CN104919962A - Fertilizing method of trickle irrigation wheat - Google Patents
Fertilizing method of trickle irrigation wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN104919962A CN104919962A CN201510348962.0A CN201510348962A CN104919962A CN 104919962 A CN104919962 A CN 104919962A CN 201510348962 A CN201510348962 A CN 201510348962A CN 104919962 A CN104919962 A CN 104919962A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilizing, and particularly provides a fertilizing method of trickle irrigation wheat. The fertilizing method of the trickle irrigation wheat comprises the following steps of fertilizer curing: uniformly mixing 300-400kg of straws with the lengths of 3-5cm, 300-400kg of organic fertilizers and 3-4kg of pure nitrogen in per mu of the field 1-2 months before autumn plough and performing coverage curing for 15-25 days to obtain cured fertilizers; preparation of percolate: spraying 100-200 liters of water on the cured fertilizers in per mu of the field every time, sealing the cured fertilizers for 1-2 days, filtering the percolate, collecting and hermetically storing the percolate and repeating the steps three times to five times; blending and storing the percolate; performing autumn plough and applying base fertilizers; and applying of seedling emergence fertilizers and growth period fertilizers in a dripping manner: applying the growth period fertilizers at time intervals of 7-10 days, namely, applying 30-50 liters of the percolate, 1-2kg of pure nitrogen and 0.5-1kg of P2O5 in per mu of the field. By the fertilizing method, the utilization rate of the fertilizers can be improved, soil physical and chemical properties are improved while high and stable yield is ensured, soil is fertilized, and the fertility of the soil is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop fertilization technical field, be specifically related to a kind of fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat.
Background technology
Along with the development of agricultural modernization technology, just there is profound change in Xinjiang region in traditional planting patterns of many field crops.Such as, wheat is as traditional main land for growing field crops dense planting crop, all adopt the pouring modes such as furrow irrigation, flood irrigation to carry out irrigation operation all the time, but having started now large area adopts the water saving mode of drip irrigation to irrigate, drip irrigation not only can improve the utilization ratio of water resource, using water wisely, and obvious effect of increasing production.Drip irrigation has become the main irrigation method that Xinjiang broadacre agriculture is produced now, is the main approach that Agriculture in Xinjiang increases production and improves productivity.
Under condition of drip irrigation, crop adopts the fertilization mode of Fertigation usually, is dissolved in irrigation water by water soluble fertilizer, applies with water drip irrigation.Although this fertilization mode executed with water droplet can significantly improve the availability of fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer can be reduced because of the pollution on the environment such as seepage, volatilization simultaneously, but the weak point of this fertilization mode is, fertilizer drips for a long time to execute and is unfavorable for fertilizing soil, not only can reduce the content of soil with organic matter year by year, also have very large adverse effect to the physicochemical structure of soil, thus cause soil fertility constantly to reduce, the problems such as soil compaction, are unfavorable for the sustainable development of agricultural production.
The fertilizing method of land for growing field crops wheat farming under research drip irrigation part, while improving utilization rate of fertilizer, guaranteeing stable high yield, improves soil physical and chemical property, fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility, particularly important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the embodiment of the present invention is the defect for above-mentioned prior art, provides a kind of fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat, while improving utilization rate of fertilizer, guaranteeing stable high yield, improves soil physical and chemical property, fertilizing soil, increases soil fertility.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes to achieve these goals is:
The invention provides a kind of fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat, comprise the following steps:
Fertilizer slaking: the autumn turns over front 1-2 month, will be ground into stalk 300-400kg/ mu, fertilizer 300-400kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3-4kg/ mu that length is 3-5cm, and mix, and covers slaking 15-25 days, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 1-2 days, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 3-5 time; According to the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer each trickle 100-200 liter;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate, when the land for growing field crops autumn turns over, applies as base manure is disposable;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after spring sowing, execute out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, go out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 30-50 liter/mu, purity nitrogen 2-3kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5-1kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: look soil moisture content needs, every 7-10 days drip irrigation once, while drip irrigation, is dripped and is executed fertilizer breeding time, and each fertilizer breeding time executed that drips comprises: described diffusate 30-50 liter/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1-2kg/ mu, P
2o
50.5-1kg/ mu.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, the temperature of described covering slaking is 15-25 DEG C.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, described covering slaking is with covered rearing with plastic film or uses improving straw mulching.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, in described fertilizer slaking, stalk 350kg/ mu, fertilizer 350kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3.5kg/ mu, sealing slaking 20 days.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, described in go out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 40 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 2.5kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, breeding time, fertilizer comprised: described diffusate 30 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, executing for described is by described diffusate, purity nitrogen and P
2o
5be dissolved in water, apply with dripping irrigation water.
Further, the fertilizing method of aforesaid a kind of drip irrigation wheat, described stalk is one or more in cotton stalk, wheat stalk, maize straw and beet stalk; Described fertilizer is the fertilizer with one or more compostings in chicken manure, sheep excrement and cow dung; Described purity nitrogen is urea, purity nitrogen contained by one or more in liquefied ammonia and ammoniacal liquor.
Compared with existing multiple conventional fertilizer application technology, the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation of the present invention wheat has following beneficial effect:
1, the fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat of the present invention, effectively can increase the grain number per spike of wheat, thus realizes the significantly raising of output;
2, the fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat of the present invention, can reduce soil pH value effectively, and the improvement for salt affected soil has great importance;
3, the fertilizing method of drip irrigation wheat of the present invention, significantly can reduce the unit weight of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, can also improve the content of content of tatal phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil, thus be conducive to fertilizing soil, increase soil fertility, realize sustainable development.
Embodiment
For further setting forth the present invention for the technological means reaching predetermined object and take and effect, following preferred embodiment, to the fertilizing method proposed according to the present invention, is described in detail as follows.In the following description, the not necessarily same embodiment that different " embodiment " or " embodiment " refers to.In addition, special characteristic, structure or feature in one or more embodiment can be combined by any suitable form.
In arid areas such as Xinjiang, execute with water droplet be for a long time unfavorable for fertilizing soil to overcome fertilizer, the content of soil with organic matter can be reduced year by year, very large adverse effect is had to the physicochemical structure of soil, thus cause soil compaction, fertility constantly reduces, be unfavorable for the problems such as the sustainable development of agricultural production, the fertilizing method of the drip irrigation wheat that embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises the following steps:
First be fertilizer slaking.1-2 before ploughing in autumn month is generally start to prepare in annual 8-9 month the fertilizer material needing slaking in Xinjiang region.Chose stalk before this, and be preferably one or more in the modal cotton stalk in Xinjiang, wheat stalk, maize straw or beet stalk, also can gather materials on the spot, use the field crop stalk of other applicable straw-returnings; Be ground into the segment that length is 3-5cm again, be preferably 4cm, be conducive to composting slaking and degenerate with land for growing field crops; The consumption of stalk, controls at every mu of 300-400kg, be preferably 350kg, every mu more than 500kg, uneconomical in cost, transport and practical operation, every mu is less than 300kg, and application effect is not obvious.Select fertilizer again, fertilizer selects the fertilizer of one or more compostings in chicken manure, sheep excrement or cow dung, also can select the fertilizer of other ight soil compostings nearby; The consumption of fertilizer controls at every mu of 300-400kg, be preferably 350kg, every mu more than 500kg, uneconomical in cost, transport and practical operation, every mu is less than 300kg, and application effect is not obvious.Meanwhile, also need to use chemical nitrogen fertilizer, be preferably one or more nitrogenous fertilizer in urea, liquefied ammonia or ammoniacal liquor; The purity nitrogen every mu consumption of chemical nitrogen fertilizer controls at 3-4kg.After fully being mixed by above-mentioned fertilizer material, with covered rearing with plastic film or use improving straw mulching slaking, the temperature covering slaking controls at 15-25 DEG C, and be preferably 20 DEG C, the coverings curing time is 15-25 days, preferably 20 days.Finally obtain slaking fertilizer.Above-mentioned fertilizer material is through mixing slaking, and the organic substance in stalk and fertilizer obtains degenerating slaking, discharges great amount of soluble organic matter.
Next prepares diffusate.Concrete, to above-mentioned slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, according to the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer each trickle 100-200 liter, 150 liters can be preferably; Seal 1-2 days after each trickle, determining Sealing period length depending on temperature height, when temperature is higher, generally when exceeding 20 degree Celsius, salable 1 day, during lower than 15 degree Celsius, needing sealing 2 days; After each sealing terminate, collect this diffusate, and collected diffusate filtered, the object of filtration be prevent in the future drip irrigation time blocking dropper, seal preservation again after filtration.And then carry out trickle next time again after once having collected, obtain each diffusate respectively, and by repeatedly diffusate filters rear mixing, sealing preservation is stand-by; The number of times of gradation trickle is 3-5 time, and 4 times better.Containing the SOM and the nitrogen that are beneficial to Crop utilization in a large number in the above-mentioned diffusate now obtained.
Autumn turns over basal dressing.Remaining slaking fertilizer after preparing diffusate, when the land for growing field crops autumn turns over, according to above-mentioned every mu of consumption, executes into land for growing field crops as disposable evenly the removing of base manure, then ploughs deeply arable land.
Drip and execute out seed manure.After sowing in spring spring, when drip irrigation emerges water, the water droplet of emerging with drip irrigation executes out seed manure, goes out seed manure and comprises: every mu of 30-50 rises diffusate in good time, is preferably 40 liters; Every mu of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied containing purity nitrogen 2-3kg, is preferably every mu of chemical nitrogen fertilizer containing purity nitrogen 2.5kg; Every mu applies containing P
2o
5the soluble phosphoric manure of 0.5kg.With drip irrigation water droplet fertilise, be first by described diffusate, purity nitrogen and P
2o
5be dissolved in water, then drip into soil with dripping irrigation water.
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time.Need depending on soil moisture content, every 7-10 days drip irrigation once, while drip irrigation, is dripped and is executed fertilizer breeding time, and each fertilizer breeding time executed that drips comprises: every mu of 30-50 rises diffusate, is preferably 40 liters; Every mu of chemical nitrogen fertilizer applied containing purity nitrogen 1-2kg, is preferably every mu of chemical nitrogen fertilizer containing purity nitrogen 1kg; Every mu applies containing P
2o
5the soluble phosphoric manure of 0.5-1kg, is preferably every mu of P
2o
5the soluble phosphoric manure of 0.5kg.With drip irrigation water droplet fertilise, be first by described diffusate, purity nitrogen and P
2o
5be dissolved in water, then drip into soil with dripping irrigation water.
The fertilizing method of the drip irrigation wheat of the embodiment of the present invention, effectively can increase the grain number per spike of wheat, thus realizes the significantly raising of output; Effectively can also reduce soil pH value, the improvement for salt affected soil has great importance; And significantly can reduce the unit weight of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, the content of content of tatal phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil can also be improved, thus be conducive to fertilizing soil, increase soil fertility, realize sustainable development.
For further illustrating concrete fertilizing method of the present invention, on the basis of above-mentioned embodiment, reoffering following embodiment, the common operating procedure carefully do not stated in following examples or details, being as the criterion with content disclosed in above-mentioned embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Fertilizer slaking: August 10, cotton stalk 350kg/ mu, chicken manure organic fertilizer 350kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3.5kg/ mu (nitrogenous fertilizer made is urea) that length is 4cm will be ground into, mix, with covered rearing with plastic film slaking 20 days, the daily mean temperature covering slaking is 23 DEG C, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 1 day, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 5 times; According to each trickle of the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer 100 liters;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: when November 10, the autumn turned over, and will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate with the consumption of 700kg/ mu, and imposes on earth's surface, then soil deeptillage as disposable evenly the removing of base manure;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after sowing in spring March 23, second day, namely March 24 executed out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, and goes out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 30 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 1.5kg/ mu and P
2o
50.75kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: afterwards, look soil moisture content needs, general 7-10 days drip irrigation once at every turn, while drip irrigation, drip and execute fertilizer breeding time, drip altogether the time of infertility and execute fertile 8 times of breeding time, the average each breeding time of executing fertile consumption of dripping is: described diffusate 30 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1.5kg/ mu, P
2o
50.75kg/ mu.
More only carry out the conventional drip irrigation fertilising of drip irrigation Fertigation, the volume increase of the present embodiment reaches 30%, effectively improve the cation exchange capacity of soil, significantly reduce the bulk density of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, reduce soil pH value, the available nutrient of soil and Total Nutrient have better raising, and important meaning is played in the improvement for soil.
Embodiment 2
Fertilizer slaking: August 1, wheat stalk 300kg/ mu, sheep excrement fertilizer 300kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3.0kg/ mu (nitrogenous fertilizer made is urea) that length is 3cm will be ground into, mix, with covered rearing with plastic film slaking 15 days, the daily mean temperature covering slaking is 25 DEG C, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 1 day, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 4 times; According to each trickle of the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer 150 liters;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: when November 5, the autumn turned over, and will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate with the consumption of 600kg/ mu, and imposes on earth's surface, then soil deeptillage as disposable evenly the removing of base manure;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after sowing in spring March 25, second day, namely March 26 executed out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, and goes out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 40 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 1.0kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: afterwards, look soil moisture content needs, general 7-10 days drip irrigation once at every turn, while drip irrigation, drip and execute fertilizer breeding time, drip altogether the time of infertility and execute fertile 9 times of breeding time, the average each breeding time of executing fertile consumption of dripping is: described diffusate 40 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1.0kg/ mu, P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
More only carry out the conventional drip irrigation fertilising of drip irrigation Fertigation, the volume increase of the present embodiment reaches 25%, effectively improve the cation exchange capacity of soil, significantly reduce the bulk density of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, reduce soil pH value, the available nutrient of soil and Total Nutrient have better raising, and important meaning is played in the improvement for soil.
Embodiment 3
Fertilizer slaking: August 20, wheat stalk 400kg/ mu, cow dung fertilizer 400kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3.0kg/ mu (nitrogenous fertilizer made is liquefied ammonia) that length is 5cm will be ground into, mix, with Wheat stalk-covering slaking 25 days, the daily mean temperature covering slaking is 20 DEG C, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 2 days, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 5 times; According to each trickle of the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer 200 liters;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: when November 15, the autumn turned over, and will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate with the consumption of 800kg/ mu, and imposes on earth's surface, then soil deeptillage as disposable evenly the removing of base manure;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after sowing in spring March 25, second day, namely March 26 executed out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, and goes out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 50 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 2.0kg/ mu and P
2o
51.0kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: afterwards, look soil moisture content needs, general 7-10 days drip irrigation once at every turn, while drip irrigation, drip and execute fertilizer breeding time, drip altogether the time of infertility and execute fertile 9 times of breeding time, the average each breeding time of executing fertile consumption of dripping is: described diffusate 50 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1.5kg/ mu, P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
More only carry out the conventional drip irrigation fertilising of drip irrigation Fertigation, the volume increase of the present embodiment reaches 33%, effectively improve the cation exchange capacity of soil, significantly reduce the bulk density of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, reduce soil pH value, the available nutrient of soil and Total Nutrient have better raising, and important meaning is played in the improvement for soil.
Embodiment 4
Fertilizer slaking: August 15, tomato stalk and cotton stalk 300kg/ mu, chicken manure organic fertilizer and cow dung fertilizer 400kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 2.0kg/ mu (nitrogenous fertilizer made is ammoniacal liquor) altogether that length is 4cm will be ground into, mix, with maize straw residue mulching slaking 25 days, the daily mean temperature covering slaking is 22 DEG C, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 2 days, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 5 times; According to each trickle of the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer 130 liters;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: when November 15, the autumn turned over, and will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate with the consumption of 700kg/ mu, and imposes on earth's surface, then soil deeptillage as disposable evenly the removing of base manure;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after sowing in spring March 25, second day, namely March 26 executed out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, and goes out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 40 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 2.0kg/ mu and P
2o
51.5kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: afterwards, look soil moisture content needs, general 7-10 days drip irrigation once at every turn, while drip irrigation, drip and execute fertilizer breeding time, drip altogether the time of infertility and execute fertile 9 times of breeding time, the average each breeding time of executing fertile consumption of dripping is: described diffusate 35 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1.2kg/ mu, P
2o
50.6kg/ mu.
More only carry out the conventional drip irrigation fertilising of drip irrigation Fertigation, the volume increase of the present embodiment reaches 30%, effectively improve the cation exchange capacity of soil, significantly reduce the bulk density of soil, significantly improve the soil organic matter, reduce soil pH value, the available nutrient of soil and Total Nutrient have better raising, and important meaning is played in the improvement for soil.
The concrete fertilizing method only carrying out the conventional drip irrigation fertilising of drip irrigation Fertigation in above embodiment is: every mu of basal dressing pure N3.5kg when the autumn turns over; Go out seed manure to drip and execute pure N2.5kg, P
2o
50.75kg, depending on soil moisture content when drip irrigation, with water droplet execute 8 times breeding time fertilizer, every mu drips and executes N1.5kg, P at every turn
2o
50.75kg.
Above embodiment only in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, is not intended to limit; Although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that: it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
In order to further illustrate the beneficial effect of the fertilizing method of the drip irrigation wheat of the embodiment of the present invention, the invention provides the comparative trial in field, test details and result of the test as follows:
1.1 test region overviews: test region is located at experiment station of agricultural college of university of Shihezi of Xinjiang to carry out.This area belongs to arid and semi-arid continental climate district, typical subtropics, average temperature of the whole year 6.5 DEG C, average annual rainfall 211mm.Test region soil types is Irrigation Cultivation Grey Desert Soil, and quality is loam.Collection soil depth is 0 ~ 40cm.Soil through air-dry, grind, cross 2mm sieve after for subsequent use.Physiochemical properties of soil is as follows: organic 13.35g/kg, available phosphorus 7.62mg/kg, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen 55.89mg/kg, and soil pH is 7.88.
(be convenience of calculation, following consumption is all with hectare (hm for 1.2 experimental scheme
-2) be unit calculating)
8 different process are established in this test:
Process 1 (CK): contrast of not applying fertilizer.
Process 2 (NP): conventional fertilizer application contrasts.
Namely conventional fertilizer application is drip according to per hectare to execute pure N225kg, P
2o
5total consumption fertilising of 75kg; Concrete fertilizing method is: per hectare basal dressing pure N52.5kg when the autumn turns over; Go out seed manure to drip and execute pure N37.5kg, P
2o
57.5kg, depending on soil moisture content when drip irrigation, with water droplet execute 9 times breeding time fertilizer, each per hectare is dripped and is executed N15kg, P
2o
57.5kg.
Process 3 (NP+S200): conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning 3000kg/ hectare.
The consumption of conventional fertilizer application is identical with process 2 with method, and straw-returning 3000kg/ hectare refers to the consumption using 3000kg straw according to per hectare, straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, then evenly removes when the autumn turns over and ploughs and field behind land for growing field crops.
Process 4 (NP+S400): conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning 6000kg/ hectare.
The consumption of conventional fertilizer application is identical with process 2 with method, and straw-returning 6000kg/ hectare refers to the consumption using 6000kg straw according to per hectare, straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, then evenly removes when the autumn turns over and ploughs and field behind land for growing field crops.
Process 5 (NP+M400): conventional fertilizer application+fertilizer 6000kg/ hectare.
The consumption of conventional fertilizer application is identical with process 2 with method, and fertilizer 6000kg/ hectare refers to uses the consumption of 6000kg by the fertilizer of sheep dunghill system according to per hectare; Evenly remove when the autumn turns over and plough and field behind land for growing field crops.
Process 6 (NP+S400+M400): conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning 6000kg+ fertilizer 6000kg/ hectare.
The consumption of conventional fertilizer application is identical with process 2 with method; Straw-returning 6000kg/ hectare refers to the consumption using 6000kg straw according to per hectare, straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, then evenly removes when the autumn turns over and ploughs and field behind land for growing field crops; Fertilizer 6000kg/ hectare refers to uses the consumption of 6000kg by the fertilizer of sheep dunghill system according to per hectare, evenly removes plough behind land for growing field crops when the autumn turns over.
Process 7 (NP+S400+CF50): conventional fertilizer application+straw-returning 6000kg+ composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 750kg/ hectare.
The consumption of conventional fertilizer application is identical with process 2 with method; Straw-returning 6000kg/ hectare refers to the consumption using 6000kg straw according to per hectare, straw is ground into the segment of 4cm, then evenly removes when the autumn turns over and ploughs and field behind land for growing field crops; Composite organic-inorganic fertilizer 750kg/ hectare, refers to that common composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is sold in market, uses the consumption of this composite organic-inorganic fertilizer of 750kg with per hectare, evenly removes plough behind land for growing field crops when the autumn turns over.
Process 8 (according to fertilizing method fertilising of the present invention).
Specific practice is:
Carry out fertilizer slaking: i.e. before the autumn turns over 1-2 month (this test started to carry out composting August 25 and covers slaking), straw is ground into the stalk that length is 4cm, the amount being 5250kg with per hectare consumption, use with per hectare the fertilizer 5250kg of sheep dunghill system amount, with the amount of per hectare purity nitrogen 52.5kg, mix, cover slaking 20 days, obtain slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: after slaking fertilizer is drenched 2500 premium on currency by per hectare consumption at every turn, seal 2 days, leach diffusate and collect sealing and preserve; Trickle, sealing, collection diffusate are also sealed the operation of preserving, repeats 4 times; Described diffusate mixing is preserved stand-by;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate, and when the land for growing field crops autumn turns over, the consumption determined according to above-mentioned per hectare, by filtering the slaking fertilizer of diffusate, applies as base manure is disposable;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after spring sowing, execute out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, go out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 600 liters/hectare, purity nitrogen 37.5kg/ hectare, P
2o
57.5kg/ hectare;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: while needing drip irrigation depending on soil moisture content, drip execute 9 times breeding time fertilizer, each fertilizer breeding time executed that drips comprises: described diffusate 600 liters/hectare, droplet execute purity nitrogen 15kg/ hectare, P
2o
57.5kg/ hectare.
Each process repetition 3 times, the wide 2.4m in each community, long 6m, adopt the group arrangement of random district, design quantity is all scaled the consumption of per hectare, refers to table 1 plan design.
Table 1 plan design
1.3 soil treatment and crop management
Experimental field adopt traditional rotovator to turn in the fall, sow advance pedestrian work spring and plough.Irrigation method is drip irrigation, and long-term cropping is 6 days the new year.Spring wheat was sowed on March 26th, 2013, and July 15 gathered in the crops.
1.4 samplings and process
1.4.1, after soil nutrient content mensuration harvesting wheat (on July 15th, 2013), take 0 ~ 20cm and 20 ~ 40cm soil layer soil sample respectively, 5 sampling points are taked in each community.Measure the soil organic matter, full nitrogen and full phosphorus and adopt potassium bichromate titrimetric method-Outside Heating Method, semimicro-Kjeldahl method and NaOH melting molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method successively; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and effective phosphorus yield adopt alkaline hydrolysis diffusion process and sodium bicarbonate extraction respectively.
1.4.2 after wheat yield forms wheat maturation, each community is chosen and represented sampling point, gets 20 strain wheats and 1m × 1m sample prescription continuously, carry out species test respectively and measure wheat number of productive ear, artificial threshing, seed is air-dry, and moisture controls about 10%, measures wheat yield.
1.5 effect analysis
This experimental study straw-returning and fertilizer are joined the fertility executed soil and are promoted effect, and as can be seen from Table 2, each fertilizer treatment has been significantly increased Spring Wheat Grain output.The output of process of the present invention is the highest, reaches 8275kg/ hectare, and exceeded 2415kg/ hectare than contrast, growth rate is up to 41.21%.The grain yield of NP+S400 process takes second place, volume increase 2313kg/ hectare, and other process growth rates are on average greater than 30%.The Components of Wheat Yield that comparative analysis respectively processes, each fertilizer treatment all adds the grain number per spike of wheat, but to increase thousand kernel weight and number of productive ear DeGrain, and the grain number per spike of process of the present invention increases by 51.5% respectively than contrast, and the increase of thousand kernel weight is also best compared with other process.
Table 2 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact of the Yield and its components factor executed spring wheat
Can be drawn by the data of analytical table 3, in each soil layer, each stalk fertilizer treatment all significantly increases the cation exchange capacity of soil.No matter be in 0 ~ 20cm, or in 20 ~ 40cm soil layer, the impact of process of the present invention on the cation exchange capacity of soil and pH value is all obvious.This shows, the fertilizing method of process of the present invention effectively can improve the cation exchange capacity of soil, and reduce soil pH value, important meaning is played in the improvement for soil.
Table 3 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed Cation Exchange Capacity in Soils and pH
On the whole, the different soil unit weight of each process soil all has decline (see table 4) in various degree.And the bulk density of soil of process of the present invention declines the most obvious.Can find out, the fertilizing method of process of the present invention can reduce the unit weight of soil.
Table 4 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed the bulk density of soil
Comparative analysis straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed the soil organic matter, and as can be seen from Table 5, each fertilizer treatment all can improve the content of organic matter of soil preferably.And the fertilizing method of process of the present invention is maximum to content of organic matter increase rate.
Table 5 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed the soil organic matter
As can be seen from Table 6, the feature alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of different soil being had to increase is respectively processed.And the fertilizing method of process of the present invention to soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen content increase rate maximum.
Table 6 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and full nitrogen
By data process&analysis, as can be seen from Table 7, the content of tatal phosphorus of each fertilizer treatment to different soil has the effect of increase.Illustrate that straw-returning has fertilizer to join and executes the full phosphorus and available phosphorus contents that can improve soil.The amplification of process of the present invention is the highest.
Table 7 straw-returning and fertilizer join the impact executed total Phosphorus In Soil and rapid available phosphorus
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a fertilizing method for drip irrigation wheat, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Fertilizer slaking: the autumn turns over front 1-2 month, will be ground into stalk 300-400kg/ mu, fertilizer 300-400kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3-4kg/ mu that length is 3-5cm, and mix, and covers slaking 15-25 days, obtains slaking fertilizer;
Prepare diffusate: to slaking fertilizer gradation trickle, after each trickle, seal 1-2 days, after each sealing terminates, collect this diffusate, and seal preservation after filtration; And then carry out trickle next time, obtain each diffusate respectively, will repeatedly the rear sealing of diffusate mixing preserve stand-by; The number of times of described gradation trickle is 3-5 time; According to the consumption of every mu, slaking fertilizer each trickle 100-200 liter;
Autumn turns over basal dressing: will prepare the slaking fertilizer after diffusate, when the land for growing field crops autumn turns over, applies as base manure is disposable;
Drip and execute out seed manure: after spring sowing, execute out seed manure with drip irrigation water droplet of emerging, go out seed manure and comprise: described diffusate 30-50 liter/mu, purity nitrogen 2-3kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5-1kg/ mu;
Drip and execute fertilizer breeding time: look soil moisture content needs, every 7-10 days drip irrigation once, while drip irrigation, is dripped and is executed fertilizer breeding time, and each fertilizer breeding time executed that drips comprises: described diffusate 30-50 liter/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1-2kg/ mu, P
2o
50.5-1kg/ mu.
2. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
The temperature of described covering slaking is 15-25 DEG C.
3. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described covering slaking is with covered rearing with plastic film or uses improving straw mulching.
4. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
In described fertilizer slaking, stalk 350kg/ mu, fertilizer 350kg/ mu and purity nitrogen 3.5kg/ mu, sealing slaking 20 days.
5. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described go out seed manure comprise: described diffusate 40 liters/mu, purity nitrogen 2.5kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
6. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Breeding time, fertilizer comprised: described diffusate 30 liters/mu, droplet execute purity nitrogen 1kg/ mu and P
2o
50.5kg/ mu.
7. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Executing for described is by described diffusate, purity nitrogen and P
2o
5be dissolved in water, apply with dripping irrigation water.
8. the fertilizing method of a kind of drip irrigation wheat according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described stalk is one or more in cotton stalk, wheat stalk, maize straw and tomato stalk; Described fertilizer is the fertilizer with one or more compostings in chicken manure, sheep excrement and cow dung; Described purity nitrogen is urea, purity nitrogen contained by one or more in liquefied ammonia and ammoniacal liquor.
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| CN105191636A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-30 | 石河子大学 | Northern Xinjiang drop irrigation spring wheat planting method |
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