CN105777332A - On-site processing method for summer vegetable leaf and vegetable waste - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an on-site processing method for summer vegetable leaf and vegetable waste, and relates to the technical field of planting industries in agricultural production.The processing method comprises the steps that in a two-crop continuous cropping region, the harvest time of first-crop vegetables is just in a high-temperature and rainy season, and after the commodity vegetables are harvested, the waste is retained in a field without being moved, exposed to wind, sun and rain on the planting ridge surfaces, naturally dewatered and air-dried after one week and then moved to blank lines between every two adjacent planting ridges on site; the film surface is cleaned, second-crop vegetables are transplanted on the ridges, seedling survival water is poured, after soil of the blank lines is dry, ammonium bicarbonate, pesticides and fungicides are sprayed on the concentrated waste, ammonium bicarbonate is sprayed at 10 kg/mu, artificial ploughing or ploughing with a small rotary cultivator is performed, the waste is turned and buried into the soil, then irrigation, fertilization and management are performed, and the waste is naturally rotted to be returned to the field on site.The on-site processing method is simple in working procedure, high in operability, low in cost, high in processing efficiency, convenient for vegetable farmers to master and capable of being popularized in large area.

Description

A kind of summer vegetable leaf vegetables garbage on-site treatment method

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the plant husbandry technical field in agricultural production, be specifically related to a kind of summer vegetable leaf vegetables garbage on-site treatment method.

Background technology:

Plateau, Lanzhou summer vegetable is to utilize the climatic characteristics such as northwest plateau area height above sea level, sunshine are sufficient, summer is nice and cool, day and night temperature is big, at the quality vegetables of production in summer, according to the height above sea level in growing area, reasonable arrangement plantation crops for rotation, reaches the balanced listing of ladder time.Can continue to supply at the beginning of 10 months from annual late May, compensate for the breach of southeastern coast summer vegetable supply, there are the good listing working days, have good popularity and brand influence in the whole nation, especially the principal item such as cauliflower, Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae, baby cabbage.Every year with the quantity of nearly 800,000 tons, occupy the consumption market of China Southeastern Coastal Cities, favored by consumers, define the stable consumer group.

In recent years, the cordial support of production and marketing two places government, meticulously the instructing and under wholesale market supports energetically of agrotechnical department, cultivated area rises year by year again, add up according to agricultural sector, Yuzhong County, main producing region 2015 Annual planting area has reached 360,000 mu, average mu takes in 5000～8000 yuan, it has also become the most effective outlet that local increasing peasant income are got rich.Expansion along with plateau summer vegetable cultivated area, the a large amount of export trade of market vegetables (year, sales volume was more than 80,000 tons), has left over substantial amounts of stem and leaf and root stubble in field, and these residues are referred to as " garbage ", it is substantially 1～1.5 times of commodity amount, year generation amount about 1,000,000 tons.Substantial amounts of garbage is piled up in field, the edge of a field, roadside, sill may, vadum, rots, and causes the pollution of serious air, water source and home environment, becomes one big " public hazards ".

How quickly to process in time, it has also become be only second to the outstanding problem of market, have influence on the summer vegetable sustainable development of plateau, Lanzhou.Although government pays much attention to, pass through nursery finance, processing method is constantly explored by engineering department, as: ground compost, underground compost and batch production such as focus at the measure, but all to transport field by a large amount of garbages from plantation field, the amount of labour used is big, labour force is in short supply, equipment investment is big, take a lot of work, time-consuming, process the drawbacks such as not thorough, it is impossible to by vast farmers, the masses generally accept.

Existing technical scheme is as follows:

One, ground compost technology, as shown in Figure 1: manually removed from field by garbage, concentrates on the vacant lots such as the edge of a field, roadside, sill may, beach and concentrates compost to do organic fertilizer after processing.At field, one thickness of the ground paving plastics more than 0.01 millimeter, about 3m²Left and right, first spreads soil, thickness 15cm-20cm on plastics, it puts the thick one layer of garbage of 20cm, makes real, then sprinkle straw decomposing inoculant in proportion, covering the soil of a layer thickness 15cm-20cm again, once analogize, last layer is soil, highly about 1.5m, then cover tightly with expected cloth, the temperature in results of regular determination heap, when heap central temperature reaches 80 DEG C, artificial turning, make the garbage in heap mix with soil, being further continued for compost about 10 days, the coating blinding of juice after garbage is rotten absorbs, and becomes organic fertilizer.

Two, fertile pond compost technology, as shown in Figure 2: first dig 9m at the edge of a field of planting vegetable³(3m × 2m × 1.5m) makes compost pond, for juice loss after preventing garbage from rotting, makes compost at the bottom of pond and surrounding builds brick after 12cm, more floating by cement mortar, and mortar starts to make compost after parching.Garbage is manually removed from field, concentrates on and make compost by pond, take plantation ground surface soil and be sprinkling upon at the bottom of pond, thickness is about 20cm, then spreads garbage and be about 20cm, and sprinkles straw decomposing inoculant having peace of mind, spread soil and garbage again, by that analogy, exceed edge, pond about 1m, the superiors are soil, cover Polypropylence Sheet compost, the temperature in the middle part of results of regular determination pond, when reaching 80 DEG C, artificial turning, make the garbage in heap mix with soil, being further continued for compost about 10 days, the coating blinding of juice after garbage is rotten absorbs, and becomes organic fertilizer.

Three, cultivation processes, and as shown in Figure 3: choose a small amount of garbage blade without pest and disease damage, makees the feedstuff of cultivation domestic animal, tenebrio molitor, Lumbricus, and these material culture Excretas do fertilizer also field.

Four, batch production processes, as shown in Figure 4: offal treatment factory is built in addressing, by the garbage roping of land for growing field crops garbage and vegetable trade market to fixed point offal treatment factory, in factory by cleaning, then after mechanical activation comminution filters, a part of garbage slag adds the beneficial microbe of suitable for plant, makes biological organic fertilizer, gives back farmland；Another part garbage slag adds the beneficial microbe of suitable animals, makes biological feedstuff, and after feeding domestic animal, Excreta is giving back farmland；It addition, the waste water after cleaning and filtering is added with beneficial microorganism or other organic or inorganic nutrient, make Liquid Fertilizer.

Prior art has a disadvantage in that

One, ground compost technology: relatively costly, time-consuming, treating capacity is limited, manually completes entirely, and it is many to throw work, and peasant is unwilling to accept.

Two, fertile pond compost technology: turning difficulty is big, adds the labor intensity that labor inputs processes, and building pond increases again cost；Relatively costly, time-consuming, treating capacity is limited

Three, cultivation treatment technology: add processing links, relatively costly, time-consuming, treating capacity is limited

Four, batch production treatment technology: processing cost is higher, it is necessary to the investment of main equipment and auxiliary equipment, once puts into height, and treating capacity is not mated with garbage supply；Needing to purchase specially garbage, what peasant will not be conscious sends to process garbage from field concentration, and the sewage of process need to strictly control reprocessing, otherwise can cause the secondary pollution of environment.

Summary of the invention:

Present invention aims to the defect of prior art and deficiency, it is provided that a kind of summer vegetable leaf vegetables garbage on-site treatment method.

In order to solve the problem existing for background technology, a kind of summer vegetable leaf vegetables garbage on-site treatment method of the present invention, its processing method is:

One, area continuous cropping two batches, first batch of dish harvest time is on the occasion of high temperature and rainy season, after market vegetables results, garbage is retained in field, do not do any movement, the face, ridge of plantation is allowed to expose to the weather and drench with rain, after one week, natural-dehydration is air-dry, then the null between two plantation ridges is moved on the spot, clean face subsequently, ridge is transplanted second batch of vegetable, pour seedling recovering water immediately, after null antecedent soil moisture, the garbage concentrated sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate 10kg/ mu, insecticide and antibacterial, artificial immediately or small-size rotary tiller is ploughed, garbage is turned over and is buried in the earth, later with pouring water, fertilising and management, garbage rots naturally, give back farmland on the spot；

Two, after second batch of market vegetables results, owing to temperature is relatively low, illumination relative deficiency, mulch film on plantation ridge can be removed, garbage is uniformly spread on ground, and spreads fertilizer over the fields straw decomposing inoculant 2-3kg/ mu, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 50kg/ mu or spray EM effective microbe diluent, combining to plough deeply with rotary cultivator again and place into the soil, finally rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.

Present invention have the beneficial effect that workflow is simple, workable, with low cost, treatment effeciency is high, it is simple to vegetable grower grasps；Solve that the infusion of financial resources of existing background technology is many, Lao Liduo, labor intensity are big, treatment effeciency is relatively low, peasant is reluctant the defect of conscious acceptance, particularly can alleviate labour force's anxiety problem, can spread.

Accompanying drawing illustrates:

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of ground compost in background technology；

Fig. 2 is the flow chart of fertile pond compost in background technology；

Fig. 3 is the flow chart that in background technology, cultivation processes；

Fig. 4 is the flow chart that in background technology, batch production processes；

Fig. 5 is the flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed description of the invention:

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.

In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that detailed description of the invention described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.

As it is shown in figure 5, the processing method that this detailed description of the invention adopts the following technical scheme that it is:

One, in the area of continuous cropping two batches, garbage, on the occasion of high temperature and rainy season, after market vegetables results, is retained in field, does not do any movement, be allowed to expose to the weather and drench with rain, play the effect of protection mulch film on the face, ridge of plantation by first batch of dish harvest time.After one week, natural-dehydration is air-dry, Biomass significantly declines, according to measuring and calculating, 80%-90% can be reduced, then the null between two plantation ridges is moved on the spot, clean face subsequently, ridge is transplanted second batch of vegetable, immediately pour seedling recovering water, after null antecedent soil moisture, the garbage concentrated sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate 10kg/ mu, insecticide and antibacterial, artificial immediately or small-size rotary tiller is ploughed, and is turned over by garbage and is buried in the earth, later with pouring water, apply fertilizer and managing, garbage rots naturally, gives back farmland on the spot.

Two, after second batch of market vegetables results, owing to temperature is relatively low, illumination relative deficiency, mulch film on plantation ridge can be removed, garbage is uniformly spread on ground, and spreads fertilizer over the fields straw decomposing inoculant 2-3kg/ mu, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 50kg/ mu or spray EM effective microbe diluent, combining to plough deeply with rotary cultivator again and place into the soil, finally rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.Having the saturating topsoil of filling of irrigation condition, be conducive to decomposition of becoming thoroughly decomposed, the coming year can increase the soil organism and nutrient.

The operation principle of this detailed description of the invention is:

The above, only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, other amendment that technical scheme is made by those of ordinary skill in the art or equivalent replace, without departing from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be encompassed in the middle of scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (1)

1. a summer vegetable leaf vegetables garbage on-site treatment method, it is characterised in that: its processing method is:

One, area continuous cropping two batches, first batch of dish harvest time is on the occasion of high temperature and rainy season, after market vegetables results, garbage is retained in field, do not do any movement, the face, ridge of plantation is allowed to expose to the weather and drench with rain, after one week, natural-dehydration is air-dry, then the null between two plantation ridges is moved on the spot, clean face subsequently, ridge is transplanted second batch of vegetable, pour seedling recovering water immediately, after null antecedent soil moisture, the garbage concentrated sprinkles ammonium hydrogen carbonate 10kg/ mu, insecticide and antibacterial, artificial immediately or small-size rotary tiller is ploughed, garbage is turned over and is buried in the earth, later with pouring water, fertilising and management, garbage rots naturally, give back farmland on the spot；

Two, after second batch of market vegetables results, owing to temperature is relatively low, illumination relative deficiency, mulch film on plantation ridge can be removed, garbage is uniformly spread on ground, and spreads fertilizer over the fields straw decomposing inoculant 2-3kg/ mu, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 50kg/ mu or spray EM effective microbe diluent, combining to plough deeply with rotary cultivator again and place into the soil, finally rake a kind of farm tools is smooth.