CN107615967A - A kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, drip irrigation is applied nitrogen with gradation and is combined by the drip irrigation N application method of the present invention for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce the proportion of base manure nitrogen, increase the proportion of top dressing nitrogen, nutrient is supplied according to the nitrogen demand rule of flue-cured tobacco, liquid manure one is realized, reduces loss of nitrogen fertilizer, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves more than 20% than routine techniques in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Nitrogen Application Skill field, and in particular to a kind of drip irrigation for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer applies nitrogen side
Method.
Background technology
Flue-cured tobacco is that China is also the tobacco type that cultivated area is maximum in the world, is the primary raw material of Chinese-style cigarette.Flue-cured tobacco
Be mainly characterized by that plant is tall and big, and Leaf positional distribution is thinner and uniform.Rational Application nitrogenous fertilizer is to improve yield of tobacco and improving quality
One of major measure.At present in cured tobacco production, the method for application of nitrogenous fertilizer is mostly manually spreaded manuer in holes or mechanical row replacement, manually spreads manuer in holes,
Need a manual cave one to apply, take a lot of work laborious；Although mechanical row replacement saving of labor, because nitrogenous fertilizer is disposably applied ridge bottom, fertilizer is released
Put and misfitted with the nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is relatively low.
Light phenomenon after preceding weight in nitrogen application ratio in the prior art be present, general 70% makees base manure administration, and 30%
Make top dressing administration.It is existing a kind of to improve the disposable of flue-cured tobacco nitrogen fertilizer application effect and supply nitrogen fertilizing method (CN201010297119.1)
Primarily directed to southern rainy regions such as Guangdong, by increasing Rate of Organic Fertilizer, reduce fertilizer amount and realize, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
Only 33%~43%, be not suitable for the arid and semi-arid cigarette districts such as the north.The China of other Application No. 201510799063.2 is specially
Profit also discloses that a kind of fertilizing method for improving nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco utilization rate, although this method can also improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, yellow earth
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer on soil is 44%, rice soil more than 50%, but complex steps of applying fertilizer are taken a lot of work laborious.At present for the Yellow River and Huai He River
There has been no the report of the N application method of raising flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer suitable, simple to operate with northern cigarette district.
The content of the invention
Nitrogen is applied it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of suitable the Yellow River and Huai He River and the raising flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of northern cigarette district
Method.
The invention provides a kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer is dissolved into water and formed
Aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution, apply the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution by several times by the way of drip irrigation.
Preferably, 2 or 3 drip irrigations of the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution point are applied.
Preferably, when 2 drip irrigations are applied, aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution during drip irrigation is applied as base manure nitrogen first, the base manure nitrogen
The mass ratio for accounting for total nitrogen between whole N application is less than 50%, and the base manure nitrogen is applied in transplanting, and remaining nitrogenous fertilizer is 27 after transplanting
Impose within~29 days；
Preferably, when 2 drip irrigations are applied, the quality of the base manure nitrogen is the 10%~30% of total nitrogen quality, the residue
Nitrogenous fertilizer is the 70%~90% of total nitrogen quality.
Preferably, when 3 drip irrigations are applied, the mass ratio that base manure nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen is 50~95%, and the base manure nitrogen is being transplanted
When apply, residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes twice, respectively 27~29 days and 41~43 days after transplanting.
Preferably, when 3 drip irrigations are applied, aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution during drip irrigation is applied as base manure nitrogen first, the base manure nitrogen
Quality be total nitrogen quality 50~55%；The quality of Nitrogen Top Dressing is the 33~42% of total nitrogen quality, secondary to impose nitrogen
The quality of fertilizer is the 13~17% of total nitrogen quality.
Preferably, the drip irrigation appliance is gravity drip irrigation equipment, the water dropper of the drip irrigation appliance and the transverse direction of flue-cured tobacco cigarette strain
Distance is 1~5cm, and the drop speed of the drip irrigation is 0.5~0.9Lh-1。
Preferably, clear water drip irrigation is also included before and after the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution drip irrigation.
Preferably, the time of clear water drip irrigation is independently 0.4~0.6h twice.
Preferably, the time of each drip irrigation of the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution is 2.5~3.5h.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is of the present invention improve flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer drip irrigation N application method by drip irrigation with
Apply nitrogen by several times to be combined, supply nutrient according to the nitrogen demand rule of flue-cured tobacco, reduce the proportion of base manure nitrogen, increase the ratio of top dressing nitrogen
Weight, liquid manure one is realized, reduce loss of nitrogen fertilizer, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves more than 20% than routine techniques in the embodiment of the present invention.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is different Nitrogen applications flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer, which is dissolved into water, forms nitrogen
Rich water solution, described aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution is applied using drip irrigation by several times.
In the present invention, the drip irrigation N application method is preferably applied to the area that soil is cinnamon soil, preferred to be applicable
In the Yellow River and Huai He River and northern cigarette district.
In specific implementation process of the present invention, flue-cured tobacco tobacco seedlings are preferably cultivated using floating seedlings, cigarette used in the transplanting
The plant height of strain is preferably 8~12cm, more preferably 10cm.In the present invention, preferably it is planted in after the cigarette strain transplanting
In PVC containers, the wide preferably 35~45cm, more preferably 40cm suitable for reading of described PVC containers；Lower bottom width is preferably
25~35cm, more preferably 30cm；Height is preferably 25~30cm, more preferably 28cm.Cinnamon soil in the PVC containers
Addition is preferably 60~70kg, more preferably 65kg；The single PVC containers of size described in above-mentioned technical proposal are preferable
Plant 1 plant of tobacco plant.
For the present invention when transplanting tobacco plant, using base manure, the base manure includes nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer；The nitrogenous fertilizer
Form is preferably ammonium sulfate, and the phosphate fertilizer preferably uses calcium superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer preferably uses potassium sulfate, the sulphur
The mass ratio of sour ammonium, calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate is preferably 1:1:3.
Heretofore described phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer mix administration with soil when tobacco plant is transplanted.It is described in the present invention with
The quality for the phosphate fertilizer that soil mixing is applied is preferably 3~5g/ strains, more preferably 4g/ strains；The potash fertilizer is preferably 10~
14g/ strains, more preferably 12g/ strains.Specifically, the present invention mixes the phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and cinnamon soil before tobacco plant transplanting
Attach together in PVC containers.
In the present invention, the nitrogenous fertilizer is applied by the way of drip irrigation, and solid phase nitrogenous fertilizer is configured into aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution, described
The concentration of aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution is preferably 1~3g/L, more preferably 2g/L.In the present invention, the nitrogenous fertilizer preferably divide 2 or
3 times drip irrigation is applied.
The present invention preferably applies base manure nitrogen in transplanting, remaining nitrogenous fertilizer, institute is applied after transplanting when 2 drip irrigations are applied
State remaining nitrogenous fertilizer preferably to impose within 27~29 days after transplanting, impose within 28 days more preferably after transplanting.In the present invention, 2 times
When drip irrigation is applied, the mass ratio that base manure nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen is preferably less than 50%, more preferably 10%~30%.The residual nitrogen
The mass ratio that fertilizer accounts for total nitrogen is preferably greater than equal to 50%, more preferably 70%~90%.
In the present invention, when 3 drip irrigations are applied, base manure nitrogen preferably is applied in transplanting, residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes twice,
The time that the remaining nitrogenous fertilizer imposes twice is preferably 27~29 days and 41~43 days after transplanting；28 more preferably after transplanting
It and 42 days.In the present invention, when 3 drip irrigations are applied, base manure nitrogen accounts for the mass ratio preferable 50%~95% of total nitrogen；It is described surplus
The mass ratio that remaining nitrogenous fertilizer accounts for total nitrogen is preferably less than equal to 50%；The quality of Nitrogen Top Dressing is preferably the quality of total nitrogen
33~42%, more preferably 35%；The quality of the secondary Nitrogen Top Dressing is preferably the 13~17% of total nitrogen quality, more
Preferably 15%.
During the above-mentioned drip irrigation of the present invention applies nitrogen, preferable drip irrigation appliance is gravity drip irrigation equipment, the drip irrigation appliance
The distance of water dropper and flue-cured tobacco cigarette strain be preferably 1~5cm, more preferably 3cm；The drop speed preferably 0.5 of the drip irrigation~
0.9L·h-1, more preferably 0.7Lh-1。
In the present invention, the specific steps of the drip irrigation preferably first use clear water drip irrigation, then carry out aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution
Drip irrigation, finally clear water drip irrigation again.The water used in the clear water drip irrigation is preferably irrigation water, the Crystal drops were dripping down in the present invention
The time of filling is preferably 0.4~0.6h, more preferably 0.5h；It is preferable to carry out nitrogenous fertilizer water after the clear water drip irrigation terminates
Solution drip irrigation, the time of each drip irrigation of aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution are preferably 2.5~3.5h, more preferably 3h；The nitrogenous fertilizer
The concentration of the aqueous solution is preferably 1~3gL-1；More preferably 2gL-1.The present invention is after aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution drip irrigation, preferably
Progress clear water drip irrigation again, clear water drip irrigation is identical with clear water drip irrigation with water and time again, will not be repeated here.It is described clear
Water droplet filling, aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution drip irrigation, clear water drip irrigation operate continuously, and do not have time interval between each step.
Other management use this area conventional technical means in the present invention, without other particular/special requirements.
In the present invention, the tobacco plant preferably full-bloom stage pinch, every plant of tobacco plant preferably stay leaf 20~
30, more preferably stay 24, leaf.
In the present invention, using each organ total nitrogen content of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
(%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant)/amount of nitrogen × 100.
With reference to specific embodiment to a kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the present invention
It is further described in detail, technical scheme includes but is not limited to following examples.
Embodiment 1
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, the dress cinnamon soil 65kg per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.28d enters during transplanting, after transplanting
Row drip irrigation applies nitrogen, applies nitrogen 50% during transplanting, applies nitrogen 50% within 28 days after transplanting, during applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then
The nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, applied using gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h drip irrigations, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agriculture
Industry weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method are combined measure soil moisture content, respectively handle flue-cured tobacco
Full-bloom stage is pinched, and every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each organ total nitrogen content of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated.Nitrogenous fertilizer
Utilization rate (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant)/amount of nitrogen × 100.In the present embodiment
The total amount of nitrogen sucking 1895.72mg/ strains of Zhong Shidan areas plant, the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant are 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is
4000mg/ strains, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(1895.72-666.06)/4000 × 100=30.74%.
Embodiment 2
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, the dress cinnamon soil 65kg per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 50% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 35% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 15% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100, in the present embodiment, and the total amount of nitrogen sucking 2838.48mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer
(%)=(2838.48-666.06)/4000 × 100=54.31%.
Embodiment 3
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.28d enters during transplanting, after transplanting
Row drip irrigation applies nitrogen, applies nitrogen 30% during transplanting, applies nitrogen 70% within 28 days after transplanting, during applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then
The nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, applied using gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h drip irrigations, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agriculture
Industry weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method are combined measure soil moisture content, respectively handle flue-cured tobacco
Full-bloom stage is pinched, and every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each organ total nitrogen content of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated.Nitrogenous fertilizer
Utilization rate (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant)/amount of nitrogen × 100, Shi Dan area plant
Total amount of nitrogen sucking 2500.75mg/ strains, the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates this
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(2500.75-666.06)/4000 × 100=45.87% in embodiment.
Embodiment 4
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 30% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 55% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 15% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2322.88mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, nitrogen-free area plant always inhale
Nitrogen quantity is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculating the present embodiment utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer=(2322.88-666.06)/
4000=41.42%.
Embodiment 5
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 30% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 40% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 30% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2109.72mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, nitrogen-free area plant always inhale
Nitrogen quantity is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(2109.72- in the present embodiment
666.06)/4000 × 100=36.09%.
Embodiment 6
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.28d enters during transplanting, after transplanting
Row drip irrigation applies nitrogen, applies nitrogen 10% during transplanting, applies nitrogen 90% within 28 days after transplanting, during applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then
The nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, applied using gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h drip irrigations, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agriculture
Industry weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method are combined measure soil moisture content, respectively handle flue-cured tobacco
Full-bloom stage is pinched, and every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each organ total nitrogen content of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is calculated.Calculate
The present embodiment utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant)/amount of nitrogen ×
100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2513.66mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, the total amount of nitrogen sucking of nitrogen-free area plant are 666.06mg/
Strain, amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(2513.66-666.06)/4000 × 100 in the present embodiment
=46.19%.
Embodiment 7
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 10% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 75% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 15% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2185.17mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, nitrogen-free area plant always inhale
Nitrogen quantity is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(2185.17- in the present embodiment
666.06)/4000 × 100=37.98%.
Embodiment 8
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 10% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 60% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 30% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2032.94mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, nitrogen-free area plant always inhale
Nitrogen quantity is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(2032.94- in the present embodiment
666.06)/4000 × 100=34.17%.
Embodiment 9
Plant smoke container is PVC square boxs, wide 40cm suitable for reading, lower bottom width 30cm, high 28cm, native 65kg is filled per basin, plants cigarette 1
Strain, often handle 24 plants.Drip irrigation is carried out using gravity drip irrigation equipment, for water dropper away from cigarette strain distance 3cm, drop speed is 0.7Lh-1, every plant
Cigarette sets a drip irrigation appliance.Every plant is applied purity nitrogen 4g, m (N):m(P2O5):m(K2O)=1:1:3, Fertilizer N Forms are ammonium sulfate, phosphorus
Fertilizer uses calcium superphosphate, and potash fertilizer uses potassium sulfate, and phosphorus potash fertilizer makees base manure and mixes application with soil.During transplanting, transplanting after 28d,
Carry out drip irrigation and apply nitrogen within 42 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 10% during transplanting, apply nitrogen 45% within 28 days after transplanting, apply nitrogen 45% within 42 days after transplanting.
During applying nitrogen, drip irrigation clear water 0.5h first, then the nitrogenous fertilizer of every processing is dissolved in 2L water, utilizes gravity drip irrigation equipment 3h
Drip irrigation applies, last drip irrigation clear water 0.5h.Using agricultural weather monitoring system V3.0 (TNHY-12G, Zhejiang Top) and oven drying method
Measure soil moisture content is combined, each to handle the topping of flue-cured tobacco full-bloom stage, every plant is stayed 24, leaf.Using each device of Kjeldahl nitrogen determination
Official's total nitrogen content, calculate utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(the total amount of nitrogen sucking of Shi Dan areas plant)-(plant is total in nitrogen-free area
Amount of nitrogen sucking)/amount of nitrogen × 100.The total amount of nitrogen sucking 2066.09mg/ strains of Shi Dan areas plant in the present embodiment, nitrogen-free area plant always inhale
Nitrogen quantity is 666.06mg/ strains, and amount of nitrogen is 4000mg/ strains, calculates utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=(2066.09- in the present embodiment
666.06)/4000 × 100=35.00%.
The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of the embodiment of the present invention 1~9 compares figure and sees Fig. 1, as seen from Figure 1, the nitrogenous fertilizer profit of embodiment 2
Taken second place with rate highest, embodiment 6, embodiment 1 it is minimum.The processing of nitrogen once is chased after, with the increase of nitrogen ratio is chased after, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer carries
The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer ratio embodiment 1 of height, embodiment 3 and embodiment 6 is distinguished high 15.13 and 15.45 percentage points.Chase after nitrogen twice
Processing, the highest of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer embodiment 2, embodiment 4 are taken second place, and embodiment 8 is minimum.It is real in the processing that nitrogen 50% is applied during transplanting
The utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of example 2 is applied than 1 high 23.57 percentage point of embodiment.Nitrogen 30% or 10% is applied during transplanting, chases after the nitrogen that nitrogen is handled twice
Fertile utilization rate chases after nitrogen once less than drip irrigation, and it is in reduction trend to chase after the increase of nitrogen ratio with 42d after transplanting.
The present invention controls drip irrigation according to soil moisture content situation, each processing is stretched root phase, prosperous long-term and maturation by drip irrigation
Phase soil moisture content respectively reach maximum field capacity (27.14%) 60%~70%, 70%~80% and 60%~
70%.Using N application method of the present invention, by drip irrigation, apply nitrogen by several times and apply phase shift combination after nitrogen, reduce the ratio of base manure nitrogen
Weight, increase the proportion of top dressing nitrogen, nutrient supplied according to the nitrogen demand rule of flue-cured tobacco, realize liquid manure one, reduce loss of nitrogen fertilizer,
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves more than 20% than routine techniques.Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer carries than other embodiment in optimum embodiment in the present invention
It is high 8.12~23.57 percentage points.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of drip irrigation N application method for improving flue-cured tobacco utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, it is characterised in that nitrogenous fertilizer is dissolved into water and forms nitrogen
Rich water solution, apply the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution by several times by the way of drip irrigation.
2. according to the method for claim 1, it is characterised in that 2 or 3 drip irrigations of the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution point are applied.
3. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that when 2 drip irrigations are applied, aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution during drip irrigation first
Applied as base manure nitrogen, the mass ratio that the base manure nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen between whole N application is less than 50%, and the base manure nitrogen is being transplanted
When apply, remaining nitrogenous fertilizer imposes for 27~29 days after transplanting.
4. according to the method for claim 3, it is characterised in that during 2 drip irrigation administrations, the quality of the base manure nitrogen accounts for entirely
The 10%~30% of total nitrogen quality between N application, the remaining nitrogenous fertilizer are the 70%~90% of total nitrogen quality.
5. according to the method for claim 2, it is characterised in that when 3 drip irrigations are applied, aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution during drip irrigation first
Applied as base manure nitrogen, the mass ratio that base manure nitrogen accounts for total nitrogen between whole N application is 50%~95%, and the base manure nitrogen is being transplanted
When apply, residual nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer imposes twice, once imposes after transplanting 27~29 days, secondary to impose after transplanting 41~43 days.
6. according to the method for claim 5, it is characterised in that during 3 drip irrigation administrations, the quality of the base manure nitrogen is whole
The 50~55% of total nitrogen quality between N application；The quality of Nitrogen Top Dressing is the 33~42% of total nitrogen quality, secondary to impose nitrogen
The quality of fertilizer is the 13~17% of total nitrogen quality.
7. according to claim 1~6 any one methods described, it is characterised in that the drip irrigation appliance is gravity drip irrigation equipment,
The water dropper of the drip irrigation appliance and the lateral separation of flue-cured tobacco cigarette strain are 1~5cm, and the drop speed of the drip irrigation is 0.5~0.9Lh-1。
8. method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that also include clear water before and after each drip irrigation of the aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution
Drip irrigation.
9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the time of clear water drip irrigation stands alone as 0.4~0.6h twice.
10. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the time of each drip irrigation of aqueous nitrogen Fertilizer solution be 2.5~
3.5h。
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| CN109287233A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation method suitable for dry season tobacco field |
| CN109699426A (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2019-05-03 | 上海烟草集团有限责任公司 | Suitable for tobacco liquid manure integrated planting method |
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| CN109287233A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation method suitable for dry season tobacco field |
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