CN104303668B - A kind of fertilizing method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303668B CN104303668B CN201410575823.7A CN201410575823A CN104303668B CN 104303668 B CN104303668 B CN 104303668B CN 201410575823 A CN201410575823 A CN 201410575823A CN 104303668 B CN104303668 B CN 104303668B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps: by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays drip irrigation zone；Artificial hole tray is loaded in spacious cave, makes drip irrigation zone drip hole by spacious cave position distribution；Facility cultivation special fertilizer gradation is applied in the blind hole of each artificial hole tray, be pressed into blank cap；Drip irrigation zone flow 1.2-1.4L/h, drip irrigation 3-6h/d, ground moistening degree of depth 30-40cm.Fertilizing method provided by the invention, conventional plants eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops material is used to replace full aqueous liquid fertilizer, drip irrigation clear water in facility eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop time of infertility, passes through water and fertilizer coupling, it is achieved facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral production model.For eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, fertilizer application frequency is down to 3-5 time from 8-15 time, reached reduce cost put into and fat-reducing, water saving, potentiation effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecological environment field, be specifically related to the fertilizing method of a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral.
Background technology
In some vegetables planting bases of China, facility cultivation is main production model, and continuous cropping is again a kind of commonplace mode of production.Owing to long-term continuous cropping and inorganic fertilizer and the excessive of chemical pesticide are used, continuous cropping harm highlights, continuous cropping harm includes the reduction of soil fertility and microbial diversity, accumulates and soil-borne disease, soil acidification etc. from toxin, the problems such as the decline of vegetable crop yield and quality, environmental pollution can be caused, seriously govern the development of industrialized agriculture.
Due to continuous cropping, cause protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix nutrient imbalance, especially because fertilizer amount is big, N P and K applicating ratio is uneven, fertilizing method is improper, while improving yield, increasing benefit, also lead to that a series of comparatively serious problems such as protected horticultural vegetable field soil or the non-homogenized of cultivation matrix fertility, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio decline, economic benefit reduction, eco-environmental quality decline, Product Safety reduction occur.The Integration of Water into Fertilizer is to apply fertilizers scientifically and reasonable use of water is combined closely, and clay fertilizer technology, agronomic technique and water-saving irrigation technique carry out the technology of integrating, is the effective ways solving the problems referred to above, and wherein the selection of fertilizer is crucial.
At present, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, especially supporting drip irrigation technique, it is desirable to fertilizer is entirely water-soluble.But, full aqueous liquid fertilizer there is problems in that
First, water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation technique is developed so far, and the preparation of liquid fertilizer not only to consider the ratio of various inorganic salt, it is also contemplated that the kind of inorganic salt used.Require that the raw material that uses must be water miscible, required various nutrients, it is impossible to prepare with less expensive basic chemical fertilizer with agricultural completely, and with the chemical reagent of industrial chemicals and chemical pure level.In material choice, in order to the nutrient content making liquid fertilizer is higher, need fertilizer based on preparation APP solution, and the production of APP needs a large amount of peroxophosphoric acid, and need to remove the impurity wherein hindering liquid fertilizer production as far as possible, therefore material choice has limitation, and some raw material is costly, i.e. Price Bottleneck problem.
Second, the preparation of liquid fertilizer should be able to tolerate the minimum temperature being likely encountered, in order to avoid producing crystallization and precipitation, causes drip irrigation zone (pipe) or drip hole blocking.
3rd, utilize irrigation water system applicating liquid fertilizer to need certain condition, the more difficult grasp of management technique, without professional training or technological guidance, generally cannot grasp, cause the production problem of the underproduction or more serious, affect the spread of facility cultivation.
4th, there is the lethal characteristics of continuous cropping obstacle, soil or the imbalance of cultivation matrix microbiota and secondary salinization in current facility cultivation mode.Empirical, blindness fertilising, especially the excessive of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer is used, and makes soil or cultivation matrix physicochemical property deteriorate, and the increase of nutrient density in the soil liquid also exacerbates the secondary salinization degree of facility cultivation continuous cropping obstacle.Due to physiological barrier, continuous cropping obstacle and secondary salinization, in vegetable body, nitrate accumulates in a large number, causes facilities vegetable yield and quality to decline.
Can simplified production method in facilities vegetable crop time of infertility, reach that joint is fertile, water saving, reduce labor intensity and be just particularly important, simultaneously, it is badly in need of developing the fertilizing method of a kind of novel facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, to alleviate a series of comparatively serious problems that current facility cultivation aqueous liquid fertilizer exists.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the fertilizing method of a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, specifically adopt the following technical scheme that: the fertilizing method of a kind of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, comprise the following steps:
(1) by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays drip irrigation zone；
(2) artificial hole tray being loaded in spacious cave, artificial hole tray end face is with spacious cave pocket at grade；
(3) by facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops quantitatively, gradation apply in the blind hole of each artificial hole tray, be pressed into blank cap, and drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone be placed on the center of artificial hole tray；
(4) selecting drip irrigation zone flow is 1.2-1.4L/h, and the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening degree of depth 30-40cm.
The drip irrigation zone adopted in fertilizing method of the present invention is the parts in conventional drip irrigation system.Conventional drip irrigation system includes hydraulic-pressure regulating valve, water meter, venturi differential pressure formula fertilizer spreading tank, screen cloth or laminated filter and drip irrigation zone etc..
Concrete, the pocket diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)The deep 60mm-90mm in cave.
Concrete, described in step (1), artificial hole tray is cylinder, column diameterCylinder height 50mm-80mm；Artificial hole tray end face has blind hole, and diameter isDeep 30mm-60mm.
The material of described artificial hole tray is soft open cell foamed plastic, has blind hole at artificial hole tray end face；Described blank cap is the cylinder of material identical with artificial hole tray and blind hole same size, or is the taking-up part in the artificial hole tray blind hole course of processing.
Preferably, described blank cap is the taking-up part in the artificial hole tray blind hole course of processing.
Uptake characters according to facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility state of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix, conventional plants is cultivated eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops particle quantitative by step (3), gradation applies in the blind hole of artificial hole tray.
Preferably, conventional plants cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops granule divides 3～5 times in the blind hole applying each artificial hole tray, is pressed into blank cap.
Described facility cultivation special fertilizer can select the 2-3 kind product in eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops.
In the fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) is dug spacious cave before covering with plastic film after the slow Seedling of plant shoots survival after transplant, is laid drip irrigation zone.
Concrete, step (1) is in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 5-15cm, it is preferable that in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 10cm.
The fertilizing method of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral provided by the invention adopts modern clay fertilizer technology, agronomic technique and water-saving irrigation technique, use conventional plants eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops material granule (compound/complex fertilizer material), replace full aqueous liquid fertilizer comprehensively, drip irrigation clear water in facility eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop time of infertility, pass through water and fertilizer coupling, it is achieved facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral production model.
The artificial hole tray that the fertilizing method of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral provided by the invention adopts is soft, open cell foamed plastic, has water suction and releases water effect.Water absorption course dissolves fertiliser granulates, releases water process release fertilizer nutrient and absorbs for plant, absorbs water, releases water process and hocket, it is achieved fertilizer mode that is interim and that have more meals a day but less food at each.Utilizing the fertilizing method of the present invention, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, fertilizer application frequency is down to 3-5 time from 8-15 time, reached reduce cost put into and fat-reducing, water saving, potentiation effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Following example are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1: greenhouse tomato is planted
(1), after from tomato seedling survival after transplant to slow Seedling, before covering with plastic film, by the Shang Wachang cave, position gone along spacing in the rows direction, from plant root 10cm, it is loaded into artificial hole tray, laying drip irrigation zone.Spacious cave pocket diameterThe deep 60mm in cave.Artificial hole tray diameterHigh 50mm, end face hasThe blind hole of deep 30mm.Artificial hole tray end face and pocket are in approximately the same plane, and drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone, by spacious cave position distribution, is placed on the center of pocket or hole tray, covering with plastic film, and on the position of pocket or hole tray, mulch film are drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
(2) fertilizing method: use conventional solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, weighs through metering, gradation applies in spacious cave in the blind hole of artificial hole tray open cell foamed plastic, press-in blank cap, and is placed on the center of artificial hole tray in drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone.
(3) dose: greenhouse tomato planting density is 2500 plants/acre.Use by the Fructus Lycopersici esculenti time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 40kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-florescence to account for and execute the 30% of nitrogen gross mass, use (18-6-17) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (40 × 30%)/18%=66.7kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (66.7 × 1000)/2500=26.7g；Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute the 30% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (40 × 30%)/17%=70.6kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (70.6 × 1000)/2500=28.2g；Impose nitrogen quantity harvest time to account for and execute the 40% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 2 times, each dose (40 × 40%)/(17% × 2)=47.1kg/ mu, amounts to consumption (47.1 × the 1000)/2500=18.8g that every time often spreads manuer in holes.Greenhouse tomato fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 4 times.
(4) using drip irrigation zone flow is 1.3L/h, and the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
Embodiment 2: cucumber in greenhouse is planted
The breeding cycle of Fructus Cucumidis sativi is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In cucumber in greenhouse is cultivated, bearing fruit to the 1st inflorescence from seedling replanting field planting, be generally about 40d, be generally about 150d from bearing fruit to all gather (also known as uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested), concrete fertilizing method is as follows.
(1), after from cucumber seedling survival after transplant to slow Seedling, before covering with plastic film, by the Shang Wachang cave, position gone along spacing in the rows direction, from plant root 10cm, it is loaded into artificial hole tray, laying drip irrigation zone.Spacious cave pocket diameterThe deep 80mm in cave.Artificial hole tray diameterHigh 60mm, end face hasThe blind hole of deep 40mm.Artificial hole tray end face and pocket are in approximately the same plane, and drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone, by spacious cave position distribution, is placed on the center of pocket or hole tray, covering with plastic film, and on the position of pocket or hole tray, mulch film are drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
(2) fertilizing method: use conventional solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, weighs through metering, gradation applies in spacious cave in the blind hole of artificial hole tray open cell foamed plastic, press-in blank cap, and is placed on the center of artificial hole tray in drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone.
(3) dose: cucumber in greenhouse planting density is 3000 plants/acre.Use by the Fructus Cucumidis sativi time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 50kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-florescence to account for and execute the 20% of nitrogen gross mass, use (18-6-17) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (50 × 20%)/18%=55.6kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (55.6 × 1000)/3000=18.5g；Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute the 20% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, dose (50 × 20%)/17%=58.8kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (58.8 × 1000)/3000=19.6g；Impose nitrogen quantity harvest time to account for and execute the 60% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 3 times, each dose (50 × 60%)/(17% × 3)=58.8kg/ mu, amounts to consumption (58.8 × the 1000)/2500=19.6g that every time often spreads manuer in holes.Cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 5 times.
(4) using drip irrigation zone flow is 1.3L/h, and the drip irrigation time is 4h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
Although, above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, but on basis of the present invention, it is possible to it is made some modifications or improvements, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (4)
1. the fertilizing method of a facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays drip irrigation zone；
(2) artificial hole tray being loaded in spacious cave, hole tray end face is with pocket at grade；
(3) facility eggplant/quantitative gradation of melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops is applied in the blind hole of each artificial hole tray, be pressed into blank cap, and drip irrigation hole, drip irrigation zone is placed on the center of artificial hole tray；
(4) drip irrigation zone flow 1.2-1.4L/h, drip irrigation 3-6h/d, making the ground moistening degree of depth is 30-40cm；
The material of described artificial hole tray is soft open cell foamed plastic, has blind hole at artificial hole tray end face；Described blank cap is the cylinder of material identical with artificial hole tray and blind hole same size, or is the taking-up part in the artificial hole tray blind hole course of processing.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pocket diameter in described spacious cave isThe deep 60mm-90mm in cave.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described artificial hole tray is cylinder, column diameterCylinder height 50mm-80mm；Described artificial hole tray end face has blind hole, and diameter isThe degree of depth is
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: for facility cultivation solanaceous vegetables crop, facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops is divided 3-5 time in the blind hole applying each artificial hole tray by step (3).
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