CN101248743A - High ridge and nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology - Google Patents
High ridge and nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN101248743A CN101248743A CNA2008100431882A CN200810043188A CN101248743A CN 101248743 A CN101248743 A CN 101248743A CN A2008100431882 A CNA2008100431882 A CN A2008100431882A CN 200810043188 A CN200810043188 A CN 200810043188A CN 101248743 A CN101248743 A CN 101248743A
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Abstract
The invention relates to cultivation technique adopting high-ridge nutrient fluid drip irrigation, which is characterized in that high ridges covered by plastic membrane and nutrient fluid drip irrigation are included, wherein, the upper part of the high ridge covered by plastic membrane is circular-arc-shaped, the top part of the circular arc is provided with a drip irrigation pipe or a drip irrigation belt, the drip irrigation pipe or the drip irrigation belt is provided with drippers or dripping holes; the nutrient fluid drip irrigation adopts interval drip irrigation mode to irrigate. The cultivation technique forms a soil growth environment with complete nutritive elements, reasonable proportion and sufficient water and air in a plough horizon, which facilitates the plants to greatly grow, causes no harm to the soil, provides an environment isolated from the surrounding soil for root system and greatly reduces the degree of slat return. The cultivation technique can be applied to improve saline land and applied to non-saline-land, which can prevent soil salinization and increase crop production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of on bad soil, planting plant, particularly disclose a kind of technology that adopts overlay film high ridge drip irrigation nutrient solution efficiently to cultivate, be applicable to the plant planting on the various soil, be particularly useful for low yields such as saline land, barren ground on the ground.
Background technology
Present alkaline land improving measure is divided into these three kinds of physical methods, chemical measure, biological control measure substantially.Physical method comprises that irrigation and drainage technology, shovel scrape table soil, loosen the soil and applying organic manure material, the husky alkali of pressing in shop.The chemistry measure is generally the use chemical improvement agent.Biological control measure comprises that plantation salt-tolerant plant improvement saline land, technique for gene engineering improve plant salt endurance.
Though these measures have all obtained certain effect, also exist some problems simultaneously.Use fresh water flushing and applying organic manure effect pretty good in the physical method, but these resource-constraineds, especially freshwater resources, and on the saline land behind the applying organic manure, can cause the shortage of these resources on other soil; For chemical modifying, though instant effect is introduced new ion easily and caused secondary pollution, and fund input and specification requirement are all very high; And there are limitation such as regular hour zone in biological control measure; For hungry soil, major part is used single or several chemical fertilizer, because nutritive element is unbalanced, not comprehensive in the fertilizer, effect of increasing production is limited.
In addition, in the present efficient facility cultivation fertilising, the composite fertilizer that executes a large amount of single fertilizer or several elements is spread fertilizer over the fields, dashed to most of the employing, major part is nitrogen phosphorus potassium (NPK) composite fertilizer, cause soil secondary salinization, some soil has found to lack fertile and some trace element fertilizers such as calcium magnesium, and yield potential is very limited.
Therefore, the limitation in various degree in view of existing ameliorative measure exists presses for new fertilising and the method for improving the soil.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the defective that exists in present fertilising and the amendement, provide the effective soil application of a kind of energy and improvement salinized soil, hungry soil culture technique, disclose a kind of high ridge, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology, be applicable to low yields such as saline land, barren ground plant planting on the ground.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of high ridge, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology, it is characterized in that: high ridge and nutrient fluid drip irrigation two parts of comprising covered with plastic film.Determine row spacing, ridge height according to the crop of being cultivated, high ridge top is circular arc, surface requirements is smooth, slick and sly, at high ridge circular arc top drip irrigation equipments such as drip irrigation pipe or irrigate band is housed, and water dropper is installed or drips the hole according to plant planting density on drip irrigation pipe or the irrigate band; High ridge all covers with agricultural plastic film, and drip irrigation pipe or irrigate band can be installed under the film or on the film as required.Described nutrient fluid drip irrigation, nutrient solution contain required various of plant growing must element, comprise in high dissolubility nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, the iron fertilizer three kinds and more than, also comprise in high dissolubility manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, the chlorine fertilizer at least a.It is mixed with irrigates that various constituent contents are to contain N100～250g, P in every cubic metre of aqueous solution after the nutrient solution
2O
530～120g, K
2O 200～400g, CaO 50～150g, MgO 10～80g, S 10～80g, Fe0.1～1g, Mn 0.1～0.5g, Cu 0.01～0.1g, Zn 0.01～0.5g, B 0.1～1.0g, Mo 0.01～0.1g, Cl 10～50g.
Drip irrigation equipment is complete, comprises Irrigation Machine (or nutrition liquid pool and immersible pump), feed flow trunk line, feed flow branch pipe(tube), labyrinth emitter etc.
The soil of high ridge can be any kind such as rich soil, salinized soil, barren soil or sandy soil.After installing irrigation system, if salinized soil, at first the drip irrigation clear water to soil lower floor, is irrigated nutrient solution with removable ion drip washing in the soil then, makes plow layer contain suitable full nutrition composition; If hungry soil is then directly irrigated nutrient solution.
Be lower than 30% etc. soil moisture content, loose a little after, just can sow or the field planting crop, drip irrigation one time of nutrition liquid again after the field planting, wait slow seedling after, do the situation of wetting, drip irrigation nutrient solution according to soil.But seedling stage minimum one all drip irrigations once, every day peak of growing season, drip irrigation was 1～2 time, the drip irrigation amount is decided according to crop.
When the drip irrigation facility is installed on the film, locate to break film, water or nutrient solution can directly be dripped in the soil at water dropper (dripping the hole).
The used macroelement fertilizer of the present invention comprises nitrate of lime, potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, potassium sulphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP), diammonium hydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; Secondary nutrients is chelated iron (EDTA-Fe), ferrous sulfate etc.; Trace element fertilizer comprises boric acid, borax, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate, manganese sulphate, ammonium molybdate etc.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: adopt overlay film high ridge nutrient fluid drip irrigation, to salinized soil can with in the background soil movably ion (comprising useful and harmful ion) drip washing below plough horizon, in this vegetative period, nutritive element is complete, proportioning is relatively reasonable to form one in plow layer, the soil growing environment of water, gas abundance can be grown well in order to plant.According to Different Crop and different growing the demand of nutrition is determined the composition and the concentration of nutrient solution can not cause big salt accumulation to soil.Owing to do not contain Cl in the nutrient solution
-, HCO
3 -, Na
-Wait these to be difficult for the poisonous ion that moves, after therefore irrigation finishes, can not cause murder by poisoning soil.Adopt high ridge, for root growth provides an environment isolated with surrounding soil, after salinity on the cultivating bed is gone down by drip washing, only may there be the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of underground in drip irrigation, and have the accumulation of salt in the surface soil of surrounding soil in interval, greatly reduce accumulation of salt in the surface soil degree, if the drip irrigation Frequency Design is reasonable, then can stop accumulation of salt in the surface soil phenomenon fully, the environment of a suitable growth is provided for root system.The present invention can be applied to the improvement in saline land, can be applicable to again prevent the salinization of soil on the non-saline land, makes crop yield.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
With the cucumber crop is example, and according to the main distribution of cucumber root, the height of determining high ridge is 20～35cm, and ridge bottom width degree is 40～60cm, the high ridge surface smoothing, and two distance between the ridges are 1.2m.Drip irrigation system is laid in the whole good back of high ridge, and every ridge is laid one
Pipe, the middle labyrinth emitter of installing, dripper spacing is 30cm, lays the agripast mulch film after installing drip irrigation equipment.
For salinized soil, using clear water drip irrigation, drip irrigation amount earlier is 1～2m
3/ mu can be at water dropper place rupture of membranes sowing or field planting rice shoot after waiting 2～3 days, drip irrigation one time of nutrition liquid again after the field planting, and the drip irrigation amount is 1m
3/ mu, later on weekly drip irrigation once, the drip irrigation amount is 1m
3/ mu.When seedling has 6 leaves above, change per 3 days into once, each 1m
3/ mu.When beginning to gather, change every day 1～3 time, each 0.8～1.5m into
3/ mu.
Used fertilizer and the consumption of preparation nutrient solution is to contain N 134g, P in every cubic metre of aqueous solution
2O
5105g, K
2O 213g, CaO59.5g, MgO 16.5g, S 13g, Fe 2.8g, Mn 0.5g, Cu 0.2g, Zn 0.5g, B 0.5g, Mo 0.01g.
For hungry soil, use nutrient fluid drip irrigation during beginning, irrigation method and irrigation volume are the same.The inventive method not only is used for salinized soil, hungry soil, also can be used for rich soil and other type soil.
Embodiment 2:
According to above principle, (ZL200310109079.3) soil (can be all types soil such as saline-alkali soil, barren soil, sandy soil, rural area soil) of packing in liquid storage air storing type cultivation apparatus without soil, and install drip irrigation system.Every covering device is installed 1 labyrinth emitter, by liquid supply pressure control flow.For salinized soil, the time started drip irrigation clear water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching of having a rest stops drip washing during less than 2ms/cm up to the phegma EC value that flows out from spillway hole.Reduce etc. soil moisture content, can sow or the field planting seedling after soil is loose a little, drip irrigation nutrient solution after the field planting, flow are every covering device 0.25L, and later every day, drip irrigation was 1～2 time, and the drip irrigation total amount is 0.3L.When seedling has 6 leaves above, change drip irrigation 2～3 times every day into, the irrigation total amount is 0.5～1.0L.When beginning to gather, change every day 3～5 times into, each irrigation volume is 0.2～0.5L.For other type soil, then directly irrigate nutrient solution.Nutrient solution prescription is with embodiment 1.
Claims (5)
1. a high ridge, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology, it is characterized in that: high ridge and nutrient fluid drip irrigation two parts of comprising covered with plastic film, the high ridge top of described covered with plastic film is flat circular arc, at the circular arc top drip irrigation pipe or irrigate band are housed, water dropper are installed or drip the hole according to plant planting density on drip irrigation pipe or the irrigate band; Described nutrient solution contains required various of plant growing must element, comprise in high dissolubility nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, the iron fertilizer three kinds and more than.
2. a kind of high ridge according to claim 1, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology is characterized in that: the soil of described high ridge is selected a kind of in rich soil, salinized soil, barren soil or sandy soil.
3. a kind of high ridge according to claim 1, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology is characterized in that: described nutrient solution also comprises in high dissolubility manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum, the chlorine fertilizer at least a.
4. a kind of high ridge according to claim 1, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology is characterized in that: described drip irrigation pipe or irrigate band are installed under the film or on the film.
5. a kind of high ridge according to claim 1, nutrient fluid drip irrigation cultivation technology is characterized in that: described nutrient fluid drip irrigation employing intermittently drip irrigation mode is irrigated, to the nutrient solution of salinized soil elder generation's drip irrigation clear water or low concentration; To hungry soil, then direct drip irrigation nutrient solution; After soil moisture content is lower than 30%, can be at water dropper place sowing or field planting rice shoot, drip irrigation one time of nutrition liquid again after the field planting is later on according to wet situation of doing of soil and plant growing situation drip irrigation several times nutrient solution.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101507394B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Chinese wild rye direct seeding method on saline-alkali land |
| CN101507402B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-07-20 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land |
| CN102199062A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-09-28 | 任丽仙 | Biological organic fertilizer for preventing soil salinization of protected land and preparation method thereof |
| CN102204467A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-10-05 | 刘立功 | Method for cultivating organic matrix of vegetable |
| CN102742490A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry and filtration irrigation cultivation method under ladder-type cultivation of rice |
| CN102783326A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN103980028A (en) * | 2014-06-08 | 2014-08-13 | 云南睿智农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution for soil-free cultivation of vegetables |
| CN105145241A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-16 | 丽江云岭生物科技开发有限公司 | Horseradish tree plantation method |
| CN105850263A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizer irrigation method for increasing yield of greenhouse vegetables on saline-alkali soil |
| CN105993777A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for performing original soil greening on saline-alkali land with under-mulch drip irrigation technology using improver containing cow dung fermentation liquor |
| CN105993805A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Building method of saline-alkali soil high-ridge orchard |
| CN106069530A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of high organic fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil photinia glabra thereof |
| CN106105675A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of iron content fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Folium seu Cortex Nerii thereof |
| CN107517612A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-29 | 句容市后白镇美佳多果品专业合作社 | A kind of soil management method in pear tree field |
| CN108887105A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | A kind of production method of dried Frutus Momordicae Charantiae |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2030800U (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-01-18 | 南方 | Plastic film for micro-irrigation |
| CN1065711C (en) * | 1997-02-24 | 2001-05-16 | 许明东 | Under-mulching irrigation method for crops planting with mulching |
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2008
- 2008-03-25 CN CN2008100431882A patent/CN101248743B/en active Active
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| CN101507402B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-07-20 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Drip-irrigation tree cultivation method on severe alkaline land |
| CN101507394B (en) * | 2009-04-03 | 2011-04-20 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Chinese wild rye direct seeding method on saline-alkali land |
| CN102199062A (en) * | 2011-03-30 | 2011-09-28 | 任丽仙 | Biological organic fertilizer for preventing soil salinization of protected land and preparation method thereof |
| CN102204467B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2015-01-21 | 刘立功 | Method for cultivating organic matrix of vegetable |
| CN102204467A (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2011-10-05 | 刘立功 | Method for cultivating organic matrix of vegetable |
| CN102742490A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-24 | 湖南农业大学 | Dry and filtration irrigation cultivation method under ladder-type cultivation of rice |
| CN102783326A (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2012-11-21 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN102783326B (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2013-08-14 | 贵州省烟草科学研究所 | Moisture-conservation-free under-film trickle irrigation transplanting method for tobacco seedlings |
| CN103980028B (en) * | 2014-06-08 | 2016-01-20 | 云南睿智农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vegetable soilless-culture nutrient solution |
| CN103980028A (en) * | 2014-06-08 | 2014-08-13 | 云南睿智农业科技有限公司 | Nutrient solution for soil-free cultivation of vegetables |
| CN105145241A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-16 | 丽江云岭生物科技开发有限公司 | Horseradish tree plantation method |
| CN105850263A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-08-17 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Fertilizer irrigation method for increasing yield of greenhouse vegetables on saline-alkali soil |
| CN105850263B (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-12-29 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of fertilizer irrigation method of saline-alkali soil facilities vegetable volume increase |
| CN105993777A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2016-10-12 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for performing original soil greening on saline-alkali land with under-mulch drip irrigation technology using improver containing cow dung fermentation liquor |
| CN105993805A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-10-12 | 山东农业大学 | Building method of saline-alkali soil high-ridge orchard |
| CN106069530A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of high organic fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil photinia glabra thereof |
| CN106105675A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of iron content fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil Folium seu Cortex Nerii thereof |
| CN105993805B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2019-02-01 | 山东农业大学 | The construction method in salt-soda soil high ridge orchard |
| CN107517612A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2017-12-29 | 句容市后白镇美佳多果品专业合作社 | A kind of soil management method in pear tree field |
| CN108887105A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-11-27 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | A kind of production method of dried Frutus Momordicae Charantiae |
| CN108887105B (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-04-13 | 贵州省果树科学研究所 | Production method of dried bitter gourd |
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