CN107535341B - Method for soilless watermelon cultivation - Google Patents
Method for soilless watermelon cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for soilless watermelon cultivation, which comprises the steps of facility construction, soilless planting groove construction, liquid supply system construction, field planting, nutrient period management and reproductive period management; the facility construction: building a plastic greenhouse, wherein the middle of the greenhouse is 2.5-2.8m high, the shoulders of two sides of the greenhouse are 1.4-1.6m high, and insect-proof nets with the aperture of 0.04-0.05mm are arranged at the turning points from the feet to the shoulders of the greenhouse; the construction of the soilless planting groove: the width of the planting groove is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the planting groove is 20-22cm, a percolation layer of 5-6cm is laid at the bottom of the planting groove, and then the planting groove is filled with soilless culture medium. Adopting open drip irrigation, wherein a liquid supply system of a liquid supply system consists of a self-priming pump, a filter, a main pipeline, a branch main pipeline, a capillary, a dropper and a dripper; the method is used for soilless culture of large-fruit watermelons and flower skin watermelons.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for soilless watermelon cultivation, and belongs to the technical field of plant planting.
Background
Soilless culture (soil culture) is a method for culturing plants by using other things without soil, and comprises water culture, fog (air) culture and substrate culture. In the 19 th century, w. The technology is applied to agricultural production by the 30 s in the 20 th century. People further improve the technology in the twenty-first century, so that soilless culture is developed.
Soilless culture is a great innovation in the technical field of planting, and solves the problems caused by the fact that soil is not suitable for plant growth; through the soilless culture technology, even in severe soil environments such as deserts, saline-alkali soil and the like, vegetables, fruits, flowers and the like can be planted.
The soilless watermelon is a novel watermelon cultivation mode in recent years; the key technology is culture medium and nutrient solution, and management technology; compared with the traditional planting mode, the soilless culture watermelon is labor-saving, water-saving and fertilizer-saving, and the used culture solution can be recycled. The prepared culture solution is subjected to selective absorption of ions by plants, the concentration of certain ions is reduced faster than that of other ions, the proportion and the pH value among elements are changed, and the culture solution is gradually not suitable for the needs of plants. Therefore, NaOH or HCI is used to adjust the pH of the culture solution at intervals, and elements whose concentration is more reduced are supplemented. Since the pH and the concentration of certain ions can be continuously measured with selective electrodes, the amount of acid, base or supplementary elements added can be automatically controlled. But such recycling cannot continue indefinitely. When the solid inert medium is added with the culture solution for culture, the nutrient solution is also periodically discharged, or the culture solution is poured in a spot mode to supply enough oxygen to the roots of the plants. When the plant transpires vigorously, the concentration of the culture solution increases, and water needs to be supplemented at this time.
"Qingfa twelve-numbered" is a new variety of big-fruit, flower-peel watermelons newly bred by Qingfa agricultural development limited company in Heilongjiang province and suitable for early-maturing cultivation. The watermelon of the variety is cultivated in soil, and the standard amount of single watermelon is more than 12kg, and the maximum amount can reach more than 20 kg; however, the weight of a single melon is only about 4-5kg and is less than half of the soil cultivation weight when the single melon is planted by adopting the traditional soilless cultivation method.
The existing soilless watermelon cultivation technology can only cultivate small fruit type varieties with short growth period, such as Jinmeiren, Heijiang and the like. For the large-fruit watermelon variety with long growth period, the watermelon is cultivated by the existing soilless culture method, and compared with soil planting, the planted watermelon has small size, poor taste and high watermelon aberration rate (partial head rate).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for soilless culture of watermelons suitable for large-fruit watermelon varieties to overcome the defects in the prior art, and aims to realize the following purposes: improving the shape of the soilless culture watermelon of the large-fruit watermelon, improving the sugar content of the watermelon and reducing the watermelon aberration rate of the soilless culture of the large-fruit watermelon.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a method for soilless watermelon cultivation comprises the steps of facility construction, soilless planting groove construction, liquid supply system construction, field planting, nutrition period management and reproduction period management;
the facility construction: building a plastic greenhouse, wherein the middle of the greenhouse is 2.5-2.8m high, the shoulders of two sides of the greenhouse are 1.4-1.6m high, and insect-proof nets with the aperture of 0.04-0.05mm are arranged at the turning points from the feet to the shoulders of the greenhouse;
the construction of the soilless planting groove: the width of the planting groove is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the planting groove is 20-22cm, a percolation layer of 5-6cm is laid at the bottom of the planting groove, and then the planting groove is filled with soilless culture medium.
The construction of the soilless planting groove:
the percolation layer is formed by mixing 10 parts of seaweed soil, river sand and coal cinder: 5: 3 in a mass ratio; the grain diameter of the river sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the grain diameter of the coal cinder is 0.4-0.8 mm;
the soilless culture substrate is prepared by mixing pine needle powder, coarse sand, dendrobium, medical stone and pig bone powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:4:7, and spraying water until the water content is 50%.
The nutrient phase management comprises the following steps: after field planting, starting the drip irrigation device, and controlling the liquid outlet amount of the drippers to be 20-25 ml/h; topdressing should be carried out once 7 days after planting, and 250-260kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu; when the melon vine grows to 1m in length, pruning is carried out, and only one melon vine which grows most vigorously is left.
The reproductive period management comprises the following steps:
after the watermelon blooms, selecting 3 female flowers for pollination, wherein the distance between the selected 3 female flowers is not less than 20 cm; controlling the liquid outlet quantity of a dripper of the drip irrigation device to be 30-40 ml/h; applying the nutrient solution once every 7 days, wherein the using amount is 50-55 kg/mu; the nutrient solution comprises 2.6-2.8% of valine, 2.5-2.9% of cystine, 2.5-2.7% of methionine, 1.8-1.95% of ferrous sulfate, 0.5-0.55% of toosendanin, 3-3.5% of arbutin, 5-5.5% of timosaponin and 8.0-8.5% of resveratrol.
The reproductive period management comprises the following steps:
after the watermelon grows to 2-4 kg, applying 80 kg/mu of nutrient solution every 10 days; the liquid outlet quantity of the dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 50-60 ml/h.
The field planting: selecting a cultured 'Qingfa twelve-numbered' watermelon seedling plant, wherein 5 true leaves grow and the plant height is 30-31 cm; 2 lines are planted in each planting groove, the line spacing in the groove is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm, and the distance between the planting position of each plant and the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape is 10-12 cm.
The construction liquid supply system comprises: adopting open drip irrigation, wherein a liquid supply system of a liquid supply system consists of a self-priming pump, a filter, a main pipeline, a branch main pipeline, a capillary, a dropper and a dripper; the filter is a 100-mesh gauze filter, the diameters of the main pipeline and the branch main pipeline are both 25mm, the diameter of the capillary is 15mm, and the diameter of the dripper is 2.5 mm; 1 watermelon plant is provided with 1 dripper.
The nutrient phase management comprises the following steps: dissolving compound fertilizer in water, introducing the compound fertilizer into a liquid storage tank of a drip irrigation system, sucking the compound fertilizer by a self-priming pump, passing through a filter, redistributing the compound fertilizer to the drip irrigation system through a main pipeline and branch pipelines, and dripping the compound fertilizer into soilless culture substrates around plants by drippers for absorption and utilization.
The reproductive period management comprises the following steps:
after the watermelon fruits grow out, when the diameter is about 1cm, 2 watermelons are removed, and only 1 larger watermelon fruit is reserved.
The method is used for soilless culture of large-fruit watermelons and flower skin watermelons.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) compared with the traditional soilless culture method, the large-fruit watermelon planted by the method has large fruit type, and the average single fruit weight of mature watermelon is 14-15 kg;
(2) compared with the traditional soilless culture method, the large-fruit watermelon planted by the method has high sugar content and better taste; the sugar content can reach 16-18%;
(3) the large-fruit watermelon planted by the method can better supply plant nutrients and balance the requirements of rapid plant growth and fruit expansion; compared with the traditional soilless culture method, the method obviously reduces the abnormal fruit incidence rate of the watermelon, and the abnormal rate is 0.2-0.6%.
Detailed Description
EXAMPLE 1 method for soilless culture of watermelon
Step 1, facility construction
The greenhouse is a galvanized pipe arched plastic greenhouse with the width of 6.5m multiplied by the length of 30m, the middle of the greenhouse is 2.6m high, the shoulders of two sides are 1.5m high, insect-proof nets with the aperture of 0.05mm are arranged at the turning points from the feet to the shoulders, and a plastic film is integrally arranged on the outer side of the greenhouse for heat preservation.
Step 2, building soilless planting tank
The method comprises the following steps of longitudinally arranging 8 planting grooves in a greenhouse, longitudinally arranging working channels with the width of 80cm at two ends and the center of the greenhouse, wherein the width of each planting groove is 0.5m, the depth of each planting groove is 20cm, paving a percolation layer with the width of 5cm at the bottom of each planting groove, and filling the planting grooves with soilless culture media;
the percolation layer is formed by mixing 10 parts of seaweed soil, river sand and coal cinder: 5: 3 in a mass ratio; the grain diameter of the river sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the grain diameter of the coal cinder is 0.4-0.8 mm;
the soilless culture substrate is prepared by mixing pine needle powder, coarse sand, dendrobium, medical stone and pig bone powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:4:7, and spraying water until the water content is 50%;
the coarse sand comprises the following steps: the particle size is 1.0-1.2mm, and the dendrobium: the medical stone powder is 80-mesh powder, and the particle size of the medical stone is as follows: 2.2-3.0 mm.
The upper percolation layer and the soilless culture substrate are matched for use, so that the culture effect is better.
Step 3, constructing a liquid supply system
The water storage and liquid storage pool needs to build 1 cement water storage and liquid storage pool with the volume of 2m multiplied by l.5m multiplied by 1m for preparing nutrient solution and storing water for drip irrigation.
The drip irrigation device adopts open drip irrigation, does not recover nutrient solution, and can be provided with 3 observation ports in each planting groove for accurately controlling the liquid supply amount. The drip irrigation device consists of a capillary, a dropper and water droppers, wherein 1 drip emitter is arranged on 1 plant. In order to ensure uniform liquid supply, a branch main pipeline is arranged in the middle of the greenhouse, and capillary pipes extend from the branch main pipeline to two sides.
The liquid supply system of the liquid supply system comprises a self-priming pump, a filter (a filter with a gauze of 100 meshes), a main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a branch main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a capillary (with the diameter of 15 mm), a dropper (with the diameter of 2.5 mm) and a dropper.
Step 4, planting
"Qingfa twelve" is a new variety of big-fruit, flower-peel watermelons newly bred by Qingfa agricultural development limited company in Heilongjiang province and suitable for early-maturing cultivation. The watermelon of the variety is cultivated in soil, and the standard amount of single watermelon is more than 12kg, and the maximum amount can reach more than 20 kg; however, the weight of a single melon is only about 4-5kg and is less than half of the soil cultivation weight when the single melon is planted by adopting the traditional soilless cultivation method.
Selecting a cultured 'Qingfa twelve-numbered' watermelon seedling plant, wherein 5 true leaves grow and the plant height is 30-31 cm; the seedling is selected for soilless culture, so that the watermelon can be guaranteed to grow well after soilless culture medium, and the method is suitable for soilless culture.
2 rows are planted in each planting groove, the row spacing in the groove is 20cm, the planting spacing is 30 cm, the planting position of each plant is 10-12cm away from the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape, and the root injury in the planting process is avoided.
Step 5, management of nutrition period
Before watermelon blossoming, the method is mainly used for vegetative growth, namely a vegetative period, during which management is very important, nutrients are accumulated, and preparation is made for reproductive growth, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
after field planting, the drip irrigation device is started, and the liquid outlet amount of the dripper is controlled to be 20 ml/h. Topdressing should be carried out once 7 days after field planting, 250kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu, and the compound fertilizer contains 50% of urea, 23% of monopotassium phosphate, 11% of potassium sulfate, 3% of potassium nitrate, 0.5% of ferric trichloride, 1% of borax and 0.2% of zinc sulfate; dissolving fertilizer into water, introducing the fertilizer into a liquid storage tank of the drip irrigation system, sucking the fertilizer by a self-priming pump, passing through a filter, redistributing the fertilizer into the drip irrigation system through a main pipeline and branch pipelines, and dripping the fertilizer into soilless culture substrates around plants by drippers for absorption and utilization.
When the melon vine grows to 1m in length, pruning is carried out, and only one melon vine which grows most vigorously is left.
Step 6, management of reproductive period
After the watermelon blooms, 3 female flowers are selected for pollination, and the distance between the selected 3 female flowers is not less than 20 cm.
The liquid outlet quantity of the dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 30 ml/h.
Applying the nutrient solution once every 5 days, wherein the using amount is 50 kg/mu; the nutrient solution comprises 2.6% of valine, 2.5% of cystine, 2.5% of methionine, 1.8% of ferrous sulfate, 0.5% of toosendanin, 3% of arbutin, 5% of timosaponin and 8.5% of resveratrol.
After the watermelon fruits grow out, when the diameter is about 1cm, 2 watermelons are removed, and only 1 larger watermelon fruit is reserved.
After the watermelon grows to about 2 kilograms, applying 80 kg/mu of nutrient solution every 10 days; the liquid outlet quantity of a dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 50 ml/h.
The watermelon is ripe 40 days after pollination and picked 39-42 days.
Example 2 method for soilless culture of watermelon
Step 1, facility construction
Same as in example 1.
Step 2, building soilless planting tank
The method comprises the following steps of longitudinally arranging 8 planting grooves in a greenhouse, longitudinally arranging working channels with the width of 80cm at two ends and the center of the greenhouse, wherein the width of each planting groove is 0.5m, the depth of each planting groove is 20cm, paving a percolation layer with the width of 5cm at the bottom of each planting groove, and filling the planting grooves with soilless culture media;
the percolation layer is formed by mixing 10 parts of seaweed soil, river sand and coal cinder: 5: 3 in a mass ratio; the grain diameter of the river sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the grain diameter of the coal cinder is 0.4-0.8 mm;
the soilless culture substrate is prepared by mixing pine needle powder, coarse sand, dendrobium, medical stone and pig bone powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:4:7, and spraying water until the water content is 55%;
the coarse sand comprises the following steps: the particle size is 1.0-1.2mm, and the dendrobium: the medical stone powder is 80-mesh powder, and the particle size of the medical stone is as follows: 2.2-3.0 mm.
The upper percolation layer and the soilless culture substrate are matched for use, so that the culture effect is better.
Step 3, constructing a liquid supply system
The water storage and liquid storage pool needs to build 1 cement water storage and liquid storage pool with the volume of 2m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 1m for preparing nutrient solution and storing water for drip irrigation.
The drip irrigation device adopts open drip irrigation, does not recover nutrient solution, and can be provided with 3 observation ports in each planting groove for accurately controlling the liquid supply amount. The drip irrigation device consists of a capillary, a dropper and water droppers, wherein 1 water dropper is arranged on each strain. In order to ensure uniform liquid supply, a branch main pipeline is arranged in the middle of the greenhouse, and capillary pipes extend from the branch main pipeline to two sides.
The liquid supply system of the liquid supply system comprises a self-priming pump, a filter (a filter with a gauze of 100 meshes), a main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a branch main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a capillary (with the diameter of 15 mm), a dropper (with the diameter of 2.5 mm) and a dropper.
Step 4, planting
"Qingfa twelve" is a new variety of big-fruit, flower-peel watermelons newly bred by Qingfa agricultural development limited company in Heilongjiang province and suitable for early-maturing cultivation. The watermelon of the variety is cultivated in soil, and the standard amount of single watermelon is more than 12kg, and the maximum amount can reach more than 20 kg; however, the weight of a single melon is only about 4-5kg and is less than half of the soil cultivation weight when the single melon is planted by adopting the traditional soilless cultivation method.
Selecting cultured 'Qingfa twelve-numbered' watermelon seedling plants, wherein 6 true leaves grow and the plant height is 32-33 cm; the seedling is selected for soilless culture, so that the watermelon can be guaranteed to grow well after soilless culture medium, and the method is suitable for soilless culture.
2 rows are planted in each planting groove, the row spacing in the groove is 20cm, the planting spacing is 30 cm, the planting position of each plant is 10-12cm away from the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape, and the root injury in the planting process is avoided.
Step 5, management of nutrition period
Before watermelon blossoming, the method is mainly used for vegetative growth, namely a vegetative period, during which management is very important, nutrients are accumulated, and preparation is made for reproductive growth, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
after field planting, the drip irrigation device is started, and the liquid outlet amount of the dripper is controlled to be 25 ml/h. Topdressing should be carried out once 7 days after field planting, 250kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu, and the compound fertilizer contains 50% of urea, 20% of monopotassium phosphate, 12% of potassium sulfate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 0.6% of ferric trichloride, 1.5% of borax and 0.2% of zinc sulfate; dissolving fertilizer into water, introducing the fertilizer into a liquid storage tank of the drip irrigation system, sucking the fertilizer by a self-priming pump, passing through a filter, redistributing the fertilizer into the drip irrigation system through a main pipeline and branch pipelines, and dripping the fertilizer into soilless culture substrates around plants by drippers for absorption and utilization.
When the melon vine grows to 1m in length, pruning is carried out, and only one melon vine which grows most vigorously is left.
Step 6, management of reproductive period
After the watermelon blooms, 3 female flowers are selected for pollination, and the distance between the selected 3 female flowers is not less than 20 cm.
The liquid outlet quantity of the dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 35 ml/h.
Applying the nutrient solution once every 5 days, wherein the using amount is 53 kg/mu; the nutrient solution comprises 2.8% of valine, 2.7% of cystine, 2.6% of methionine, 1.9% of ferrous sulfate, 0.55% of toosendanin, 3.2% of arbutin, 5.5% of timosaponin and 8.0% of resveratrol.
After the watermelon fruits grow out, when the diameter is about 1cm, 2 watermelons are removed, and only 1 larger watermelon fruit is reserved.
After the watermelon grows to 3 kilograms, applying 80 kg/mu of nutrient solution every 10 days; the liquid outlet quantity of a dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 50 ml/h.
The watermelon is ripe 40 days after pollination and picked 39-42 days.
Example 3 method for soilless culture of watermelon
Step 1, facility construction
Same as in example 1.
Step 2, building soilless planting tank
The method comprises the following steps of longitudinally arranging 8 planting grooves in a greenhouse, longitudinally arranging working channels with the width of 80cm at two ends and the center of the greenhouse, wherein the width of each planting groove is 0.5m, the depth of each planting groove is 20cm, paving a percolation layer with the width of 5cm at the bottom of each planting groove, and filling the planting grooves with soilless culture media;
the percolation layer is formed by mixing 10 parts of seaweed soil, river sand and coal cinder: 5: 3 in a mass ratio; the grain diameter of the river sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the grain diameter of the coal cinder is 0.4-0.8 mm;
the soilless culture substrate is prepared by mixing pine needle powder, coarse sand, dendrobium, medical stone and pig bone powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:4:7, and spraying water until the water content is 55%;
the coarse sand comprises the following steps: the particle size is 1.0-1.2mm, and the dendrobium: the medical stone powder is 80-mesh powder, and the particle size of the medical stone is as follows: 2.2-3.0 mm.
The upper percolation layer and the soilless culture substrate are matched for use, so that the culture effect is better.
Step 3, constructing a liquid supply system
The water storage and liquid storage pool needs to build one cement water storage and liquid storage pool with the volume of 2m multiplied by l.5m multiplied by 1m for preparing nutrient solution and storing water for drip irrigation.
The drip irrigation device adopts open drip irrigation, does not recover nutrient solution, and can be provided with 3 observation ports in each planting groove for accurately controlling the liquid supply amount. The drip irrigation device consists of a capillary, a dropper and water droppers, wherein 1 water dropper is arranged on each strain. In order to ensure uniform liquid supply, a branch main pipeline is arranged in the middle of the greenhouse, and capillary pipes extend from the branch main pipeline to two sides.
The liquid supply system of the liquid supply system comprises a self-priming pump, a filter (a filter with a gauze of 100 meshes), a main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a branch main pipeline (with the diameter of 25 mm), a capillary (with the diameter of 15 mm), a dropper (with the diameter of 2.5 mm) and a dropper.
Step 4, planting
"Qingfa twelve" is a new variety of big-fruit, flower-peel watermelons newly bred by Qingfa agricultural development limited company in Heilongjiang province and suitable for early-maturing cultivation. The watermelon of the variety is cultivated in soil, and the standard amount of single watermelon is more than 12kg, and the maximum amount can reach more than 20 kg; however, the weight of a single melon is only about 4-5kg and is less than half of the soil cultivation weight when the single melon is planted by adopting the traditional soilless cultivation method.
Selecting cultured 'Qingfa twelve-numbered' watermelon seedling plants, wherein 6 true leaves grow and the plant height is 32-33 cm; the seedling is selected for soilless culture, so that the watermelon can be guaranteed to grow well after soilless culture medium, and the method is suitable for soilless culture.
2 rows are planted in each planting groove, the row spacing in the groove is 20cm, the planting spacing is 30 cm, the planting position of each plant is 10-12cm away from the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape, and the root injury in the planting process is avoided.
Step 5, management of nutrition period
Before watermelon blossoming, the method is mainly used for vegetative growth, namely a vegetative period, during which management is very important, nutrients are accumulated, and preparation is made for reproductive growth, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
after field planting, the drip irrigation device is started, and the liquid outlet amount of the dripper is controlled to be 25 ml/h. Topdressing should be carried out once 7 days after field planting, 250kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu, and the compound fertilizer contains 52% of urea, 20% of monopotassium phosphate, 10% of potassium sulfate, 5.5% of potassium nitrate, 0.8% of ferric trichloride, 1.6% of borax and 0.5% of zinc sulfate; dissolving fertilizer into water, introducing the fertilizer into a liquid storage tank of the drip irrigation system, sucking the fertilizer by a self-priming pump, passing through a filter, redistributing the fertilizer into the drip irrigation system through a main pipeline and branch pipelines, and dripping the fertilizer into soilless culture substrates around plants by drippers for absorption and utilization.
When the melon vine grows to 1m in length, pruning is carried out, and only one melon vine which grows most vigorously is left.
Step 6, management of reproductive period
After the watermelon blooms, 3 female flowers are selected for pollination, and the distance between the selected 3 female flowers is not less than 20 cm.
The liquid outlet quantity of the dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 40 ml/h.
Applying the nutrient solution once every 7 days, wherein the using amount is 50 kg/mu; the nutrient solution comprises 2.8% of valine, 2.9% of cystine, 2.7% of methionine, 1.95% of ferrous sulfate, 0.53% of toosendanin, 3.5% of arbutin, 5.3% of timosaponin and 8.5% of resveratrol.
After the watermelon fruits grow out, when the diameter is about 1cm, 2 watermelons are removed, and only 1 larger watermelon fruit is reserved.
After the watermelons grow to 4 kilograms, applying 80 kg/mu of nutrient solution every 10 days; the liquid outlet quantity of the dripper of the drip irrigation device is controlled to be 60 ml/h.
The watermelon is ripe 40 days after pollination and picked 39-42 days.
Through tests, compared with the traditional soilless culture method, the planted watermelons have large body types, high sweetness and low aberration rate, and are shown in table 1 specifically;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table above, by adopting the traditional soilless culture method, the average single fruit weight of mature watermelon of "Qingfa twelve" is 5kg, the sugar content is 13%, and the aberration rate is 8.5%;
by adopting the soilless culture method, the average single fruit weight of mature watermelon of 'Qingfa twelve' is 14-15kg, the sugar content is 16-18 percent, and the aberration rate is 0.2-0.6 percent.
Except for special description, the proportions are mass ratios, and the percentages are mass percentages.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention, and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art; the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for soilless watermelon cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method is used for soilless culture of large-fruit watermelons and flower skin watermelons; the method comprises the steps of facility construction, soilless planting groove construction, liquid supply system construction, field planting, nutrition period management and reproductive period management;
the facility construction: building a plastic greenhouse, wherein the middle of the greenhouse is 2.5-2.8m high, the shoulders of two sides of the greenhouse are 1.4-1.6m high, and insect-proof nets with the aperture of 0.04-0.05mm are arranged at the turning points from the feet to the shoulders of the greenhouse;
the construction of the soilless planting groove: the width of the planting groove is 0.4-0.6m, the depth of the planting groove is 20-22cm, a percolation layer of 5-6cm is laid at the bottom of the planting groove, and then the planting groove is filled with a soilless culture substrate; the percolation layer is formed by mixing 10 parts of seaweed soil, river sand and coal cinder: 5: 3 in a mass ratio; the grain diameter of the river sand is 0.2-0.5mm, and the grain diameter of the coal cinder is 0.4-0.8 mm;
the soilless culture substrate is prepared by mixing pine needle powder, coarse sand, dendrobium, medical stone and pig bone powder according to the mass ratio of 5:1:1:4:7, and spraying water until the water content is 50%; the coarse sand comprises the following steps: the particle size is 1.0-1.2mm, and the dendrobium: the medical stone powder is 80-mesh powder, and the particle size of the medical stone is as follows: 2.2-3.0 mm;
the construction liquid supply system comprises: adopting open drip irrigation, wherein a liquid supply system of a liquid supply system consists of a self-priming pump, a filter, a main pipeline, a branch main pipeline, a capillary, a dropper and a dripper; the filter is a 100-mesh gauze filter, the diameters of the main pipeline and the branch main pipeline are both 25mm, the diameter of the capillary is 15mm, and the diameter of the dripper is 2.5 mm; 1 watermelon plant is provided with 1 dripper;
the field planting: selecting a cultured 'Qingfa twelve-numbered' watermelon seedling plant, wherein 5 true leaves grow and the plant height is 30-31 cm; planting 2 rows in each planting groove, wherein the row spacing in the groove is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30 cm, and the distance between the planting position of each plant and the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape is 10-12 cm;
the nutrient phase management comprises the following steps: dissolving compound fertilizer into water, introducing the compound fertilizer into a liquid storage tank of a drip irrigation system, sucking the compound fertilizer by a self-priming pump, passing through a filter, redistributing the compound fertilizer to the drip irrigation system through a main pipeline and branch pipelines, and dripping the compound fertilizer into soilless culture substrates around plants by a dripper for absorption and utilization;
after field planting, starting the drip irrigation device, and controlling the liquid outlet amount of the drippers to be 20-25 ml/h; topdressing should be carried out once 7 days after planting, 250kg of compound fertilizer is topdressed per mu, and the compound fertilizer contains 50% of urea, 20% of monopotassium phosphate, 12% of potassium sulfate, 5% of potassium nitrate, 0.6% of ferric trichloride, 1.5% of borax and 0.2% of zinc sulfate;
the reproductive period management comprises the following steps:
after the watermelon blooms, selecting 3 female flowers for pollination, wherein the distance between the selected 3 female flowers is not less than 20 cm; controlling the liquid outlet quantity of a dripper of the drip irrigation device to be 30-40 ml/h; applying the nutrient solution once every 7 days, wherein the using amount is 50-55 kg/mu; the nutrient solution comprises 2.8% of valine, 2.7% of cystine, 2.6% of methionine, 1.9% of ferrous sulfate, 0.55% of toosendanin, 3.2% of arbutin, 5.5% of timosaponin and 8.0% of resveratrol;
after the watermelon fruits grow out, when the diameter is about 1cm, removing 2 watermelons and only keeping 1 larger watermelon fruit; after the watermelon grows to 2-4 kg, applying 80 kg/mu of nutrient solution every 10 days; controlling the liquid outlet quantity of a dripper of the drip irrigation device to be 50-60 ml/h;
the average single fruit weight of the grown large-fruit watermelon is 14-15kg, the sugar content can reach 16-18%, and the deformity rate is 0.2-0.6%.
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| CN106233961A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-21 | 大禹节水（天津）有限公司 | A kind of Citrullus vulgaris under-film drip irrigation water-saving planting method |
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