CN110583461A - Soilless culture method of watermelons - Google Patents
Soilless culture method of watermelons Download PDFInfo
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- CN110583461A CN110583461A CN201911018829.3A CN201911018829A CN110583461A CN 110583461 A CN110583461 A CN 110583461A CN 201911018829 A CN201911018829 A CN 201911018829A CN 110583461 A CN110583461 A CN 110583461A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless culture method of watermelons, which comprises the following steps: step S1, seed treatment, including seed selection, seed drying, seed soaking and germination acceleration; step S2, cultivating seedling substrate, including: when the seed buds grow to 0.3-0.5cm, sowing the seed buds in a seedling culture substrate, wherein the culture substrate comprises grass carbon, rice hull carbon, crop straws, river sand, vermiculite, vinegar residue, perlite, bark, bacillus subtilis, trichoderma, compound vitamins and a supplement composition; covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3-5 days; step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, planting, and applying selenium-rich organic fertilizer regularly. The watermelon finally cultivated by the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages of strong rootstocks, short growth period, rich nutrition and good taste, and greatly improves the emergence rate and reduces the incidence rate of insect pests.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a soilless culture method of watermelons.
Background
The watermelon is a good fruit in the midsummer, contains a large amount of glucose, malic acid, fructose, proteinic amino acid, lycopene, abundant vitamin C and other substances besides fat and cholesterol, and is a pure food with high nutrition and safe eating.
Soilless culture is a modern seedling culture technology which takes grass carbon or light materials such as forest leaf mold, vermiculite and the like as seedling culture substrates to fix plants, enables plant roots to directly contact nutrient solution and adopts mechanical precision seeding to grow seedlings once. The soilless seedling culture does not use soil, but uses solid materials which are not soil as a substrate, is watered with nutrient solution, or does not use any substrate, but uses a water culture or spray mode for seedling culture, and has the following advantages:
the seedlings grow rapidly, the seedling age is short, the root system is well developed, the seedlings are strong and tidy, the seedling revival time after the planting is short, and the seedlings are easy to survive. The substrate seedling culture and the nutrient solution seedling culture can ensure sufficient water and nutrient supply and good substrate ventilation. Meanwhile, the soilless seedling culture is convenient for scientific and standard management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a soilless culture method of watermelons, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds: selecting drought-resistant and disease-resistant varieties with storage time within two years, wherein the grains are required to be full and clean and have no mildew and bacterial plaque;
step S12, sun seeding: sun-drying the selected seeds for 5-9 hours;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 3-5 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 50-60min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in the selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 50-60min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.3-0.5cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of turf, 10-12 parts of rice husk charcoal, 10-12 parts of crop straw, 20-25 parts of river sand, 15-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-7 parts of vinegar residue, 8-10 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of bark, 5-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-8 parts of trichoderma, 4-6 parts of compound vitamin and 5-10 parts of a supplement composition;
step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3-5 days;
step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, planting, and applying selenium-rich organic fertilizer regularly.
In step S21, the supplementary composition includes the following components in parts by mass: 3-4 parts of chelated iron, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of triacontanol, 5-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-6 parts of potassium nitrate and 1-2 parts of iron oxide nanoparticles.
In step S22, the sprayed nutrient solution includes the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1-2 parts of potassium nitride, 3-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-4 parts of copper sulfate and 3-4 parts of ammonium phosphate.
In step S21, the method for preparing the culture medium includes:
step SA: smashing turf, rice hull charcoal, crop straws and barks into particles;
step SB: crushing vermiculite and perlite into particles;
step SC: stirring all the components, mixing, and performing stacking fermentation at 60-70 deg.C for 8-12 days;
step SD: and drying the substrate in an oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the seedling substrate.
In the step S3, the applied selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-2 parts of needle mushroom residues, 8-10 parts of humus, 8-10 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of konjac flour.
The watermelon finally cultivated by the soilless cultivation method provided by the invention has the advantages of strong rootstocks, short growth period, rich nutrition and good taste, and greatly improves the emergence rate and reduces the incidence rate of insect pests.
Detailed Description
In order to further understand the technical solution and the advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description will be provided for the technical solution and the advantages thereof.
The invention provides a soilless culture method of watermelons, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds: selecting drought-resistant and disease-resistant varieties with storage time within two years, wherein the grains are required to be full and clean and have no mildew and bacterial plaque;
step S12, sun seeding: sun-drying the selected seeds for 5-9 hours;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 3-5 hours respectively, draining water and airing; the sodium hypochlorite solution and the carbendazim wettable powder solution respectively play a role in sterilizing and disinfecting seeds, and after sun-drying and seed soaking treatment, substances such as pectin, sugar and the like on the surfaces of watermelon seeds are greatly reduced, so that the later germination effect is facilitated;
step S14, pregermination: soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 50-60min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in the selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 50-60min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature; after the gibberellin solution is soaked, the germination rate of seeds in the later-stage vermiculite germination accelerating treatment process can be improved, after the selenium-rich nutrient solution is soaked, the absorption of selenium in the later-stage planting process can be improved, the nutritional value of watermelons is increased, and after the selenium-rich nutrient solution is subjected to magnetization treatment, the osmotic pressure of the selenium-rich nutrient solution is increased, and the absorption effect of the seeds is increased accordingly.
Step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.3-0.5cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of turf, 10-12 parts of rice husk charcoal, 10-12 parts of crop straw, 20-25 parts of river sand, 15-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-7 parts of vinegar residue, 8-10 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of bark, 5-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-8 parts of trichoderma, 4-6 parts of compound vitamin and 5-10 parts of a supplement composition; wherein the supplementary composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3-4 parts of chelated iron, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of triacontanol, 5-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-6 parts of potassium nitrate and 1-2 parts of iron oxide nanoparticles.
The crop straws, barks and the like can be obtained from local materials, and the waste can be recycled, so that the method is economic and convenient and saves the cost; the iron oxide nano particles can promote the extension of the watermelon root system and the growth of watermelon seedlings in the later cultivation process; the rice husk carbon contains rich C, N, K and other resources, can promote the development of seedling roots, improve the growth speed of seedlings and shorten the seedling age; vermiculite, perlite and the like, which not only provide basic elements for seedling development, but also can ensure stable chemical properties, good water retention and air permeability of the composite matrix and increase economic benefits; finally, triacontanol in the supplementary composition can increase the biological conversion rate and play a role in increasing the yield; the chelated iron, the boric acid, the calcium superphosphate, the potassium nitrate and the like further ensure the sufficient nutrition of the watermelon seedlings, and lay a foundation for the later development.
The culture medium is prepared by the following method:
step SA: smashing turf, rice hull charcoal, crop straws and barks into particles;
step SB: crushing vermiculite and perlite into particles;
step SC: stirring all the components, mixing, and performing stacking fermentation at 60-70 deg.C for 8-12 days;
step SD: and drying the substrate in an oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the seedling substrate.
Step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3-5 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1-2 parts of potassium nitride, 3-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-4 parts of copper sulfate and 3-4 parts of ammonium phosphate.
Step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, field planting is carried out, and a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied regularly, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of needle mushroom residues, 8-10 parts of humus, 8-10 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of konjac flour, and the selenium-rich organic fertilizer further improves the absorption of selenium element by watermelons, so that the cultivated watermelons have high water content and are easy to digest and absorb.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the soilless culture method provided by the invention, the invention provides the following specific embodiments:
example 1:
a soilless culture method of watermelons comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds;
step S12, sun seeding: drying the selected seeds in the sun for 5 hours;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 3 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 60min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in the selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 60min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.4cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of turf, 10 parts of rice hull charcoal, 10 parts of crop straw, 22 parts of river sand, 16 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of vinegar residue, 8 parts of perlite, 6 parts of bark, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of trichoderma, 5 parts of compound vitamin and 6 parts of supplementary composition; wherein the supplementary composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of boric acid, 4 parts of triacontanol, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 1 part of iron oxide nano particles.
Step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3-5 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium nitride, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium phosphate.
Step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, field planting is carried out, and a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied regularly, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of flammulina velutipes mushroom residue, 8 parts of humus, 8 parts of plant ash and 1 part of konjac flour.
Example 2:
a soilless culture method of watermelons comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds;
step S12, sun seeding: sun-drying the selected seeds for 9 hours in the sun;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 5 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 50min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 50min, airing the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.5cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of rice husk charcoal, 12 parts of crop straws, 22 parts of river sand, 18 parts of vermiculite, 6 parts of vinegar residue, 9 parts of perlite, 6 parts of bark, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5 parts of trichoderma, 6 parts of compound vitamin and 8 parts of supplementary composition; wherein the supplementary composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of chelated iron, 2 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of triacontanol, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 2 parts of iron oxide nanoparticles.
Step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium sulfate, 23 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium nitride, 4 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate and 3 parts of ammonium phosphate.
Step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, field planting is carried out, and a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied regularly, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2 parts of needle mushroom residues, 9 parts of humus, 9 parts of plant ash and 1 part of konjac flour.
Example 3:
a soilless culture method of watermelons comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds;
step S12, sun seeding: drying the selected seeds in the sun for 8 hours;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 4 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking seeds in gibberellin solution for 55min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 55min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.3cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 11 parts of turf, 11 parts of rice hull charcoal, 11 parts of crop straw, 24 parts of river sand, 16 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of vinegar residue, 10 parts of perlite, 8 parts of bark, 8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of trichoderma, 6 parts of compound vitamin and 8 parts of supplementary composition; wherein the supplementary composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of boric acid, 4 parts of triacontanol, 6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 6 parts of potassium nitrate and 1 part of iron oxide nano particles.
Step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 5 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of urea, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, 4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1 part of potassium nitride, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 4 parts of copper sulfate and 4 parts of ammonium phosphate.
Step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, field planting is carried out, and a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied regularly, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of flammulina velutipes mushroom dregs, 9 parts of humus, 9 parts of plant ash and 1.5 parts of konjac flour.
Example 4:
a soilless culture method of watermelons comprises the following steps:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds;
step S12, sun seeding: sun-drying the selected seeds for 6 hours in the sun;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 4 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking seeds in gibberellin solution for 55min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 55min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.4cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 12 parts of turf, 12 parts of rice husk charcoal, 10 parts of crop straw, 22 parts of river sand, 16 parts of vermiculite, 7 parts of vinegar residue, 10 parts of perlite, 8 parts of bark, 5 parts of bacillus subtilis, 8 parts of trichoderma, 6 parts of compound vitamin and 8 parts of supplementary composition; wherein the supplementary composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3 parts of chelated iron, 1 part of boric acid, 3 parts of triacontanol, 5 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium nitrate and 2 parts of iron oxide nanoparticles.
Step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3 days; the nutrient solution comprises the following components in parts by mass: 2 parts of urea, 1 part of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of calcium nitrate, 2 parts of potassium nitride, 3 parts of manganese sulfate, 3 parts of copper sulfate and 4 parts of ammonium phosphate.
Step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, field planting is carried out, and a selenium-rich organic fertilizer is applied regularly, wherein the selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of flammulina velutipes mushroom residue, 8 parts of humus, 10 parts of plant ash and 2 parts of konjac flour.
Comparative example: the selection of seeds is consistent with the invention, the seeds are also treated by the processes of sunning, soaking, accelerating germination and the like, and the cultivation process also selects a seedling culture substrate for cultivation, and the difference is that the seeds are not soaked by a sodium hypochlorite solution, a carbendazim wettable powder solution, gibberellin, selenium-rich nutrient solution and the like, and the seedling culture substrate and fertilizers in the planting process are selected from the existing fertilizers purchased in the market.
The cultivation effects of the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are as follows:
compared with the prior art, the soilless culture method of the watermelons, provided by the invention, has the advantages that due to the fact that the pretreatment of seeds and the proportion of the matrix are limited, and the special nutrient solution and the fertilizer are added in the matrix seedling raising and field planting processes, the finally cultured watermelons are thick in rootstocks, short in growth period, rich in nutrition and good in taste, the emergence rate is greatly improved, and the insect pest incidence rate is reduced.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The soilless culture method of the watermelons is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, seed treatment, comprising the following steps:
step S11, selecting seeds: selecting drought-resistant and disease-resistant varieties with storage time within two years, wherein the grains are required to be full and clean and have no mildew and bacterial plaque;
step S12, sun seeding: sun-drying the selected seeds for 5-9 hours;
step S13, soaking seeds: soaking the seeds in clear water, removing the seeds floating on the water surface, soaking the seeds left at the water bottom in a sodium hypochlorite solution and a carbendazim wettable powder solution for 3-5 hours respectively, draining water and airing;
step S14, pregermination: soaking the seeds in gibberellin solution for 50-60min, cleaning the seeds with clear water, soaking the seeds in the selenium-rich nutrient solution subjected to magnetization treatment for 50-60min, drying the surface moisture of the seeds, putting the seeds into a container filled with vermiculite, adding a proper amount of clear water, sealing the opening of the container with a preservative film with a plurality of small holes, and standing at constant temperature at room temperature;
step S2, cultivating the seedling substrate, comprising the following steps:
step S21: when the seed buds grow to 0.3-0.5cm, sowing the seed buds into a seedling culture medium, wherein the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of turf, 10-12 parts of rice husk charcoal, 10-12 parts of crop straw, 20-25 parts of river sand, 15-20 parts of vermiculite, 5-7 parts of vinegar residue, 8-10 parts of perlite, 6-8 parts of bark, 5-8 parts of bacillus subtilis, 5-8 parts of trichoderma, 4-6 parts of compound vitamin and 5-10 parts of a supplement composition;
step S22: covering the plastic film on the sowed seedling substrate, culturing in a glass room, replenishing water every other day, and spraying nutrient solution every other 3-5 days;
step S3, field planting: after more than eight sprouts emerge, planting, and applying selenium-rich organic fertilizer regularly.
2. The method for soilless culture of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S21, the supplement composition includes the following components in parts by mass: 3-4 parts of chelated iron, 1-2 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of triacontanol, 5-6 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5-6 parts of potassium nitrate and 1-2 parts of iron oxide nanoparticles.
3. The method for soilless culture of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S22, the sprayed nutrient solution includes the following components in parts by mass: 2-4 parts of urea, 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of calcium nitrate, 1-2 parts of potassium nitride, 3-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 3-4 parts of copper sulfate and 3-4 parts of ammonium phosphate.
4. The method for soilless culture of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: in step S21, the method for preparing the culture medium includes:
step SA: smashing turf, rice hull charcoal, crop straws and barks into particles;
step SB: crushing vermiculite and perlite into particles;
step SC: stirring all the components, mixing, and performing stacking fermentation at 60-70 deg.C for 8-12 days;
step SD: and drying the substrate in an oven at 70 ℃ to obtain the seedling substrate.
5. The method for soilless culture of watermelon according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S3, the applied selenium-rich organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 1-2 parts of needle mushroom residues, 8-10 parts of humus, 8-10 parts of plant ash and 1-2 parts of konjac flour.
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