CN102783326B - Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings - Google Patents
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- CN102783326B CN102783326B CN2012101051302A CN201210105130A CN102783326B CN 102783326 B CN102783326 B CN 102783326B CN 2012101051302 A CN2012101051302 A CN 2012101051302A CN 201210105130 A CN201210105130 A CN 201210105130A CN 102783326 B CN102783326 B CN 102783326B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings. The moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for the tobacco seedlings comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation and ridging; (2) trickle irrigation equipment spreading; (3) film mulching; (4) fertilization prior to transplantation; (5) trickle irrigation during transplantation and (6) management after transplantation. The moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method has the advantages that the problems that the soil moisture content is low at a transplanting period of tobacco regions during spring drought, and the tobacco seedlings cannot be transplanted normally; a trickle irrigationmethod is adopted, and the water consumption is saved by over 70% compared with watering; manual water-carrying irrigation is avoided, and labor intensity and labor input are reduced; the seedling survival rate of the tobacco seedlings is improved by over 30% compared with conventional climate conditions; the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the N fertilizer utilization rate is improved to over 40% from about conventional 30%, and the fertilizer applying amount is reduced; the yield and the quality of tobaccos are improved, the yield and the output value of the tobaccos are improved by over 20%, the content of nicotine on the middle upper portions of the tobaccos is remarkably reduced, the content of potassium ions of the tobaccos is improved, and the quality of the tobaccos is improved. The moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method is suitable for tobacco seedling transplantation during the spring drought period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tobacco cultivation method, specifically, belong to the tobacco seedling transplanting method.
Background technology
As everyone knows, the seedling that tobacco seed is cultivated need be transplanted in cigarette ground and go, and the cigarette transplantation of seedlings is the important step of tobacco planting.Yet, if the time meet spring drought, it is on the low side that the phase soil moisture content is transplanted in the cigarette district, flue-cured tobacco can't normally be transplanted.In the area of serious drought, a difficult problem really of the transplant survival of cigarette seedling.Traditional irrigation of carrying water is taken a lot of work, and is difficult to continue to satisfy the needs of tobacco seedling growth.
The technical scheme that relates to the cigarette transplantation of seedlings in the Chinese patent application part is few, and No. 200910102961.2 " a kind of flue-cured tobacco transplanting method of expelling and killing blackcutworm ", No. 201010106099.5 " fertilizer transplanting method for tobacco cultivation ", No. 201110203197.5 " naked ridge well cellar for storing things formula flue-cured tobacco seedling transplanting method " and No. 201110388595.9 " non-mulch film well cellar for storing things formula flue-cured tobacco seedling transplanting method " are only arranged.These technical schemes have its effect, but can not solve the problem of drought-hit area cigarette transplantation of seedlings.For the technological progress of tobacco cultivation, people are also constantly exploring new transplanting method, to adapt to the variation of weather.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides the cigarette seedling and exempts from moisture in the soil under-film drip irrigation transplanting method, solves the difficult problem of spring drought cigarette in period transplantation of seedlings, promotes the technological progress of tobacco cultivation.
The cigarette seedling that the inventor provides is exempted from moisture in the soil under-film drip irrigation transplanting method and is comprised following operation:
(1) wholely, ridging: under the situation of not considering soil moisture content, carry out ridging by predetermined line-spacing, body requirement in ridge is full, the ridge face is in small, broken bits;
(2) drip irrigation equipment is laid
:In the field drip irrigation equipment is installed behind the ridging, is laid drip irrigation successively
Band, the water delivery person in charge, fertilizer applicator, water pumpWater delivery is responsible for across on the body of ridge, connects the irrigate band on the person in charge, and extend to both sides along the ridge body irrigate band, and water dropper is arranged on the irrigate band, and dripper spacing adapts with the transplanting spacing in the rows; Every a row crop is controlled in the irrigate band, water delivery be responsible for
Fertilizer applicator and water pumpBe connected;
(3) plastic mulching: lay behind the drip irrigation equipment covering with plastic film on the body of ridge;
(4) transplant before fertilising: with farmyard manure, fermentation cake fertilizer and
Fused calcium magnesium phosphate is doneBe the disposable big nest deep placement of base manure;
(5) transplant: according to conventional method with the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to the seedling nest, open drip irrigation system and irrigated 2～3 hours, reach at 80% o'clock to the soil relative moisture content and stop;
(6) transplant the back management: after the transplanting the 7th day, the 15th day the 25th day and the 35th natural gift 4 times are with nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium nitrate and potash fertilizer
Potassium sulphateDissolve in fertilizer applicator, solution topdresses to drip with drip irrigation system and executes, and drips the mode of executing and is " drip-drip fertile-drip ", namely drips 1 hour, drips fertilizer 1 hour, drips 1 hour; Note soil moisture content, determine whether to irrigate according to soil moisture content, transplant and namely stretched the root phase to 35 days to keep the soil relative moisture content be prosperously to remain on for a long time that to finish to gathering in 80%, 65 day be the maturing stage at 70%, 36 day to 65 days, remain on about 60%; At last, enter Routine Management.
In the above-mentioned first step, described predetermined line-spacing is 1m; Described ridge body bottom width is 70～80 ㎝, and height is 25～30 ㎝.
In above-mentioned second step, described dripper spacing is 0.6m with the transplanting spacing in the rows
, water dropper is corresponding one by one with the cigarette strain.
In above-mentioned the 4th step, described base manure comprises: three kinds in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, farmyard manure and fermentation cake fertilizer, wherein fused calcium magnesium phosphate consumption 35kg/666.7m
2(mu), farmyard manure consumption 500kg/666.7m
2(mu), fermentation cake fertilizer consumption 20kg/666.7m
2(mu).
In above-mentioned the 5th step, when described drip irrigation system was irrigated, the water dropper flow velocity was controlled to be 1.8L/h.
In above-mentioned the 6th step, described topdressing is the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate.Topdress at every turn and use ammonium nitrate 2.5kg/666.7m
2(mu), potassium sulphate 7.5kg/666.7m
2(mu).
The inventor points out: topdress by the mode (dripped 1 hour, dripped fertile 1 hour, dripped 1 hour) of " fertilizer that drips-drip-drip ", the concentration that has guaranteed final fertilizer is lower, can not damage cigarette strain root system, average computation, the mean concentration of N is about about 0.2g/L when topdressing.
Cigarette seedling of the present invention is exempted from moisture in the soil under-film drip irrigation transplanting method, and advantage is: it is on the low side 1. to solve spring drought cigarette district transplanting phase soil moisture content, the problem that flue-cured tobacco can't normally be transplanted; 2. adopt the drip irrigation mode,
PouringReduce water consumption is more than 70%; 3. avoid the irrigation of manually carrying water, reduce labor intensity, the labour drops into and reduces more than 20%; 4. improve the planting percent of cigarette seedling, improve more than 30% under the more conventional weather conditions; 5. improve utilization rate of fertilizer, the fertile availability of N is brought up to more than 40% from about 30% of routine, reduces rate of fertilizer; 6. improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaf, yield of tobacco and the output value be conventional the raising more than 20%, significantly reduces the middle and upper part nicotine content of tobacco leaves, improves the tobacco leaf potassium content, improves quality of tobacco.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 lays schematic diagram for drip irrigation equipment.Among the figure: 1 is water pump; 2 is fertilizer applicator; 3 is the irrigate band; 4 are the water delivery person in charge; 5 is mulch film.
Embodiment
State, the southwest of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Province Xingyi City adopts the inventive method to carry out the transplantation of seedlings of spring drought cigarette, and is respond well.Specific practice is:
At first put in order ground, ridging: under the situation of not considering soil moisture content, carry out ridging by the 1m line-spacing, body requirement in ridge is full, the ridge face is in small, broken bits; Ridge body bottom width is 70～80 ㎝, and height is 25～30 ㎝.
Then, lay drip irrigation equipment, lay irrigate band, the water delivery person in charge, water pump, fertilizer applicator successively; The water delivery person in charge is across on the body of ridge, and the water delivery person in charge goes up connection irrigate band, irrigate band and extends to both sides along the ridge body, and some water droppers are arranged on the irrigate band, and two dripper spacings are 0.6m with the transplanting spacing in the rows; Every a row crop is controlled in the irrigate band, and the water delivery person in charge is connected with fertilizer applicator with water pump; Water delivery is responsible for and is used diameter to be the rubber tube of 70mm.Lay behind the drip irrigation equipment covering with plastic film on the body of ridge.
Afterwards, with farmyard manure, fermentation cake fertilizer and fused calcium magnesium phosphate as the disposable deep placement of base manure go into the seedling nest wherein fused calcium magnesium phosphate use 35kg/666.7m
2(mu), farmyard manure is used 500kg/666.7m
2(mu), the fermentation cake fertilizer is used 20kg/666.7m
2(mu).
After this, transplant the cigarette seedling, according to conventional method with the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to the seedling nest, open drip irrigation system and irrigated 2～3 hours, reach at 80% o'clock to the soil relative moisture content and stop; The water dropper flow velocity is controlled to be 1.8L/h.
After the transplanting the 7th day, the 15th day the 25th day and the 35th natural gift 4 times are dissolved nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium nitrate and potash fertilizer potassium sulphate in fertilizer applicator, solution topdresses to drip with drip irrigation system and executes, and drips the mode of executing for " fertilizer that drips-drip-drip ", namely drips 1 hour, dripped fertile 1 hour, dripped 1 hour; Note soil moisture content, determine whether to irrigate according to soil moisture content, transplant and namely stretched the root phase to 35 days to keep the soil relative moisture content be prosperously to remain on for a long time that to finish to gathering in 80%, 65 day be the maturing stage at 70%, 36 day to 65 days, remain on about 60%.At last, enter Routine Management.
Claims (6)
1. the cigarette seedling is exempted from moisture in the soil under-film drip irrigation transplanting method, it is characterized in that this method comprises:
(1) wholely, ridging: under the situation of not considering soil moisture content, carry out ridging by predetermined line-spacing, body requirement in ridge is full, the ridge face is in small, broken bits;
(2) drip irrigation equipment is laid: in the field drip irrigation equipment is installed behind the ridging, is laid irrigate band, the water delivery person in charge, water pump, fertilizer applicator successively; The water delivery person in charge is across on the body of ridge, and water delivery is responsible for to go up and is connected the irrigate band, and extend to both sides along the ridge body irrigate band, and water dropper is arranged on the irrigate band, and dripper spacing adapts with the transplanting spacing in the rows; Every a row crop is controlled in the irrigate band, and the person in charge is connected with fertilizer applicator with water pump;
(3) plastic mulching: lay behind the drip irrigation equipment covering with plastic film on the body of ridge;
(4) transplant before fertilising: with farmyard manure, fermentation cake fertilizer and chemical fertilizer as the disposable big nest deep placement of base manure;
Drip irrigation when (5) transplanting: according to conventional method with the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to the seedling nest, open drip irrigation system and irrigated 2～3 hours, reach at 80% o'clock to the soil relative moisture content and stop;
(6) transplant the back management: after the transplanting the 7th day, the 15th day, the 25th day and the 35th natural gift 4 times are dissolved nitrogenous fertilizer ammonium nitrate and potash fertilizer potassium sulphate in fertilizer applicator, solution topdresses to drip with drip irrigation system and executes, drip the mode of executing and be " fertilizer that drips-drip-drip ", namely dripped 1 hour, dripped fertile 1 hour, dripped 1 hour; Note soil moisture content, determine whether to irrigate according to soil moisture content, transplant and namely stretched the root phase to 35 days to keep the soil relative moisture content be prosperously to remain on for a long time that to finish to gathering in 80%, 65 day be the maturing stage at 70%, 36 day to 65 days, remain on about 60%; At last, enter Routine Management.
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in the first step, and described predetermined line-spacing is 1m; Described ridge body bottom width is 70～80 ㎝, and height is 25～30 ㎝.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that in second step, described dripper spacing is 0.6m with transplanting spacing in the rows, and water dropper is corresponding one by one with the cigarette strain.
4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the chemical fertilizer in the described base manure is fused calcium magnesium phosphate in the 4th step; The consumption of the fused calcium magnesium phosphate in the base manure, farmyard manure and fermentation cake fertilizer is: fused calcium magnesium phosphate 35kg/666.7m
2, farmyard manure 500kg/666.7m
2, fermentation cake fertilizer 20kg/666.7m
2
5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that when described drip irrigation system was irrigated, the water dropper flow velocity was controlled to be 1.8L/h in the 5th step.
6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described topdressing is the aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium sulphate in the 6th step.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101051302A CN102783326B (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2012-09-17 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2012101051302A CN102783326B (en) | 2012-09-17 | 2012-09-17 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
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| CN102783326B true CN102783326B (en) | 2013-08-14 |
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