CN104303668A - Water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method of facility cultivation system - Google Patents
Water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method of facility cultivation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104303668A CN104303668A CN201410575823.7A CN201410575823A CN104303668A CN 104303668 A CN104303668 A CN 104303668A CN 201410575823 A CN201410575823 A CN 201410575823A CN 104303668 A CN104303668 A CN 104303668A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method of a facility cultivation system. The water-fertilizer integrated fertilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps: digging an open hole at the position which is 5-10cm away from the root part of a plant along the row spacing direction according to the row; paving a drip irrigation zone; transplanting an artificial hole tray into the open hole, so that drip holes of the drip irrigation zone are distributed according to the position of the open hole; fertilizing the special fertilizer for protected cultivation into each blind hole of the artificial hole tray by several times, and pressing into a blind hole cover, wherein the flow of the drip irrigation zone is 1.2-1.4L/h; the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d; and the soil moist depth is 30-40cm. According to the fertilizer method provided by the invention, all water-soluble liquid fertilizers can be replaced with a special fertilizer for conventional facility eggplant/melon and fruit vegetable crops; clean water is irrigated into the conventional facility eggplant/melon and fruit vegetable crops in the whole growth period; the water-fertilizer integrated production mode of protected cultivation is achieved by water-fertilizer coupling; as for the eggplant/melon and fruit vegetable crops, the fertilization times is reduced to 3-5 from 8-15; and the effects of reducing cost input, reducing the fertilizer, saving water and increasing the effect are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural, ecotope field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral.
Background technology
In some vegetables planting bases of China, facility cultivation is main production model, and continuous cropping is again a kind of commonplace mode of production.Because long-term continuous cropping and inorganic fertilizer and the excessive of chemical pesticide are used, continuous cropping harm highlights, continuous cropping harm comprise soil fertility and microbial diversity reduction, from toxin accumulation and soil-borne disease, soil acidification etc., the problems such as the decline of vegetable crop yield and quality, environmental pollution can be caused, seriously govern the development of industrialized agriculture.
Due to continuous cropping, cause protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix nutrient imbalance, especially because fertilizer amount is large, N P and K applicating ratio is uneven, fertilizing method is improper, while raising output, improve effects, also cause a series of comparatively serious problem such as non-homogenized, chemical fertilizer utilization ratio decline, economic benefit reduction, eco-environmental quality decline, Product Safety reduction occurring protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix fertility.The Integration of Water into Fertilizer applies fertilizers scientifically to combine closely with reasonable use of water, and clay fertilizer technology, agronomic technique and water-saving irrigation technique being carried out the technology of integrating, is the effective ways solved the problem, and wherein the selection of fertilizer is crucial.
At present, the Integration of Water into Fertilizer, especially supporting drip irrigation technique, requires that fertilizer is entirely water-soluble.But there is following problem in full aqueous liquid fertilizer:
The first, water-fertilizer integral drip irrigation technique is developed so far, and the preparation of liquid fertilizer not only will consider the ratio of various mineral salt, also will consider the kind of mineral salt used.Require that the raw material that use must be water miscible, required various nutritive elements, can not prepare with the less expensive basic chemical fertilizer of agricultural completely, and with the chemical reagent of industrial chemicals and chemical pure level.In raw material selection, in order to make the nutrient content of liquid fertilizer higher, need fertilizer based on preparation ammonium polyphosphate solution, and a large amount of peroxophosphoric acid of the need of production of ammonium polyphosphate, and need to remove as far as possible the impurity wherein hindering liquid fertilizer and produce, therefore raw material selects there is limitation, and some raw material is costly, i.e. Price Bottleneck problem.
The second, the preparation of liquid fertilizer should be able to tolerate the minimum temperature that may run into, in order to avoid produce crystallization and precipitation, causes irrigate band (pipe) or drip hole blocking.
3rd, utilize irrigation water system applicating liquid fertilizer to need certain condition, the more difficult grasp of administrative skill, without professional training or technological guidance, generally cannot grasp, cause the underproduction or more serious production problem, affect the spread of facility cultivation.
4th, there is the lethal characteristics of the imbalance of continuous cropping obstacle, soil or cultivation matrix microflora and secondary salinization in current facility cultivation mode.Empirical, blindness fertilising, especially the excessive of inorganic nitrogeneous fertilizer is used, and make soil or cultivation matrix physicochemical property become bad, the increase of nutrient density in the soil solution, also exacerbates the secondary salinization degree of facility cultivation continuous cropping obstacle.Due to physiological disorder, continuous cropping obstacle and secondary salinization, in vegetables body, nitrate accumulates in a large number, causes facilities vegetable yield and quality to decline.
Can simplified production method in facilities vegetable crop time of infertility, reach that joint is fertile, water saving, reduce labour intensity and just seem particularly important, simultaneously, be badly in need of the fertilizing method of a kind of novel facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral of exploitation, to alleviate a series of comparatively serious problems that current facility cultivation aqueous liquid fertilizer exists.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that concrete employing is following: a kind of fertilizing method of facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, comprises the following steps:
(1) by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays irrigate band;
(2) be loaded in spacious cave by artificial cave dish, artificial cave dish end face and cave, spacious cave mouth are at grade;
(3) facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops is quantitative, gradation applies in the blind hole of each artificial cave dish, press-in blank cap, and is placed in drip irrigation hole, irrigate band on the center of artificial cave dish;
(4) select irrigate band flow to be 1.2-1.4L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3-6h/d, makes ground moistening degree of depth 30-40cm.
The irrigate band adopted in fertilizing method of the present invention is the parts in conventional drip irrigation system.Conventional drip irrigation system comprises hydraulic-pressure regulating valve, water meter, venturi differential pressure formula fertilizer spreading tank, screen cloth or laminated filter and irrigate band etc.
Concrete, the cave mouth diameter in spacious cave described in step (1)
the dark 60mm-90mm in cave.
Concrete, described in step (1), artificial cave dish is cylinder, column diameter
cylinder height 50mm-80mm; Artificial cave dish end face has blind hole, and diameter is
dark 30mm-60mm.
The material of described artificial cave dish is soft open cell foamed plastic, and in artificial cave, dish end face has blind hole; Described blank cap be coil with artificial cave identical material, with the cylinder of blind hole same size, or be the taking-up part that artificial cave coils in blind hole process.
Preferably, described blank cap is the taking-up part in the dish blind hole process of artificial cave.
According to the uptake characters of facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop and the fertility state of protected horticultural vegetable field soil or cultivation matrix, conventional plants is cultivated eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops particle quantitative by step (3), gradation applies in the blind hole of artificial cave dish.
Preferably, conventional plants cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops particle divide apply each artificial cave dish for 3 ~ 5 times blind hole in, press-in blank cap.
Described facility cultivation special fertilizer can select the 2-3 kind product in eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops.
In fertilizing method of the present invention, step (1) is dug spacious cave, is laid irrigate band after plant shoots transplant planting delays seedling before covering with plastic film.
Concrete, step (1) in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 5-15cm, preferably in the Wa Chang cave, position of distance plant root 10cm.
The fertilizing method of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral provided by the invention adopts modern clay fertilizer technology, agronomic technique and water-saving irrigation technique, use conventional plants eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops material particle (compound/mixed fertilizer), the full aqueous liquid fertilizer of comprehensive replacement, drip irrigation clear water in facility eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop time of infertility, by water and fertilizer coupling, realize facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral production model.
The artificial cave dish that the fertilizing method of facility cultivation water-fertilizer integral provided by the invention adopts is soft, open cell foamed plastic, has water suction and releases water effect.Water absorption course dissolves fertiliser granulates, releases water process release fertilizer nutrient and absorbs for plant, absorb water, releases water process and hocket, implementation phase and the fertilizer mode of having more meals a day but less food at each.Utilize fertilizing method of the present invention, for eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable crop, fertilizer application frequency is down to 3-5 time from 8-15 time, reach reduce cost drop into and fat-reducing, water saving, synergy effect.
Embodiment
Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: greenhouse tomato is planted
(1) after from tomato seedling transplant planting to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from plant root 10cm Shang Wachang cave, position, be loaded into artificial cave dish, lay irrigate band.Spacious cave, cave mouth diameter
the dark 60mm in cave.Artificial cave dish diameter
high 50mm, end face has
the blind hole of dark 30mm.Artificial cave dish end face and cave mouth are in same plane, and drip irrigation hole, irrigate band by spacious cave position distribution, and is placed on the center of cave mouth or cave dish, covering with plastic film, and on the position that cave mouth or cave coil, mulch film is drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
(2) fertilizing method: use conventional solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, applies in the blind hole of artificial cave dish open cell foamed plastic in spacious cave through computation weigh, gradation, press-in blank cap, and is placed in drip irrigation hole, irrigate band on the center of artificial cave dish.
(3) fertilizing amount: greenhouse tomato planting density is 2500 plants/acre.Use by the tomato time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 40kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-flowering stage to account for and execute 30% of nitrogen gross mass, use (18-6-17) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, fertilizing amount (40 × 30%)/18%=66.7kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (66.7 × 1000)/2500=26.7g; Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute 30% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, fertilizing amount (40 × 30%)/17%=70.6kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (70.6 × 1000)/2500=28.2g; Impose nitrogen quantity harvest time to account for and execute 40% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 2 times, each fertilizing amount (40 × 40%)/(17% × 2)=47.1kg/ mu, amounts to consumption (47.1 × the 1000)/2500=18.8g that at every turn often spreads manuer in holes.Greenhouse tomato fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 4 times.
(4) use irrigate band flow to be 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 3.5h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
Embodiment 2: cucumber in greenhouse is planted
The breeding cycle of cucumber is roughly divided into germination period, Seedling Stage, initial bloom stage and fruiting period.In cucumber in greenhouse cultivation, bear fruit to the 1st inflorescence from seedling replanting field planting, be generally about 40d, be generally about 150d from bearing fruit to all gather (also known as uprooting plants after their edible portions have been harvested), concrete fertilizing method is as follows.
(1) after from cucumber seedling transplant planting to slow seedling, before covering with plastic film, by row along spacing in the rows direction, apart from plant root 10cm Shang Wachang cave, position, be loaded into artificial cave dish, lay irrigate band.Spacious cave, cave mouth diameter
the dark 80mm in cave.Artificial cave dish diameter
high 60mm, end face has
the blind hole of dark 40mm.Artificial cave dish end face and cave mouth are in same plane, and drip irrigation hole, irrigate band by spacious cave position distribution, and is placed on the center of cave mouth or cave dish, covering with plastic film, and on the position that cave mouth or cave coil, mulch film is drawn hole so that fertilizing operation.
(2) fertilizing method: use conventional solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, applies in the blind hole of artificial cave dish open cell foamed plastic in spacious cave through computation weigh, gradation, press-in blank cap, and is placed in drip irrigation hole, irrigate band on the center of artificial cave dish.
(3) fertilizing amount: cucumber in greenhouse planting density is 3000 plants/acre.Use by the cucumber time of infertility (from seedling replanting field planting to whole results) nitrogen requirement (in N) 50kg/ mu.Impose nitrogen quantity seedling-flowering stage to account for and execute 20% of nitrogen gross mass, use (18-6-17) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, fertilizing amount (50 × 20%)/18%=55.6kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (55.6 × 1000)/3000=18.5g; Bloom-fruiting period imposes nitrogen quantity and accounts for and execute 20% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 1 time, fertilizing amount (50 × 20%)/17%=58.8kg/ mu, amounts to consumption of often spreading manuer in holes (58.8 × 1000)/3000=19.6g; Impose nitrogen quantity harvest time to account for and execute 60% of nitrogen gross mass, use (17-8-20) solanaceous vegetables Special Fertilizers for Various Crops, fertilizer application frequency 3 times, each fertilizing amount (50 × 60%)/(17% × 3)=58.8kg/ mu, amounts to consumption (58.8 × the 1000)/2500=19.6g that at every turn often spreads manuer in holes.Cucumber in greenhouse fertilizer application frequency in the time of infertility 5 times.
(4) use irrigate band flow to be 1.3L/h, the drip irrigation time is 4h/d, and the ground moistening degree of depth is about 40cm.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a fertilizing method for facility cultivation system water-fertilizer integral, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) by row along spacing in the rows direction, distance plant root 5-10cm, digs spacious cave, lays irrigate band;
(2) be loaded in spacious cave by artificial cave dish, cave dish end face and cave mouth are at grade;
(3) facility eggplant/quantitative gradation of melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops is applied in the blind hole of each artificial cave dish, press-in blank cap, and drip irrigation hole, irrigate band is placed on the center of artificial cave dish;
(4) irrigate band flow 1.2-1.4L/h, drip irrigation 3-6h/d, makes the ground moistening degree of depth be 30-40cm.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cave mouth diameter in described spacious cave is
the dark 60mm-90mm in cave.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described artificial cave dish is cylinder, column diameter
cylinder height 50mm-80mm; Described artificial cave dish end face has blind hole, and diameter is
the degree of depth is
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material of described artificial cave dish is soft open cell foamed plastic, and in artificial cave, dish end face has blind hole; Described blank cap be coil with artificial cave identical material, with the cylinder of blind hole same size, or be the taking-up part that artificial cave coils in blind hole process.
5. fertilizing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: for facility cultivation solanaceous vegetables crop, step (3) facility cultivation eggplant/melon-fruit-like vegetable Special Fertilizers for Various Crops is divided apply each artificial cave dish for 3-5 time blind hole in.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104919962A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-23 | 石河子大学 | Fertilizing method of trickle irrigation wheat |
| CN106358644A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 郭强 | Tomato production method and antimicrobial composition |
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| CN101422120A (en) * | 2007-11-03 | 2009-05-06 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method |
| CN101473768A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fertilizing method in condition of drip irrigation for Chinese jujube in mountanious region and sloping field |
| JP2011041503A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Hirata Denki Keiso:Kk | Watering/manuring device |
| CN103518591A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 新疆惠利灌溉科技股份有限公司 | Crop irrigating method and drip irrigation system used by method |
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2014
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101422120A (en) * | 2007-11-03 | 2009-05-06 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Rice direct-seeding drip irrigation under mulch-film dry-farming cultivation method |
| CN101473768A (en) * | 2009-01-19 | 2009-07-08 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fertilizing method in condition of drip irrigation for Chinese jujube in mountanious region and sloping field |
| JP2011041503A (en) * | 2009-08-20 | 2011-03-03 | Hirata Denki Keiso:Kk | Watering/manuring device |
| CN103518591A (en) * | 2013-10-12 | 2014-01-22 | 新疆惠利灌溉科技股份有限公司 | Crop irrigating method and drip irrigation system used by method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104919962A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-09-23 | 石河子大学 | Fertilizing method of trickle irrigation wheat |
| CN106358644A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-02-01 | 郭强 | Tomato production method and antimicrobial composition |
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| CN104303668B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
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