs more than 6000 yuan, and scale large plantation family is difficult to bear.2nd, substrate buffer ability is weak:Organic substrate ecology soilless culture Take matrix completely isolated with soil, the requirement to water supply fertilizer is higher, root system is weaker to the buffer capacity of liquid manure, increased kind Plant difficulty, easily cause and cultivate unsuccessfully.3rd, the construction of cultivation bed is relatively complicated and can not carry out mechanized operation, objectively restricts The application of scale.
Content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is for problem above, provides a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method, enhances vegetable The buffer capacity of dish root system, it is to avoid insect pest;Its technology is simple, save recruitment, reduces cost, matrix sustainable use, solves The Soil-sickness Problem of facilities vegetable, overcomes conventional soilless culture high cost and the big shortcoming of technical difficulty.
For realizing object above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method, it comprises the following steps:
(1), cultivation matrix configuration:
(1) formulation selection:According to local agricultural biomass and fertilizer source, select different cultivation medium formulas.
(2) substrate fermentation:Using complex micro organism fungicide fermentation, organic materials participates in multiple after uniformly mixing by formula rate Close microbial bacterial agent, be uniformly mixed, keep water content 50%.First carry out 3 days aerobic fermentations, treat that material temperature reaches 70 DEG C in time Turning once, then carries out anaerobic fermentation, and material temperature reaches 70 DEG C about and carries out turning, when material temperature no longer rises close to ambient temperature Fermentation completes.
(2), cultivation bed setting:
(1) cultivation bed excavates:After soil in protected field ground is flattened, by 1.5m slot pitch, digging cultivation bed cross section processed is isosceles Trapezoidal cultivation bed, can bedding mulch film between groove.The cultivation bed system of digging can first with trench digging machinery again with being manually adjusted to type.
(2) cultivation bed sterilization:Cultivation bed digs after making, and applies nitrolim in bottom land by every mu 20, and then drip lid Film is sterilized.
(3), cultivation matrix laying:
(1) lay fly net:Bottom land sterilization is covered 1m width fly net on cultivation bed and is consolidated with soil with U-shaped iron wire after terminating Fixed.
(2) lay matrix:The matrix fermenting is laid on fly net and fills cultivation bed.
(4), matrix rich water quality management:
(1) organic fertilizer application:Fertilizer can be suited measures to local conditions using the chicken fully become thoroughly decomposed, ox, sheep, pig manure etc. or be used high-quality Organic commercial fertilizer, every cube of matrix adds 10-15.
(2) water supply fertilizer system is set:Using the droplet fill system that performance is excellent, above each groove spread 1 micro drip-irrigation band or Drip irrigation pipe, remains the unimpeded of weeper.
(5), crop-planting:According to different crop varieties, select different cultivation techniques.
(6), matrix sterilization and recycling:When summer changes crops, (can dry by old matrix Chicken dung in cultivation bed Smash to pieces) 10 1 volume ratio adds Chicken dung, and press 80/mu simultaneously and apply nitrolim, after fully mixing with old matrix Pour permeable, cover tightly plastic sheeting, sealing sterilization in 10~15 days.Throw off the plastic sheeting of cultivation bed after sterilization, matrix is smash again Loose airing 5~7 days, you can carry out next batch of cultivation.
Preferably, in step 4 matrix rich water quality management, arrange water supply fertilizer system (2) stage, micro drip-irrigation can with supporting Fertilizer applicator be connected, realize rich water integrated management.
Preferably, in the setting of step 2 cultivation bed, cultivation bed excavates (1) stage, digs that donsole is wide by 35, bottom width and Gao Jun Cultivation soil box for 25.
Preferably, in the configuration of step one cultivation matrix, formulation selection is by volume, maize straw:Rice husk:Slag: Chicken manure=5:2:2:1.
Preferably, in the configuration of step one cultivation matrix, formulation selection is by volume, maize straw:Slag:Chicken manure= 7:2:1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:The invention provides a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method, enhance vegetables The buffer capacity of root system, it is to avoid insect pest.Its technology is simple, save recruitment, reduces cost, matrix sustainable use, solves and sets Apply the Soil-sickness Problem of vegetables, overcome conventional soilless culture high cost and the big shortcoming of technical difficulty.
1st, the fermentation to matrix employs compound microorganism ferments, not only increases the fermenting speed of matrix, and can do To the thorough fermentation of matrix, increased matrix nutrient.
2nd, cultivation bed is changed to soil box, can carry out mechanized operation, not only greatly reduce disposable input cost, Er Qiecao Make simple.
3rd, matrix and soil adopt fly net to isolate, and not only increase the buffer capacity of vegetable root system, so that cultivation is easier, And the recycling quite convenient for matrix.
Specific embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art more fully understand technical scheme, below the present invention is retouched in detail State, the description of this part is only exemplary and explanatory, should not have any restriction effect to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:The planting site Yangtze river basin, yueyang, hunan Huarong, tomato organic substrate is planted.
(1), cultivation matrix configuration:
(1) formulation selection:According to local agricultural biomass and fertilizer source, select different cultivation medium formulas;Press Volume ratio is, maize straw:Rice husk:Slag:Chicken manure=5:2:2:1.
(2) substrate fermentation:Using complex micro organism fungicide fermentation, organic materials participates in multiple after uniformly mixing by formula rate Close microbial bacterial agent, be uniformly mixed, keep water content 50%;First carry out 3 days aerobic fermentations, treat that material temperature reaches 70 DEG C in time Turning once, then carries out anaerobic fermentation, and material temperature reaches 70 DEG C about and carries out turning, when material temperature no longer rises close to ambient temperature Fermentation completes.
(2), cultivation bed setting:
(1) cultivation bed excavates:After soil in protected field ground is flattened, by 1.5m slot pitch, digging cultivation bed cross section processed is isosceles Trapezoidal cultivation bed;Dig that donsole is wide by 35, bottom width and height be 25 cultivation soil box;Can bedding mulch film between groove;Cultivation bed digs System can first with trench digging machinery again with being manually adjusted to type.
(2) cultivation bed sterilization:Cultivation bed digs after making, and applies nitrolim in bottom land by every mu 20, and then drip lid Film is sterilized.
(3), cultivation matrix laying:
(1) lay fly net:Bottom land sterilization is covered 1m width fly net on cultivation bed and is consolidated with soil with U-shaped iron wire after terminating Fixed.
(2) lay matrix:The matrix fermenting is laid on fly net and fills cultivation bed.
(4), matrix rich water quality management:
(1) organic fertilizer application:Fertilizer can be suited measures to local conditions using the chicken fully become thoroughly decomposed, ox, sheep, pig manure etc. or be used high-quality Organic commercial fertilizer, every cube of matrix adds 10-15.
(2) water supply fertilizer system is set:Using the droplet fill system that performance is excellent, above each groove spread 1 micro drip-irrigation band or Drip irrigation pipe, remains the unimpeded of weeper.
(5), crop-planting:According to different crop varieties, select different cultivation techniques.
(6), matrix sterilization and recycling:When summer changes crops, (can dry by old matrix Chicken dung in cultivation bed Smash to pieces) 10 1 volume ratio adds Chicken dung, and press 80/mu simultaneously and apply nitrolim, after fully mixing with old matrix Pour permeable, cover tightly plastic sheeting, sealing sterilization in 10~15 days.Throw off the plastic sheeting of cultivation bed after sterilization, matrix is smash again Loose airing 5~7 days, you can carry out next batch of cultivation.
Preferably, in step 4 matrix rich water quality management, arrange water supply fertilizer system (2) stage, micro drip-irrigation can with supporting Fertilizer applicator be connected, realize rich water integrated management.
Embodiment 2:The planting site Yangtze river basin, yueyang, hunan Huarong, capsicum organic substrate is planted.
A kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method, it comprises the following steps:
(1), cultivation matrix configuration:
(1) formulation selection:According to local agricultural biomass and fertilizer source, select different cultivation medium formulas.Press Volume ratio is, maize straw:Slag:Chicken manure=7:2:1.
(2) substrate fermentation:Using complex micro organism fungicide fermentation, organic materials participates in multiple after uniformly mixing by formula rate Close microbial bacterial agent, be uniformly mixed, keep water content 50%.First carry out 3 days aerobic fermentations, treat that material temperature reaches 70 DEG C in time Turning once, then carries out anaerobic fermentation, and material temperature reaches 70 DEG C about and carries out turning, when material temperature no longer rises close to ambient temperature Fermentation completes.
(2), cultivation bed setting:
(1) cultivation bed excavates:After soil in protected field ground is flattened, by 1.5m slot pitch, digging cultivation bed cross section processed is isosceles Trapezoidal cultivation bed;Dig that donsole is wide by 35, bottom width and height be 25 cultivation soil box;Can bedding mulch film between groove.Cultivation bed digs System can first with trench digging machinery again with being manually adjusted to type.
(2) cultivation bed sterilization:Cultivation bed digs after making, and applies nitrolim in bottom land by every mu 20, and then drip lid Film is sterilized.
(3), cultivation matrix laying:
(1) lay fly net:Bottom land sterilization is covered 1m width fly net on cultivation bed and is consolidated with soil with U-shaped iron wire after terminating Fixed.
(2) lay matrix:The matrix fermenting is laid on fly net and fills cultivation bed.
(4), matrix rich water quality management:
(1) organic fertilizer application:Fertilizer can be suited measures to local conditions using the chicken fully become thoroughly decomposed, ox, sheep, pig manure etc. or be used high-quality Organic commercial fertilizer, every cube of matrix adds 10-15.
(2) water supply fertilizer system is set:Using the droplet fill system that performance is excellent, above each groove spread 1 micro drip-irrigation band or Drip irrigation pipe, remains the unimpeded of weeper.Micro drip-irrigation can be connected with supporting fertilizer applicator, realizes rich water integrated management.
(5), crop-planting:According to different crop varieties, select different cultivation techniques.
(6), matrix sterilization and recycling:When summer changes crops, (can dry by old matrix Chicken dung in cultivation bed Smash to pieces) 10 1 volume ratio adds Chicken dung, and press 80/mu simultaneously and apply nitrolim, after fully mixing with old matrix Pour permeable, cover tightly plastic sheeting, sealing sterilization in 10~15 days.Throw off the plastic sheeting of cultivation bed after sterilization, matrix is smash again Loose airing 5~7 days, you can carry out next batch of cultivation.
The present invention can overcome the harm of root-knot nematode, has that technology is simple, save recruitment, reduces cost, matrix can be held The advantages of continuous utilization, excellent product quality, high-yield and high-efficiency, not only solve the Soil-sickness Problem of facilities vegetable, but also gram Conventional soilless culture high cost and the big shortcoming of technical difficulty are taken.This technology makes full use of crop material, rice husk, livestock-raising The agricultural wastes such as animal wastes, make organic substrate to develop vegetables production.Therefore, the popularization and application of this technology, right Have great importance in developing ecology circular agriculture and promotion facilities vegetable sustainable development.This technology is suitable to China facility vegetable Dish main producing region, the especially serious area of soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle.
The present invention has the outstanding advantage that operation is simple, with low cost, high-yield and high-efficiency is easy to popularization, and cultivation matrix is disposable Put into about 4000 yuan/mu, the renewal allotment of cultivation matrix later need to put into about 600 yuan/mu every year, repeats using 3 years, averagely Annual input about 2000 yuan/mu, the base manure input cost quite or less than soil cultivation.This technology has significant volume increase effect Really, the increase also highly significant of therefore economic benefit.Compared with soil cultivation, using the tamato fruit tomato of this technology production Red pigment and Vitamin C content significantly improve, and marketing quality is obviously improved, and early spring stubble tomato reaches every mu 12100, and the capsicum autumn prolongs Keeping fresh on plants ratooning of surviving the winter reaches every mu 9120 afterwards.
It should be noted that herein, term " inclusion ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to non-row The comprising of his property, so that including a series of process of key elements, method, article or equipment not only include those key elements, and And also include other key elements of being not expressly set out, or also include intrinsic for this process, method, article or equipment institute Key element.
Specific case used herein is set forth to the principle of the present invention and embodiment, the explanation of above example It is only intended to help and understand the method for the present invention and its core concept.The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should When pointing out due to the finiteness of literal expression, and objectively there is unlimited concrete structure, for the common skill of the art For art personnel, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvement, retouching or change can also be made it is also possible to incite somebody to action Above-mentioned technical characteristic is combined by rights;These improve retouching, change or combine, or the not improved structure by invention Think and technical scheme directly applies to other occasions, be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method is it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
(1), cultivation matrix configuration:
(1) formulation selection:According to local agricultural biomass and fertilizer source, select different cultivation medium formulas;
(2) substrate fermentation:Using complex micro organism fungicide fermentation, organic materials participates in compound micro- after uniformly mixing by formula rate Bacteria agent, is uniformly mixed, and keeps water content 50%;First carry out 3 days aerobic fermentations, treat that material temperature reaches 70 DEG C of timely turnings Once, then carry out anaerobic fermentation, material temperature reaches 70 DEG C about and carries out turning, ferments when material temperature no longer rises close to ambient temperature Complete;
(2), cultivation bed setting:
(1) cultivation bed excavates:After soil in protected field ground is flattened, by 1.5m slot pitch, digging cultivation bed cross section processed is isosceles trapezoid Cultivation bed, can bedding mulch film between groove;The cultivation bed system of digging can first with trench digging machinery again with being manually adjusted to type;
(2) cultivation bed sterilization:Cultivation bed digs after making, and applies nitrolim in bottom land by every mu 20, and the epiphragma that then drips disappears Poison;
(3), cultivation matrix laying:
(1) lay fly net:Bottom land sterilization covers 1m width fly net on cultivation bed after terminating and is fixed with U-shaped iron wire and soil;
(2) lay matrix:The matrix fermenting is laid on fly net and fills cultivation bed;
(4), matrix rich water quality management:
(1) organic fertilizer application:Fertilizer can be suited measures to local conditions using the chicken fully become thoroughly decomposed, ox, sheep, pig manure etc. or be used best buy Fertilizer, every cube of matrix adds 10-15;
(2) water supply fertilizer system is set:Using the droplet fill system that performance is excellent, above each groove, spread 1 micro drip-irrigation band or drip irrigation Pipe, remains the unimpeded of weeper;
(5), crop-planting:According to different crop varieties, select different cultivation techniques;
(6), matrix sterilization and recycling:When summer changes crops, (can be dried and smash by old matrix Chicken dung in cultivation bed Broken) 10 1 volume ratio adds Chicken dung, and press 80/mu simultaneously and apply nitrolim, pour after fully mixing with old matrix Permeable, cover tightly plastic sheeting, sealing sterilization in 10~15 days;Throw off the plastic sheeting of cultivation bed after sterilization, matrix is smash again pine Airing 5~7 days, you can carry out next batch of cultivation.
2. a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that in step 4 matrix In rich water quality management, be set, micro drip-irrigation can be connected with supporting fertilizer applicator water supply fertilizer system (2) stage, realize rich water integration Management.
3. a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that cultivate in step 2 In groove setting, cultivation bed excavates (1) stage, dig that donsole is wide by 35, bottom width and height be 25 cultivation soil box.
4. a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that cultivate in step one In matrix configuration, formulation selection is by volume, maize straw:Rice husk:Slag:Chicken manure=5:2:2:1.
5. a kind of vegetables organic group Quality Control root cultural method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that cultivate in step one In matrix configuration, formulation selection is by volume, maize straw:Slag:Chicken manure=7:2:1.
CN201610785732.5A 2016-08-31 2016-08-31 Organic substrate root controlling cultivation method for vegetables Pending CN106386430A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109430024A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-03-08 安徽尊贵现代农业科技有限公司 A kind of fruits and vegetables soilless culture method

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2598342Y (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-01-14 李远新 Ornamental type tomato substrate cultivating device
CN1478381A (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-03-03 上海交通大学 Vegetable, melon and fruit tree organic soilless cultivation technology
CN101233806A (en) * 2008-03-13 2008-08-06 徐州久久农业科技发展有限公司 Space vegetable organic ecological cultivation method
CN101341849A (en) * 2008-08-28 2009-01-14 山东农业大学 Organic matter basis cultivation method for vegetable overcoming root-knot nematodiasis of soil
CN102204467A (en) * 2011-05-12 2011-10-05 刘立功 Method for cultivating organic matrix of vegetable

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1478381A (en) * 2002-08-26 2004-03-03 上海交通大学 Vegetable, melon and fruit tree organic soilless cultivation technology
CN2598342Y (en) * 2003-03-14 2004-01-14 李远新 Ornamental type tomato substrate cultivating device
CN101233806A (en) * 2008-03-13 2008-08-06 徐州久久农业科技发展有限公司 Space vegetable organic ecological cultivation method
CN101341849A (en) * 2008-08-28 2009-01-14 山东农业大学 Organic matter basis cultivation method for vegetable overcoming root-knot nematodiasis of soil
CN102204467A (en) * 2011-05-12 2011-10-05 刘立功 Method for cultivating organic matrix of vegetable

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109430024A (en) * 2018-12-19 2019-03-08 安徽尊贵现代农业科技有限公司 A kind of fruits and vegetables soilless culture method

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