A kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of vegetables, specifically, relate to a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method.
Background technology
In present greenhouse vegetable growing technology, generally adopt the mode of in soil, using base manure and topdressing to provide essential nutritive element to vegetable growth, base manure, before field planting, the chemical fertilizer of some and the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are sneaked in the soil of plow layer more uniformly exactly, plough horizon is become be rich in nutrition, ditch then or do ridge field planting vegetable seedling; Topdressing, is exactly in the vegetable growth process, when needing the fertilizer amount bigger, recovers fertilizer once more or repeatedly in soil, mode has ditch spread, bury execute, water dashes etc.
Under such planting patterns, root system can unconfined elongation in soil, wider range of promulgation is dark, so a large amount of soil has very big buffer capacity to various not right as rain rich water quality managements, so level of control is loose relatively, technology is simple relatively, relatively is fit to most peasant's operations.But there are several shortcomings, the one, a lot of fertilizer are taken in the deep soil by water, also some is returned atmosphere by microbial decomposition, also some is fixed in the plow layer no longer water-soluble, add in the soil fertilizer evenly but Root Distribution is irregular, the local fertilizer waste that root system is few is just many, so many aspects have caused utilization rate of fertilizer low; The 2nd, the fertilizer that is brought to deep layer forms pollution to soil and underground water; The 3rd, the pathogeny worm source in the soil exists all the time, so damage by disease and insect is difficult to eliminate.
Before more than ten years, the Agricultural Scientist of China has invented the organic substrate cultivation technique without soil, with the sterilization of fermentation maturities such as Organic Ingredients such as excrement of animals, crop straw, peanut shell, be mixed with organic substrate, do groove or ditch with film or cement, organic substrate and soil are separated fully, planting vegetable in organic substrate, and in the vegetable growth process often application of organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizer, satisfy the needs of vegetable growth.
Under such planting patterns, the waste of fertilizer is less, and matrix is totally aseptic, and gas permeability is better, and the vegetables root system is not easy to fall ill, and because fertilizer is sufficient, vegetable plant strain is relatively more healthy and stronger, and the product mouthfeel is also improved greatly.In order to prevent to be floated matrix, generally water with drip irrigation technique by water.This planting patterns has three shortcomings, the one, the vegetables root growth is in a less relatively environment, lost the buffering of the soil body of large volume, must carry out accurate rich water quality management, otherwise form fertilizer damage, damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging easily, macerate root, physiological obstacle such as nutritional deficiency, make the peasant be difficult to grasp its planting technology.So, never be generalized to very large tracts of land for many years; The 2nd, matrix is more and more thinner all in continuous decomposition every day, and nutrition becomes also and to reduce, so annually all will matrix careful taking-up from groove or ditch be carried out disinfection and preparation again to matrix, consumes great amount of manpower; The 3rd, need prescription very accurate supporting special-purpose fertile, use different prescriptions at different vegetables with different growth periods, this series products is also seldom at present.
Nearly 2 years, a class planting patterns has appearred again, organic substrate and soil are not exclusively isolated, trench digging back both sides shop film and does not spread the bottom in ditch for example, in ditch, insert matrix like this after, the lower surface of hypothallus is communicated with soil.Under this planting patterns, soil has had certain resiliency to rich water quality management, also not need to require prescription too strict to fertilizer, and between between the above two, the peasant is also acceptant to the requirement of administrative skill level; In addition, matrix environment and soil are very different, comprise the soil-borne disease insect pest of nematode, and be not easy to enter matrix, also be not easy to infect intramatrical root system, infect although extramatrical root system can be subjected to some, the ratio that those roots account in whole root system is very little, is not enough to output and growing way are formed tangible influence.Its shortcoming has three, one, and ditching still needs manpower, and the 2nd, need more careful taking-up matrix when prepare matrix every year again, the 3rd, matrix is floated by water easily, so generally mix some sands or slag in matrix, this can contaminated soil.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method of not using cement or film, not using slag, reduced pollution, do not ditched, do not build groove, use manpower and material resources sparingly.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), configuration matrix: with bacterium liquid fermentation fertilizer;
2), make at the bottom of the furrow: the grade, be paved into furrow with corn stalk at the bottom of, wide 30-60 centimetre, the thickness at the bottom of the furrow is 2-3 centimetre;
3), make the matrix ridge: matrix is taped against on the corn stalk, and upper surface is circular arc, centre-height 15-25 centimetre;
4), lay drip irrigation system: lay micro-nozzle at the matrix highest point;
5), cultivation plant: place, hill-side, both sides plantation two row plant on the matrix ridge;
6), overlay film: prop up arc frame with some steel wires, be higher than the matrix ridge, spread film on steel wire top and aim at plant and tear hole, expose plant;
7), fertilising: liquid fertilizer or solid fertilizer is dissolved in the water to water executes.
Below be the further optimization of the present invention to such scheme:
During configuration matrix, earlier 1 cubic metre of freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement of fertilizer and 0.3 cubic metre of corn stalk are mixed, add 500 milliliters of bacterium liquid again and carry out sealed fermenting, internal temperature remains on the 65-70 degree, and fermenting became matrix after one month.
Another kind of optimization:
During configuration matrix, with 2 cubic metres of chicken manures of fertilizer and 1 cubic metre of cow dung and 1 cubic metre of rice husk mixing, add 1000 milliliters of bacterium liquid again and carry out sealed fermenting earlier, internal temperature remains on the 65-70 degree, and fermenting became matrix after one month.
Further optimize: described bacterium liquid is commercially available EM bacterium or ferment bacterium.
Further optimize: described solid fertile for spending intact or auspicious Lay.
Further optimize: between facing at the bottom of the furrow mutually 50-90 centimetre at interval.
The present invention adopts such scheme, organic manure neither with earth mixture, do not isolate fully again, do not build groove and do not ditch yet, isolate without cement or film with soil, but spread the thin crop stalk of one deck on the ground as separation layer, on the placement straw of the matrix nature that becomes thoroughly decomposed formulated with several organic matter materials, planting vegetable on the matrix ridge is used drip irrigation or micro spray irrigation simultaneously then, water from the top down, in order to avoid matrix is floated by water.
For the growing vegetables technology, the foolization of technology is the high basis of practicality, have only foolization and simplification just easily by promotion and application, the present invention has concentrated the advantage of various planting patternss: made full use of the resiliency of the soil body, made that the rich water quality management technology is easy to learn; At vegetable growth in earlier stage, utilize the straw of being spread to isolate soil, in the later stage of vegetable growth, separation layer rots to lose buffer action and becomes fertilizer, the difference that then makes full use of matrix and soil environment has been protected most root systems, basically intercepted damage by disease and insect, more late poorer than the infection under the half isolation implant mode; Do not use cement or film, do not use slag, reduced pollution; Do not ditch, do not build groove, saved the manpower use.
Through test among a small circle, use the technology of the present invention planting vegetable, cost is low, and output is the same substantially with alternate manner, and raw material sources are abundant, the technology Nover practical, superior product quality, biggest advantage is simple to operate, the peasant's is easy to learn.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Among the figure: 1-ground; At the bottom of the 2-furrow; 3-matrix; The 4-micro-nozzle; The 5-plant; The 6-arc frame; The 7-film.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, and a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), configuration matrix: with the bacterium liquid fermentation fertilizer of commercially available ferment bacterium; Earlier 1 cubic metre of freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement of fertilizer and 0.3 cubic metre of corn stalk are mixed, add 500 milliliters of bacterium liquid again and carry out sealed fermenting, internal temperature remains on the 65-70 degree, and fermenting becomes matrix 3 after one month;
2), make at the bottom of the furrow: grade 1, be paved at the bottom of the furrow 2 with corn stalk, wide 30 centimetres, 2 thickness is 2 centimetres at the bottom of the furrow, faces at the bottom of the furrow between 2 50 centimetres at interval mutually;
3), make the matrix ridge: matrix 3 is taped against on the corn stalk, and upper surface is circular arc, 15 centimetres of centre-heights;
4), lay drip irrigation system: lay micro-nozzle 4 at the matrix highest point, make its spout be arranged in the both sides of pipe symmetrically;
5), cultivation plant: place, hill-side, both sides plantation two row plant 5 on the matrix ridge;
6), overlay film: prop up arc frame 6 with some steel wires, be higher than the matrix ridge, spread film 7 on steel wire top and aim at plant and tear hole, expose plant 5;
7), fertilising: liquid fertilizer or solid fertilizer is dissolved in the water to water executes.
Need water fertilizer requirement according to vegetables waters and applies fertilizer, Shaoshi fertilizer less waters when seedling hour, cloudy day, during low temperature, many fertilisings of watering when plant is big, when fine, during high temperature more, full dissolubility composite fertilizers such as fertilizer can be intact with spending, auspicious Lay, ratio according to 1 to 1000 is dissolved in the water, and applies matrix along with watering.
The present invention adopts such scheme, through test among a small circle, uses the technology of the present invention planting vegetable, and cost is low, output is the same substantially with alternate manner, and raw material sources are abundant, the technology Nover practical, superior product quality, biggest advantage is simple to operate, the peasant's is easy to learn.
Embodiment 2, and a kind of vegetables organic mass cultivation method may further comprise the steps:
1), configuration matrix: with the bacterium liquid fermentation fertilizer of commercially available EM bacterium; With 2 cubic metres of chicken manures of fertilizer and 1 cubic metre of cow dung and 1 cubic metre of rice husk mixing, add 1000 milliliters of bacterium liquid again and carry out sealed fermenting earlier, internal temperature remains on 70 degree, and fermenting becomes matrix 3 after one month;
2), make at the bottom of the furrow: grade 1, be paved at the bottom of the furrow 2 with corn stalk, wide 60 centimetres, the thickness at the bottom of the furrow is 3 centimetres, faces at the bottom of the furrow between 2 90 centimetres at interval mutually;
3), make the matrix ridge: on corn stalk, upper surface is circular arc, 25 centimetres of centre-heights with matrix shop 3;
4), lay drip irrigation system: lay micro-nozzle 4 at the matrix highest point, make its spout be arranged in the both sides of pipe symmetrically;
5), cultivation plant: place, hill-side, both sides plantation two row plant 5 on the matrix ridge;
6), overlay film: prop up arc frame 6 with some steel wires, be higher than the matrix ridge, spread film 7 on steel wire top and aim at plant and tear hole, expose plant;
7), fertilising: liquid fertilizer or solid fertilizer is dissolved in the water to water executes.
Need water fertilizer requirement according to vegetables waters and applies fertilizer, Shaoshi fertilizer less waters when seedling hour, cloudy day, during low temperature, many fertilisings of watering when plant is big, when fine, during high temperature more, fertilizer can be with the commercially available full dissolubility composite fertilizer such as intact, auspicious Lay that spends, ratio according to 1 to 1000 is dissolved in the water, and applies matrix along with watering.
The present invention adopts such scheme, through test among a small circle, uses the technology of the present invention planting vegetable, and cost is low, output is the same substantially with alternate manner, and raw material sources are abundant, the technology Nover practical, superior product quality, biggest advantage is simple to operate, the peasant's is easy to learn.
In the foregoing description, described solid fertilizer is not limited to commercially available intact, the Rui Lai that spends, the fertilizer that other that can also adopt that the characteristic with vegetables adapts can be water-soluble.