CN108307914A - A kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation - Google Patents

A kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108307914A
CN108307914A CN201810234720.2A CN201810234720A CN108307914A CN 108307914 A CN108307914 A CN 108307914A CN 201810234720 A CN201810234720 A CN 201810234720A CN 108307914 A CN108307914 A CN 108307914A
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China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
ponkan
seedling
raw material
fermentation
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CN201810234720.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
许天杰
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Hubei Yaan Technology Development Co Ltd
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Hubei Yaan Technology Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810234720.2A priority Critical patent/CN108307914A/en
Publication of CN108307914A publication Critical patent/CN108307914A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation, specific cultivation is as follows:The suitable cultivation field of selection;Ponkan cultivates preceding field trench digging, paving applies matrix fertilizer;Ponkan seedling is placed in ditch item, is inserted and is planted at seedling with soil, formed groove between adjacent seedling, stack weeds in the trench;To seedling fertilization:Apply a compoiste fertilizer after growth of seedling plantation every two months, and applies phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, fruiting pre-treatment before spring and summer autumn growth takes out hair:In seedling Post flowering, whole buds are plucked, until allowing treelet fruiting third year again.The present invention is by item of ditching, and the cultivation and fermentation base fertilizer directly in ditch item so that the nutrient in soil can be sufficiently reserved, and then ensure the supply of nutrient in Ponkan.

Description

A kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation
Technical field
The invention belongs to the field of planting of Ponkan, are related to a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation.
Background technology
Ponkan is the wide skin citrus of China's characteristic, 95% or more of area and yield Jun Zhan world's gross areas and yield, Ponkan has that fruit yield is big, and integrated quality is excellent, the heat-resisting cold-resistant characteristic of plant strain growth, and Ponkan is mainly planted in south such as Hunan Area needs in traditional Ponkan growth course the field for selecting fertile soil to be planted, so keep Ponkan yield and Mouthfeel, but the soil of many Ponkan planting sites is more barren, when existing measure, realize effective growth of Ponkan by fertilising, It is not only of high cost, and long-term kind for Ponkan is implanted with certain influence.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological cultivation methods of Ponkan plantation, by item of ditching, and directly exist Cultivation and fermentation base fertilizer in ditch item so that the nutrient in soil can be sufficiently reserved, and then ensure the supply of nutrient in Ponkan, and And groove is formed between adjacent seedling when Ponkan is cultivated, and weeds are stacked in the trench, the groove when irrigating and being rainy Water is not direct when can be retained, and can ensure irrigation contacts with Ponkan, and then it is rotten to prevent Ponkan root to be immersed in water, and passes through The effect of blocking of weeds can prevent the long-term direct projection of the sun from causing moisture rapidly losing and arid, and there is certain guarantor's dry farming to use, And then ensure the sugariness of Ponkan fruit.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation, specific cultivation are as follows:
The first step selects suitable cultivation field:In order to ensure the fruit size of Ponkan, sugariness and the property of water-bearing, light is selected It is good according to condition, cultivated close to the field at water source;
Second step, Ponkan cultivate the pretreatment in preceding field:The weeds in field and other kinds of preparation are removed totally, so After open several ditch items disposed in parallel, the distance between adjacent ditch item is 3.5-3.8 meter, and the depth of ditch item is 1-1.3 meters, collection Agricultural crop straw, removing weeds dry after smash, and the stalk smashed and weeds are mixed evenly with bran, obtain base Base fertilizer raw material, and substrate fertilizer raw material is uniformly laid on ditch bottom, laying depth is controlled in 20-30cm, is laid backward It pours water in ditch item, keeps the substrate fertilizer raw material in ditch item to soak completely, then spread fertilizer over the fields vegetation on the substrate fertilizer raw material of water saturates Ash, methane liquid and human and animal excreta ensure that substrate fertilizer is former after spreading fertilizer over the fields completely with the sludge bedding of fish pond bottom of pond on substrate fertilizer raw material Expect that the complete post curing of bedding is placed 25-30 days, bedding thickness control is in 3-6cm;Contain plant in natural straw, weeds and bran Necessary nitrogen, potassium element, P elements and various trace elements have the microorganisms such as bulk fermentation bacterium in methane liquid, pass through With soil covering after pouring water, moist closed environment is formed, is conducive to zymogenic breeding and effect, zymophyte is to substrate fertilizer raw material It ferments, generates a large amount of beneficial bacterium, and the beneficial compound and Element release that contain in substrate fertilizer raw material are come out, in turn The fertility of substrate soil in ditch item can be enhanced, the growing way of Ponkan when ensureing later stage cultivation, and contain in the sludge of fish pond bottom of pond The remains and excrement for having a large amount of fish are conducive to the fermentation of microorganism, while by will all be laid with substrate fertilizer raw material in ditch item, making Ponkan is obtained during late growth, neighbouring nutrient can be absorbed by root system, and then ensure the supply of nutrient in Ponkan, and And the growth needs of Ponkan can be supplied in plant ash containing a large amount of potassium element, while the aobvious alkalinity of plant ash, tide can be adjusted The acid-base property of wet closed environment, and then be conducive to zymogenic breeding and fermentation, improve fermentation efficiency;
Third walks, the plantation of Ponkan seedling:Ponkan seedling is placed in ditch item, the gap between every seedling is maintained at It 2 meters, is inserted and is planted at seedling with soil, the root of seedling is completely covered, the ditch item on seedling both sides is then without any processing so that phase Groove is formed between adjacent seedling, stacks weeds in the trench, and directly irrigate water in groove when irrigating with the later stage, together When rainy groove can be retained, and water is not direct when can ensure irrigation is contacted with Ponkan, and then prevents Ponkan root quilt Water, which impregnates, to rot;It can prevent the long-term direct projection of the sun from causing moisture rapidly losing and arid by the effect of blocking of weeds;
4th step, to seedling fertilization:Applied a compoiste fertilizer every two months after growth of seedling plantation, and in spring and summer Autumn growth applies phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer before taking out hair, and the specific process that applies is as follows, and a placing groove is dug in the soil above seedling rhizome, will Compoiste fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer of preparation cover soil after being positioned in placing groove, when all compoiste fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen Fertilizer sprays a small amount of water after applying at the soil for spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer;Ensure a great number of elements such as the carbon N P and K in organic fertilizer with it is micro Element is penetrated into the root of seedling, and then ensures the absorption of root system;
5th step, fruiting pre-treatment:In seedling Post flowering, whole buds are plucked, until allowing treelet fruiting third year again;Control Fruit-growing time processed can ensure that Ponkan tree crown expands rapidly, and then improve the fruit bearing rate during late growth.
The preparation method of the compoiste fertilizer is as follows:
Step 1, by soya-bean cake ground-slag it is broken after be put into fermentation tank, 40 DEG C of warm water is added thereto and stirs evenly, then plus Entering vinasse, trace element materials borax, molybdenite powder, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate is added in ferment at constant temperature 10-13 days, It stirs evenly rear constant temperature continuing fermentation 2-3 days, obtains fermentation raw material;The fermentation to soya-bean cake slag is realized by the microorganism in vinasse It decomposes so that the organic matter in soya-bean cake slag is decomposed into a large amount of amino acid and protein, and the not growth offer of only microorganism is supported Material, while it being capable of providing the necessary nitrogen source of plant growth and phosphorus source, while the addition of various trace elements can be decomposed with soya-bean cake Chelating amino acids form microelement chelate, and then by micro fixation, and be the growth of plant during later stage use Required trace element is provided;
Step 2, the mixed raw material after straw, rice husk crushing is put into fermentation cabin, then fermentation raw material is taken to pour into In fermentation cabin, room temperature is fermented 15-20 days;
Step 3, it is crushed after marsh slag, cow dung, chicken manure being dried, obtains fertile base-material, fertile base-material is added in fermentation cabin, is stirred Ferment at constant temperature 7-10 days after mixing are mixed, the material residue in fermentation cabin is then taken out, further crushes and obtains after material residue is dried Compoiste fertilizer, while remaining feed liquid is used directly for irrigating Ponkan in fermentation cabin;
Vinasse 780-800g is added in step 1 in every kilogram of soya-bean cake slag, 3-3.2 kilograms of warm water is added;Every kilogram of beans simultaneously The gross mass that trace element materials are added in cake slag is 35-40g, borax, molybdenite powder, sulfuric acid wherein in trace element materials The mass ratio of manganese, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate is:2.1:3.4:1:1:1;
2.3-2.6 kilograms of fermenation raw liquid is added in step 2 in every kilogram of mixed raw material.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention is by item of ditching, and the cultivation and fermentation base fertilizer directly in ditch item so that the nutrient in soil can It is sufficiently reserved, and then ensures the supply of nutrient in Ponkan.
Groove is formed between the present invention seedling adjacent when Ponkan is cultivated, and stacks weeds in the trench, is being irrigated With it is rainy when groove can be retained, and water is not direct when can ensure irrigation is contacted with Ponkan, and then prevents Ponkan root by water It impregnates and rots, can prevent the long-term direct projection of the sun from causing moisture rapidly losing and arid by the effect of blocking of weeds, have one Fixed guarantor's dry farming is used, and then ensures the sugariness of Ponkan fruit.
The present invention directly uses compound organic fertilizer in Ponkan growth course, not only saves cost, and compound organic fertilizer In the nitrogen source, carbon source, the phosphorus source that are needed containing the growth of a large amount of Ponkan, contain trace element existing for a large amount of chelating forms simultaneously, It will not adequately can be absorbed by Ponkan directly with water loss after fertilising, supply growth needs.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1:
It first has to prepare compoiste fertilizer, specific preparation process is as follows:
Step 1, by 10kg soya-bean cake ground-slags it is broken after be put into fermentation tank, it is that 40 DEG C of warm water stirs that 30kg temperature is added thereto Mix uniformly, be then added 7.8kg vinasse, ferment at constant temperature 10 days, be added 8.65g boraxs, 14g molybdenites powder, 4.12g manganese sulfates, 4.12g zinc sulfate and 4.12g ferrous sulfate, stir evenly rear constant temperature continuing fermentation 2 days, obtain fermentation raw material;By in vinasse Microorganism realize the fermentation of soya-bean cake slag decomposed so that the organic matter in soya-bean cake slag is decomposed into a large amount of amino acid and albumen Matter, the not growth of only microorganism supply nutrients, while being capable of providing the necessary nitrogen source of plant growth and phosphorus source, while various micro- The chelating amino acids that can be decomposed with soya-bean cake that are added of secondary element form microelement chelate, and then by micro fixation, and During later stage use required trace element is provided for the growth of plant;
Step 2, the mixed raw material 5kg after straw, rice husk crushing is put into fermentation cabin, then 11.5kg is taken to ferment Raw material pours into fermentation cabin, and room temperature is fermented 15-20 days;
Step 3, it is crushed after marsh slag, cow dung, chicken manure being dried, obtains fertile base-material, fertile base-material is added in fermentation cabin, is stirred Ferment at constant temperature 7-10 days after mixing are mixed, the material residue in fermentation cabin is then taken out, further crushes and obtains after material residue is dried Compoiste fertilizer, while remaining feed liquid is used directly for irrigating Ponkan in fermentation cabin.
Embodiment 2:
The specific preparation process of compoiste fertilizer is as follows:
Step 1, by 10kg soya-bean cake ground-slags it is broken after be put into fermentation tank, it is that 40 DEG C of warm water stirs that 32kg temperature is added thereto Mix uniformly, be then added 8kg vinasse, ferment at constant temperature 13 days, be added 9.87g boraxs, 15.98g molybdenites powder, 4.7g manganese sulfates, 4.7g zinc sulfate and 4.7g ferrous sulfate, stir evenly rear constant temperature continuing fermentation 2-3 days, obtain fermentation raw material;By in vinasse Microorganism realize the fermentation of soya-bean cake slag decomposed so that the organic matter in soya-bean cake slag is decomposed into a large amount of amino acid and albumen Matter, the not growth of only microorganism supply nutrients, while being capable of providing the necessary nitrogen source of plant growth and phosphorus source, while various micro- The chelating amino acids that can be decomposed with soya-bean cake that are added of secondary element form microelement chelate, and then by micro fixation, and During later stage use required trace element is provided for the growth of plant;
Step 2, the mixed raw material 5kg after straw, rice husk crushing is put into fermentation cabin, then takes 13kg proferments Material pours into fermentation cabin, and room temperature is fermented 15-20 days;
Step 3, it is crushed after marsh slag, cow dung, chicken manure being dried, obtains fertile base-material, fertile base-material is added in fermentation cabin, is stirred Ferment at constant temperature 7-10 days after mixing are mixed, the material residue in fermentation cabin is then taken out, further crushes and obtains after material residue is dried Compoiste fertilizer, while remaining feed liquid is used directly for irrigating Ponkan in fermentation cabin.
Embodiment 3:
The specific ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation is as follows:
The first step selects suitable cultivation field:In order to ensure the fruit size of Ponkan, sugariness and the property of water-bearing, light is selected It is good according to condition, cultivated close to the field at water source;
Second step, Ponkan cultivate the pretreatment in preceding field:The weeds in field and other kinds of preparation are removed totally, so After open several ditch items disposed in parallel, the distance between adjacent ditch item is 3.5-3.8 meter, and the depth of ditch item is 1-1.3 meters, collection Agricultural crop straw, removing weeds dry after smash, and the stalk smashed and weeds are mixed evenly with bran, obtain base Base fertilizer raw material, and substrate fertilizer raw material is uniformly laid on ditch bottom, laying depth is controlled in 20-30cm, is laid backward It pours water in ditch item, keeps the substrate fertilizer raw material in ditch item to soak completely, then spread fertilizer over the fields vegetation on the substrate fertilizer raw material of water saturates Ash, methane liquid and human and animal excreta ensure that substrate fertilizer is former after spreading fertilizer over the fields completely with the sludge bedding of fish pond bottom of pond on substrate fertilizer raw material Expect that the complete post curing of bedding is placed 25-30 days, bedding thickness control is in 3-6cm;Contain plant in natural straw, weeds and bran Necessary nitrogen, potassium element, P elements and various trace elements have the microorganisms such as bulk fermentation bacterium in methane liquid, pass through With soil covering after pouring water, moist closed environment is formed, is conducive to zymogenic breeding and effect, zymophyte is to substrate fertilizer raw material It ferments, generates a large amount of beneficial bacterium, and the beneficial compound and Element release that contain in substrate fertilizer raw material are come out, in turn The fertility of substrate soil in ditch item can be enhanced, the growing way of Ponkan when ensureing later stage cultivation, and contain in the sludge of fish pond bottom of pond The remains and excrement for having a large amount of fish are conducive to the fermentation of microorganism, while by will all be laid with substrate fertilizer raw material in ditch item, making Ponkan is obtained during late growth, neighbouring nutrient can be absorbed by root system, and then ensure the supply of nutrient in Ponkan, and And the growth needs of Ponkan can be supplied in plant ash containing a large amount of potassium element, while the aobvious alkalinity of plant ash, tide can be adjusted The acid-base property of wet closed environment, and then be conducive to zymogenic breeding and fermentation, improve fermentation efficiency;
Third walks, the plantation of Ponkan seedling:Biennial Ponkan seedling is placed in ditch item, the gap between every seedling 2 meters are maintained at, is inserted and is planted at seedling with soil, the root of seedling is completely covered, the ditch item on seedling both sides is then without any processing, So that forming groove between adjacent seedling, weeds are stacked in the trench, and directly irrigate water in ditch when irrigating with the later stage In slot, while groove can be retained when rainy, and water is not direct when can ensure irrigation is contacted with Ponkan, and then prevent Ponkan Root is immersed in water rotten;It can prevent the long-term direct projection of the sun from causing moisture rapidly losing and dry by the effect of blocking of weeds Drought;
4th step, to seedling fertilization:Applied a compoiste fertilizer every two months after growth of seedling plantation, and in spring and summer Autumn growth applies phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer before taking out hair, and the specific process that applies is as follows, and a placing groove is dug in the soil above seedling rhizome, will Compoiste fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer of preparation cover soil after being positioned in placing groove, when all compoiste fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen Fertilizer sprays a small amount of water after applying at the soil for spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer;Ensure a great number of elements such as the carbon N P and K in organic fertilizer with it is micro Element is penetrated into the root of seedling, and then ensures the absorption of root system;
5th step, fruiting pre-treatment:In seedling Post flowering, whole buds are plucked, until allowing treelet fruiting third year again;Control Fruit-growing time processed can ensure that Ponkan tree crown expands rapidly, and then improve the fruit bearing rate during late growth.
Present invention disclosed above preferred embodiment is only intended to help to illustrate the present invention.There is no detailed for preferred embodiment All details are described, are not limited the invention to the specific embodiments described.Obviously, according to the content of this specification, It can make many modifications and variations.These embodiments are chosen and specifically described to this specification, is in order to preferably explain the present invention Principle and practical application, to enable skilled artisan to be best understood by and utilize the present invention.The present invention is only It is limited by claims and its full scope and equivalent.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation, which is characterized in that specific cultivation is as follows:
The first step selects suitable cultivation field:In order to ensure the fruit size of Ponkan, sugariness and the property of water-bearing, illumination item is selected Part is good, is cultivated close to the field at water source;
Second step, Ponkan cultivate the pretreatment in preceding field:The weeds in field and other kinds of preparation are removed totally, are then opened Several ditch items disposed in parallel, collect agricultural crop straw, the weeds of removing are smashed after drying, and by the stalk smashed and weeds with Bran is mixed evenly, and obtains substrate fertilizer raw material, and substrate fertilizer raw material is uniformly laid on ditch bottom, laying depth control System is poured water after laying into ditch item in 20-30cm, keeps the substrate fertilizer raw material in ditch item to soak completely, then in water saturates Substrate fertilizer raw material on spread fertilizer over the fields plant ash, methane liquid and human and animal excreta, with the sludge bedding of fish pond bottom of pond in base after spreading fertilizer over the fields completely On base fertilizer raw material, ensure that the complete post curing of substrate fertilizer raw material bedding is placed 25-30 days, bedding thickness control is in 4-7cm;
Third walks, the plantation of Ponkan seedling:Ponkan seedling is placed in ditch item, the gap between every seedling is maintained at 2 meters, It is inserted and is planted at seedling with soil, the root of seedling is completely covered, the ditch item on seedling both sides is then without any processing so that adjacent Groove is formed between seedling, stacks weeds in the trench;
4th step, to seedling fertilization:Applied a compoiste fertilizer every two months after growth of seedling plantation, and in spring and summer autumn growth Apply phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer before taking out hair;
5th step, fruiting pre-treatment:In seedling Post flowering, whole buds are plucked, until allowing treelet fruiting third year again.
2. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that between adjacent ditch item Distance is 3.5-3.8 meters, and the depth of ditch item is 1-1.3 meters.
3. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that seedling in the 4th step The specific application process of fertilising is as follows, a placing groove is dug in the soil above seedling rhizome, by the compoiste fertilizer of preparation, phosphorus Fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer cover soil after being positioned in placing groove, are being spread fertilizer over the fields after all compoiste fertilizers, phosphate fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer apply A small amount of water is sprayed at the soil of fertilizer.
4. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the compoiste fertilizer Preparation method it is as follows:
Step 1, by soya-bean cake ground-slag it is broken after be put into fermentation tank, 40 DEG C of warm water is added thereto and stirs evenly, wine is then added Trace element materials borax, molybdenite powder, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate, stirring is added in grain, ferment at constant temperature 10-13 days Constant temperature continuing fermentation 2-3 days, obtain fermentation raw material after uniformly;
Step 2, the mixed raw material after straw, rice husk crushing is put into fermentation cabin, fermentation raw material is then taken to pour into fermentation In storehouse, room temperature is fermented 15-20 days;
Step 3, it is crushed after marsh slag, cow dung, chicken manure being dried, obtains fertile base-material, fertile base-material is added in fermentation cabin, stirring is mixed Ferment at constant temperature 7-10 days after closing uniformly, then takes out the material residue in fermentation cabin, after material residue is dried further crushing obtain it is organic Composite fertilizer, while remaining feed liquid is used directly for irrigating Ponkan in fermentation cabin.
5. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation according to claim 4, which is characterized in that every kilogram in step 1 Vinasse 780-800g is added in soya-bean cake slag, 3-3.2 kilograms of warm water is added;Trace element materials are added in every kilogram of soya-bean cake slag simultaneously Gross mass be 35-40g, the matter of borax, molybdenite powder, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate and ferrous sulfate wherein in trace element materials Measuring ratio is:2.1:3.4:1:1:1.
6. a kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation according to claim 4, which is characterized in that every kilogram in step 2 2.3-2.6 kilograms of fermenation raw liquid is added in mixed raw material.
CN201810234720.2A 2018-03-21 2018-03-21 A kind of ecological cultivation method of Ponkan plantation Pending CN108307914A (en)

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CN109042023A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-12-21 紫云自治县高原红种植农民专业合作社 A kind of high yield cultivating method of yellow fruit mandarin orange

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CN109042023A (en) * 2018-08-13 2018-12-21 紫云自治县高原红种植农民专业合作社 A kind of high yield cultivating method of yellow fruit mandarin orange

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