CN108990728A - A kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique - Google Patents
A kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990728A CN108990728A CN201810949346.4A CN201810949346A CN108990728A CN 108990728 A CN108990728 A CN 108990728A CN 201810949346 A CN201810949346 A CN 201810949346A CN 108990728 A CN108990728 A CN 108990728A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery techniques, include the following steps: 1.1, selection breeding；1.2, site preparation；1.3, base manure is used sufficient；1.4, it begins sowing in good time；1.5, field management；1.6, it harvests in due course；1.7, cleaning removes the root root and stem of certain plants；1.8, cadmium is recycled.Beneficial effect is: 1, being repaired heavy Cd contamination arable land with using organically combining by surrogate outcomes, improve the utilization rate of cultivated land resource, increase farmers' income, achieved the purpose that administer and repair, using neglecting neither；2, sugar grass biomass is big, and the sugar grass plantation harvest yield of selection is high, removes drop cadmium significant effect；3, by sugar grass seed and fuel ethanol produced by straw, the root root and stem of certain plants produces biomass carbon, and the cadmium taken out of is recycled, and avoids secondary pollution, it is more preferable that repairing effect is administered in cadmium pollution.
Description
Technical field
It ploughs the present invention relates to heavy metal pollution and administers recovery technique field, it is high more particularly to a kind of cadmium pollution arable land sweet tea
Fine strain of millet surrogate outcomes recovery technique.
Background technique
Heavy metal pollution of ploughing is the soil pollution due to caused by heavy metal excess deposition in the soil in waste.It is dirty
The heavy metal for contaminating arable soil mainly includes the significant element of the bio-toxicities such as mercury, cadmium, lead, chromium and metalloid arsenic, and has one
Determine the elements such as the zinc, copper, nickel of toxicity.Mainly from debris, pesticide, waste water, sludge and atmospheric sedimentation etc..According to China
The Heavy Metal Pollution In Cultivated Land data analysis of 138 representative regions, heavy metal pollution of soil probability are 16.67% or so；Weight
In metal contamination level, cleaning, still cleaning, light pollution, middle pollution, heavily contaminated specific gravity are respectively 68.12%, 15.22%,
14.49%, 1.45%, 0.72%；In 8 kinds of effect of fertilizer, cadmium pollution probability is 25.20%, several far more than other
Effect of fertilizer；In addition, there are also regions, and nickel, mercury, arsenic and lead soil pollution occurs, but zinc, chromium and copper are sent out
The probability of raw pollution is smaller；Liaoning, Hebei, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Shanxi, Hunan, Henan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Chongqing, Xinjiang,
Sichuan and 14, Guangxi provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions may be the hotspots of China's arable land heavy metal pollution.Heavy metal pollution arable land
It constitutes a serious threat to agricultural product quality and human health.It can be seen that heavy metal pollution arable land repairing and treating is China's high standard
One important measures of quasi- farmland construction, and realize an important measure of rural strategy to revitalize.
In heavy-metal contaminated soil, with cadmium pollution maximum probability, cadmium influences the yield and quality of agricultural product, while to people
Class health produces serious influence.Into human body cadmium main accumulation in liver, kidney, pancreas, thyroid gland and bone.Make human body device
Lesion occurs for official rank, and influences the normal activity of people.Soft anaemia, hypertension, neuralgia, sclerotin, ephritis and secretion is caused to lose
The illnesss such as tune.As Japan " itai-itai " public hazard incident that twentieth century occurs be exactly because river by sewage pollution containing cadmium after,
River water, rice, the cadmium of enriched makes these cadmiums enter human body and accumulates then further through food chain in fishes and shrimps.Patient's bone
Matter is loose, bone atrophy, arthralgia, and morbid state is very wretched.
Currently, countries in the world mainly include physics, chemistry, biology, agricultural to farmland soil heavy metals pollution remediation technology
Ecology and combined remediation technology etc..Energy consumption is high for physics, chemical remediation technology, investment is high, limitation is more, and it is tight to be only applicable to small area
The reparation of heavily contaminated soil.The skills such as biology, Agro-ecology and joint reparation can only be passed through to the heavy metal pollution arable land of large area
Art carries out repairing and treating.It is one using restoring cadmium polluted plough of sugar grass surrogate outcomes and had not only improved arable land and productivity effect but also repair cadmium
Pollute the effective measures in arable land.Sugar grass has biological yield height, suction cadmium ability strong, of less demanding to fertility, and growth is rapid, sugar
The advantages that dividing accumulation fast.Its cauline leaf is fresh to be produced up to 3-6 tons/mu, and grain yield can also reach 200-300kg/ mus, and (high is reachable
400kg/ mus or more).Stalk succulence, is rich in sugar, and brix can produce l tons up to 10%-20%, 12-16 tons of sweet sorghum stalks
The ethyl alcohol that alcoholic strength is 95%.Carry out cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes reparation, and couple with Biological Energy Industry, by sweet tea
Sorghum makees ethanol production materials and carries out concentrated processing processing, and waste residue, Waste Water Centralized recycle cadmium, avoid second of pollution, to cadmium dirt
Dye arable land repairing effect is more satisfactory.The present invention proposes a kind of sugar grass surrogate outcomes removal reparation skill for cadmium pollution arable land
Art.
Application No. is the Chinese patents of CN105149337A, and the invention discloses a kind of heavy metal cadmium arable soils to repair
Multiple method, comprising the following steps: 1, the water-filling into the arable land by cadmium pollution；2, compound is added into arable land with reparation medicament water
Solution is reacted, and reaction water is obtained；3, stirring is turned over；4, it turns over rear static；5, reaction water is drawn into flocculating setting processing again；
6, compound is sent out with soil conditioner.
Above-mentioned patent is there are operational sequence complexity, and difficulty of construction is larger, and rehabilitation cost is higher, and later maintenance difficulty is high, money
The problems such as source utilization rate is insufficient, therefore we need to be further improved on the basis of existing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes restorative procedures, pass through kind of a plant and biology
The sugar grass that amount is big, sugar content is high, cadmium ability is strong removes Cadmium in Soil, recycling, repairs solving cadmium pollution arable land
The problem of with utilizing, while farmland ecological environment is also improved, has reached cadmium pollution arable land and repaired, utilize the dual of progress simultaneously
Effect.
The present invention through the following technical solutions to achieve the above objectives:
A kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique, includes the following steps:
1.1, it selects breeding: selecting the sugar grass kind that the ripe phase is suitable for, yielding ability is good, enriching heavy metal ability is strong, generally
Sugar grass kind of the breeding time at 90-150 days is selected, sowing quantity: 0.5kg/ mus of the kind in crop field of general culturing and transplanting seedlings is artificial straight
Broadcast 1kg/ mus of crop field kind；Mechanical fine sowing is with 0.4-0.5kg/ mus of kind；
1.2, site preparation: winter-fallowed paddy field winter, which ploughs deeply to plough, freezes base, and general depth is 15-20cm, and non-irrigated soil can be turned over prior to seeding,
Ploughed depth is 20-30cm, divides compartment by the wide 3m in compartment, carries out fine site preparation, and soil wants smooth, holds successfully and encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch, with
Benefit draining；
1.3, use sufficient base manure: while site preparation, compound fertilizer 50kg/ mus for applying 40% makees base manure, if any farmyard manure or
Barnyard manure can then be affixed by 750-1000kg/ mus；
1.4, it begins sowing in good time:
1.4.1, sowing time；South is sowed in spring, and sowing at the beginning of late March -4 months, accumulation regenerates the appropriate early sowing of sorghum, is guaranteed again
Raw sorghum can ear flowering before September 20th, in -6 months late Aprils of summer sowing, last ten-days period sowing, northern summer sowing, on preferably by the end of April-May
Ten days sowing；
1.4.2, seeding method:
Culturing and transplanting seedlings；Seedbed area and crop field ratio are 1:10, apply urea 5kg per acre in conjunction with whole soil, using film heat preservation of digging earth with the snout
Nursery；
Live streaming；By planting density, line-spacing 40-55cm, spacing in the rows 17-27cm keep a full stand of seedings 5000 plants/acre, hold seed furrow successfully；
It is spare to turn over leveling for first 3 days in sowing for both the above seeding method；Soil is watered when sowing and is impregnated with, is broadcast
Rear cover kind, lid kind object dry and comfortable native country or farmyard manure fine crushing, thickness of earth covering 1-2cm are advisable with not revealing seed；
1.5, field management:
1.5.1, thinning final singling；Be broadcast live -3 leaf of 2 leaf of sugar grass during seedling, -5 leaf phase final singling of 4 leaf, culturing and transplanting seedlings 4.5
It is transplanted in time when -5.5 leaf of leaf；
1.5.2, tillage and weeding；Sugar grass, which is broadcast live, combines final singling to carry out first time tillage and weeding；After transplanting the sugar grass root and stem of certain plants living
First time tillage and weeding carries out second of deep tillage and weeding before jointing, and the jointing stage to heading early period completes third time cultivation and banking；
1.5.3, water management；Work of draining flooded fields of taking precautions against drought is carried out in time, if rainfall is excessive, is drained flooded fields in time, it is raw in sugar grass
In growth process, holding encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch without ponding, seedling stage to heading stage, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 75%
When, appropriate in time to irrigate, heading to maturity period is poured water in right amount in time when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 70%；
1.5.4, top dressing；Final singling and after transplanting the root and stem of certain plants living, is intertilled in conjunction with first time, imposes 10-15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage,
Weaker to growing way imposes 2.5-3kg/ mus of urea, and all fertilisings should must be fully completed before 12 leaves；
1.5.5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1.5.5.1, pest control；Prevent that the method that eliminates aphis is with active constituent content per acre when aphid occurs in spot film
The mixed solution that 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 24g converts 45kg water sprays.Mythimna separata, corn borer method are prevented and treated, is prevented and treated 3 times,
For the first time in the 4 leaf phase of sugar grass, for the second time in the jointing stage, third time is prevented and treated before flowering, and each dosing is used per acre
15ml Rynaxypyr (active constituent content 200g/L) suspending agent is watered 45kg and sprays；Or it is outstanding with 5% " Frontline " per acre
Floating agent 30-40ml, is watered 45kg and sprays；Or be watered 50-60kg with 20% " Hostathion " missible oil 75-100ml per acre and sprayed, or
Per acre with 2% " emamectin benzoate " 40~60mL of emulsion, it is watered 45kg and sprays；
1.5.5.2, disease control；It is prevented and treated in sugar grass 8-9 leaf phase or early stage, purple spot, generally uses " Dai Sen per acre
80% wettable powder 150-175g of MnZn ", is configured to 400-700 times of liquid and prevents and treats by spraying；Or 25% Fu Liku aqueous emulsion 12-
18ml is configured to 2500-3000 times of liquid and sprays, banded sclerotial blight, is generally watered per acre with 8% " jinggangmeisu " aqua 80-90ml
45kg is prevented and treated by spraying；
1.6, it harvests in due course:
What stalk and seed need to be utilized respectively, it can harvest in 80% tassel maturation, if need to only utilize stalk, be in the milk
After can harvest, harvest too early, will affect inhale cadmium effect, quality and yield；Too late, plant nutrition is easily lost and reduces quality；
1.7, cleaning removes the root root and stem of certain plants: aerial part is all after harvest, ploughs deeply cultivated, all sugar grass root root and stem of certain plants are all removed,
It collects；
1.8, cadmium is recycled: sending bioenergy process plants alcohol fuel or carbonization to manufacture sweet sorghum stalk seed
Biomass carbon, the root root and stem of certain plants collect carbonization manufacture biomass carbon, and waste residue, waste liquid carry out cadmium recovery processing.
Preferably, the sugar grass kind in the step 1.1 is section's sweet tea 1, section's sweet tea 3, section's sweet tea 11 and section's sweet tea 30
One or more of.
Preferably, ditch and waist furrow width 40-50cm, deep 30-35cm are enclosed in the step 1.2；Compartment furrow width 35-40cm is deep
20-30cm。
Preferably, the constituent content proportion of the compound fertilizer in the step 1.3 is (N:P:K=20:8:12).
Preferably, the spring sowing seedling age phase in the step 1.4.1 is 25 days, and the summer sowing seedling age phase is 20 days.
Preferably, the color of mulch is white in the culturing and transplanting seedlings in the step 1.4.2.
Preferably, trench depth 3-5cm is sowed in the live streaming in the step 1.4.2.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, heavy Cd contamination arable land is repaired with using organically combining by surrogate outcomes, improves the utilization of cultivated land resource
Rate is increased farmers' income, and is achieved the purpose that administer and be repaired, using neglecting neither；
2, sugar grass biomass is big, and the sugar grass plantation harvest yield of selection is high, removes drop cadmium significant effect；
3, by sorghum saccharatum seed and fuel ethanol produced by straw, the root root and stem of certain plants produces biomass carbon, and the cadmium taken out of carries out at recycling
Reason avoids secondary pollution, and it is more preferable that repairing effect is administered in cadmium pollution.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment one:
A kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique, includes the following steps:
1.1, select breeding: sugar grass kind is section's sweet tea 1,125 days breeding times, and crop field is with kinds 1kg/ mus；
1.2, site preparation: experimental plot, which was ploughed deeply to plough in winter the previous year, freezes base, and ploughed depth 15-20cm is pressed April 3 next year
Compartment wide 3m divide compartment, carries out fine leveling earth, Kai Weigou, Yao Gou, compartment ditch；
1.3, use sufficient base manure: while site preparation, 50kg/ mus of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:12) for applying 40% makees base
Fertilizer；
1.4, sow: sowing on April 8 opens seed furrow live streaming, sows trench depth 3-5cm, planting density, line-spacing 40cm-
55cm, spacing in the rows 17cm-27cm keep a full stand of seedings 5000 plants/acre, broadcast rear cover kind, lid kind object dry and comfortable native country fine crushing, thickness of earth covering 1-
2cm is advisable with not revealing seed；
1.5, field management:
1.5.1, thinning final singling: seedling during -3 leaf of 2 leaf, -5 leaf phase final singling of 4 leaf carry out intertillage for the first time in conjunction with final singling and remove
Grass carries out second of deep tillage and weeding before jointing, and the jointing stage to heading early period completes third time cultivation and banking:
1.5.2, water management: carrying out work of draining flooded fields of taking precautions against drought in time, if rainfall is excessive, drains flooded fields in time, raw in sugar grass
In growth process, holding encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch without ponding, seedling stage to heading stage, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 75%
When, appropriate in time to irrigate, heading to maturity period is poured water in right amount in time when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 70%；
1.5.3, top dressing: after the final singling root and stem of certain plants living, intertilled in conjunction with first time, impose 10-15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage, to growing way
Weaker imposes 2.5-3kg/ mus of urea, but all fertilising work, must be fully completed before 12 leaves；
1.5.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1.5.5.1, pest control；Prevent that the method that eliminates aphis is with active constituent content per acre when aphid occurs in spot film
The mixed solution that 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 24g converts 45kg water sprays.Mythimna separata, corn borer method are prevented and treated, is prevented and treated 3 times,
For the first time in the 4 leaf phase of sugar grass, for the second time in the jointing stage, third time is prevented and treated before flowering, and each dosing is used per acre
15ml Rynaxypyr (active constituent content 200g/L) suspending agent is watered 45kg and sprays；
1.5.5.2, disease control；It is prevented and treated in sugar grass 8-9 leaf phase and early stage, purple spot, per acre with 25% rich power
Library aqueous emulsion 12-18ml is configured to 2500-3000 times of liquid and sprays, banded sclerotial blight, per acre with 8% " jinggangmeisu " aqua 80-
90ml is watered 45kg and prevents and treats by spraying；
1.6, in due course harvest；In 80% tassel maturation of sugar grass, fine day harvesting and stalk and seed are robbed；
1.7, the root root and stem of certain plants is removed；Aerial part is all after harvest, ploughs deeply cultivated, and all sugar grass root root and stem of certain plants are all removed, are collected；
1.8, processing recycling；Cadmium recovery processing: sending sweet sorghum stalk seed to bioenergy process plants alcohol fuel,
The root root and stem of certain plants collects carbonization manufacture biomass carbon, and waste residue, waste liquid carry out cadmium recovery processing.
In the present embodiment, ditch and waist furrow width 40cm, deep 30cm are enclosed in the step 1.2；Compartment furrow width 35cm, deep 20cm.
In the present embodiment, the constituent content proportion of the compound fertilizer in the step 1.3 is (N:P:K=20:8:12).
In the present embodiment, the spring sowing seedling age phase in the step 1.4.1 is 25 days, and the summer sowing seedling age phase is 20 days.
In the present embodiment, the color of mulch is white in the culturing and transplanting seedlings in the step 1.4.2.
It is 3cm that trench depth is sowed in the present embodiment, in the live streaming in the step 1.4.2.
Test result: 297.5kg/ mus of sugar grass dry matter seed of harvest, 1287.8kg/ mus of cauline leaf, 366kg/ mus of root system,
Cadmium content is respectively 0.076mg/kg, 5.508mg/kg, 12.81mg/kg, and removing Cadmium in Soil is respectively 0.02g/ mus, 7.09g/
Mu, 4.69g/ mus remove cadmium 11.80g/ mus altogether.The total cadmium content of soil is 2.225mg/kg before testing, and the total cadmium of soil contains after test
Amount is 2.141mg/kg, and the total cadmium content of soil reduces by 3.78%；
Embodiment two:
A kind of cadmium pollution arable land sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique, includes the following steps:
1.1, choose seeds: selection section sweet tea 3, breeding time 130 days, crop field was with 1kg/ mus of kind；
1.2, site preparation: experimental plot, which was ploughed deeply to plough in winter the previous year, freezes base, and ploughed depth 15-20cm is pressed April 1 next year
Compartment wide 3m divide compartment, carries out fine leveling earth, Kai Weigou, Yao Gou, compartment ditch, benefit for draining；
1.3, basal dressing: while site preparation, 50kg/ mus of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:12) for applying 40% makees base manure
1.4, sow: sowing on April 5 opens seed furrow live streaming, sows trench depth 3-5cm, planting density, line-spacing 40cm-
55cm, spacing in the rows 17cm-27cm keep a full stand of seedings 5000 plants/acre, broadcast rear cover kind, lid kind object dry and comfortable native country fine crushing, thickness of earth covering 1-
2cm is advisable with not revealing seed；
1.5, field management
1.5.1, thinning final singling；Seedling during -3 leaf of 2 leaf, -5 leaf phase final singling of 4 leaf；
1.5.2, tillage and weeding；First time tillage and weeding is carried out in conjunction with final singling, second of deep tillage and weeding is carried out before jointing,
Jointing stage to heading early period completes third time cultivation and banking；
1.5.3, water management；Work of draining flooded fields of taking precautions against drought is carried out in time, if rainfall is excessive, is drained flooded fields in time, it is raw in sugar grass
In growth process, holding encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch without ponding, seedling stage to heading stage, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 75%
When, appropriate in time to irrigate, heading to maturity period is poured water in right amount in time when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 70%；
1.5.4, top dressing；After the final singling root and stem of certain plants living, is intertilled in conjunction with first time, impose 10-15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage, to growing way
Weaker imposes 2.5-3kg/ mus of urea, but all fertilising work, must be fully completed before 12 leaves；
1.5.5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
1.5.5.1, pest control；Prevent that the method that eliminates aphis is with active constituent content per acre when aphid occurs in spot film
The mixed solution that 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 24g converts 45kg water sprays.Mythimna separata, corn borer method are prevented and treated, is prevented and treated 3 times,
For the first time in the 4 leaf phase of sugar grass, for the second time in the jointing stage, third time is prevented and treated before flowering, and each dosing is used per acre
15ml Rynaxypyr (active constituent content 200g/L) suspending agent is watered 45kg and sprays；
1.5.5.2, disease control；It is prevented and treated in sugar grass 8-9 leaf phase and early stage, purple spot, per acre with 25% rich power
Library aqueous emulsion 12-18ml is configured to 2500-3000 times of liquid and sprays, banded sclerotial blight, per acre with 8% " jinggangmeisu " aqua 80-
90ml is watered 45kg and prevents and treats by spraying；
1.6, it harvests, in 80% tassel maturation of sugar grass, robs fine day harvesting and stalk and seed；
1.7, the root root and stem of certain plants is removed, aerial part is all after harvest, ploughs deeply cultivated, and all sugar grass root root and stem of certain plants are all removed, are collected；
1.8, it processes, recycle cadmium, cadmium recovery processing: send sweet sorghum stalk seed to bioenergy process plants fuel second
Alcohol, the root root and stem of certain plants collect carbonization manufacture biomass carbon, and waste residue, waste liquid carry out cadmium recovery processing；
In the present embodiment, ditch and waist furrow width 45cm, deep 35cm are enclosed in the step 1.2；Compartment furrow width 40cm, deep 25cm.
In the present embodiment, the constituent content proportion of the compound fertilizer in the step 1.3 is (N:P:K=20:8:12).
In the present embodiment, the spring sowing seedling age phase in the step 1.4.1 is 25 days, and the summer sowing seedling age phase is 20 days.
In the present embodiment, the color of mulch is white in the culturing and transplanting seedlings in the step 1.4.2.
It is 4cm that trench depth is sowed in the present embodiment, in the live streaming in the step 1.4.2.
Test result: 204.8kg/ mus of sugar grass dry matter seed of harvest, 1337.3kg/ mus of cauline leaf, root system 303.2kg/
Mu, cadmium content are respectively 0.065mg/kg, 4.074mg/kg, 9.759mg/kg, remove Cadmium in Soil be respectively 0.01g/ mus,
5.45g/ mus, 2.96g/ mus remove cadmium 8.42g/ mus altogether.The total cadmium content of soil is 1.55mg/kg before testing, and soil is total after test
Cadmium content is 1.49mg/kg, and the total cadmium content of soil reduces by 3.87%.
Embodiment three:
1.1, breeding: section's sweet tea 30,130 days breeding times is selected, crop field is with 1kg/ mus of kind；
1.2, site preparation: experimental plot, which was ploughed deeply to plough in winter the previous year, freezes base, and ploughed depth 15-20cm is pressed April 7 next year
Compartment wide 3m divide compartment, carries out fine leveling earth, Kai Weigou, Yao Gou, compartment ditch；
1.3, basal dressing: while site preparation, 50kg/ mus of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=20:8:12) for applying 40% makees base
Fertilizer；
1.4, sow: sowing on April 10 opens seed furrow live streaming, sows trench depth 3-5cm, planting density, line-spacing 40cm-
55cm, spacing in the rows 17cm-27cm keep a full stand of seedings 5000 plants/acre, broadcast rear cover kind, lid kind object dry and comfortable native country fine crushing, thickness of earth covering 1-
2cm is advisable with not revealing seed；
1.5, field management
1.5.1, thinning final singling: seedling during -3 leaf of 2 leaf, -5 leaf phase final singling of 4 leaf carry out intertillage for the first time in conjunction with final singling and remove
Grass carries out second of deep tillage and weeding before jointing, and the jointing stage to heading early period completes third time cultivation and banking；
1.5.2, water management: carrying out work of draining flooded fields of taking precautions against drought in time, if rainfall is excessive, drains flooded fields in time, raw in sugar grass
In growth process, holding encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch without ponding, seedling stage to heading stage, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 75%
When, appropriate in time to irrigate, heading to maturity period is poured water in right amount in time when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 70%；
1.5.3, top dressing: after the final singling root and stem of certain plants living, intertilled in conjunction with first time, impose 10-15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage, to growing way
Weaker imposes 2.5-3kg/ mus of urea, but all fertilising work, must be fully completed before 12 leaves；
1.5.4, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
1.5.5.1, pest control, the anti-method that eliminates aphis are with active constituent content per acre when aphid occurs in spot film
The mixed solution that 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 24g converts 45kg water sprays.Mythimna separata, corn borer method are prevented and treated, is prevented and treated 3 times,
For the first time in the 4 leaf phase of sugar grass, for the second time in the jointing stage, third time is prevented and treated before flowering, uses 15ml chlorine worm per acre every time
Benzamide (active constituent content 200g/L) suspending agent is watered 45kg and sprays；
1.5.5.2, disease control prevents and treats, purple spot in sugar grass 8-9 leaf phase and early stage, per acre with 25% rich power
Library aqueous emulsion 12-18ml is configured to 2500-3000 times of liquid and sprays, banded sclerotial blight, per acre with 8% " jinggangmeisu " aqua 80-
90ml is watered 45kg and prevents and treats by spraying；
1.6, it harvests, in 80% tassel maturation of sugar grass, robs fine day harvesting and stalk and seed；
1.7, it removes the root root and stem of certain plants, after overground part harvest, ploughs deeply cultivated, all sugar grass root root and stem of certain plants are all removed, are collected；
1.8, it processes, recycle cadmium, cadmium recovery processing: send sweet sorghum stalk seed to bioenergy process plants fuel second
Alcohol, the root root and stem of certain plants collect carbonization manufacture biomass carbon, and waste residue, waste liquid carry out cadmium recovery processing；
In the present embodiment, ditch and waist furrow width 50cm, deep 40cm are enclosed in the step 1.2；Compartment furrow width 50cm, deep 27cm.
In the present embodiment, the constituent content proportion of the compound fertilizer in the step 1.3 is (N:P:K=20:8:12).
In the present embodiment, the spring sowing seedling age phase in the step 1.4.1 is 25 days, and the summer sowing seedling age phase is 20 days.
In the present embodiment, the color of mulch is white in the culturing and transplanting seedlings in the step 1.4.2.
It is 5cm that trench depth is sowed in the present embodiment, in the live streaming in the step 1.4.2.
Test result: 288.4kg/ mus of sugar grass dry matter seed of harvest, 1257.1kg/ mus of cauline leaf, root system 312.5kg/
Mu, cadmium content are respectively 0.201mg/kg, 6.865mg/kg, 12.754mg/kg, remove Cadmium in Soil be respectively 0.06g/ mus,
8.63g/ mus, 3.99g/ mus remove cadmium 12.68g/ mus altogether, and the total cadmium content of soil is 2.166mg/kg, soil after test before testing
Total cadmium content is 2.077mg/kg, and the total cadmium content of soil reduces by 4.1%.
The basic principles, main features and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe originals of the invention
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.
Claims (7)
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 1. a kind of cadmium pollution is ploughed, characterized by the following steps:1.1, it selects breeding: selecting the sugar grass kind that the ripe phase is suitable for, yielding ability is good, enriching heavy metal ability is strong, be typically chosen Sugar grass kind of the breeding time at 90-150 days, sowing quantity: 0.5kg/ mus of the kind in crop field of general culturing and transplanting seedlings, artificial live streaming are big Field is with 1kg/ mus of kind；Mechanical fine sowing is with 0.4-0.5kg/ mus of kind；1.2, site preparation: winter-fallowed paddy field winter, which ploughs deeply to plough, freezes base, and general depth is 15-20cm, and non-irrigated soil can be turned over prior to seeding, be turned over Depth is 20-30cm, divides compartment by the wide 3m in compartment, carries out fine site preparation, and soil wants smooth, holds successfully and encloses ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch, with benefit row Water；1.3, use sufficient base manure: while site preparation, compound fertilizer 50kg/ mus for applying 40% makees base manure, if any farmyard manure or barnyard manure, 750-1000kg/ mus can be then affixed by；1.4, it begins sowing in good time:1.4.1, sowing time；South is sowed in spring, and sowing at the beginning of late March -4 months, accumulation regenerates the appropriate early sowing of sorghum, guarantees that regeneration is high Fine strain of millet can ear flowering before September 20th, and in -6 months late Aprils of summer sowing, last ten-days period sowing, northern summer sowing, preferably by the end of April-the first tenday period of a month in May are broadcast Kind；1.4.2, seeding method:Culturing and transplanting seedlings；Seedbed area and crop field ratio are 1:10, apply urea 5kg per acre in conjunction with whole soil, using film heat preservation nursery of digging earth with the snout；Live streaming；By planting density, line-spacing 40-55cm, spacing in the rows 17-27cm keep a full stand of seedings 5000 plants/acre, hold seed furrow successfully；It is spare to turn over leveling for first 3 days in sowing for both the above seeding method；Soil is watered when sowing and is impregnated with, rear cover is broadcast Kind, lid kind object dry and comfortable native country or farmyard manure fine crushing, thickness of earth covering 1-2cm are advisable with not revealing seed；1.5, field management:1.5.1, thinning final singling；Be broadcast live -3 leaf of 2 leaf of sugar grass during seedling, -5 leaf phase final singling of 4 leaf, culturing and transplanting seedlings in 4.5 leaves - It is transplanted in time when 5.5 leaf；1.5.2, tillage and weeding；Sugar grass, which is broadcast live, combines final singling to carry out first time tillage and weeding；First after the transplanting sugar grass root and stem of certain plants living Secondary tillage and weeding carries out second of deep tillage and weeding before jointing, and the jointing stage to heading early period completes third time cultivation and banking；1.5.3, water management；Work of draining flooded fields of taking precautions against drought is carried out in time, if rainfall is excessive, drains flooded fields, was grown in sugar grass in time Cheng Zhong, holding enclose ditch, Yao Gou, compartment ditch without ponding, seedling stage to heading stage, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 75%, and Shi Shiliang is irrigated, heading to maturity period, when soil moisture is lower than field capacity 70%, is poured water in right amount in time；1.5.4, top dressing；After final singling and the transplanting root and stem of certain plants living, is intertilled in conjunction with first time, impose 10-15kg/ mus of urea, the jointing stage, to length Gesture it is weaker impose 2.5-3kg/ mus of urea, all fertilisings should must be fully completed before 12 leaves；1.5.5, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:1.5.5.1, pest control；The anti-method that eliminates aphis is per acre 10% with active constituent content when aphid occurs in spot film The mixed solution that imidacloprid wettable powder 24g converts 45kg water sprays.Mythimna separata, corn borer method are prevented and treated, is prevented and treated 3 times, for the first time In the 4 leaf phase of sugar grass, for the second time in the jointing stage, third time is prevented and treated before flowering, and each dosing uses 15ml chlorine per acre Worm benzamide (active constituent content 200g/L) suspending agent is watered 45kg and sprays；Or per acre with 5% " Frontline " suspending agent 30- 40ml is watered 45kg and sprays；Or it is watered 50-60kg with 20% " Hostathion " missible oil 75-100ml per acre and sprayed, or used per acre 2% " emamectin benzoate " 40~60mL of emulsion, is watered 45kg and sprays；1.5.5.2, disease control；It is prevented and treated in sugar grass 8-9 leaf phase or early stage, purple spot, generally uses " maneb per acre 80% wettable powder 150-175g of zinc ", is configured to 400-700 times of liquid and prevents and treats by spraying；Or 25% Fu Liku aqueous emulsion 12-18ml It is configured to 2500-3000 times of liquid to spray, banded sclerotial blight, is generally watered 45kg spray with 8% " jinggangmeisu " aqua 80-90ml per acre Mist prevention and treatment；1.6, it harvests in due course:What stalk and seed need to be utilized respectively, it can be harvested in 80% tassel maturation, if need to only utilize stalk, after grouting just It can harvest, harvest too early, will affect and inhale cadmium effect, quality and yield；Too late, plant nutrition is easily lost and reduces quality；1.7, cleaning removes the root root and stem of certain plants: aerial part is all after harvest, ploughs deeply cultivated, and all sugar grass root root and stem of certain plants are all removed, are collected；1.8, cadmium is recycled: sending sweet sorghum stalk, seed to bioenergy process plants alcohol fuel, the root root and stem of certain plants collects carbonization Biomass carbon is manufactured, waste residue, waste liquid carry out cadmium recovery processing.
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 2. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described Sugar grass kind in step 1.1 is one or more of section's sweet tea 1, section's sweet tea 3, section's sweet tea 11 and section's sweet tea 30.
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 3. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described Ditch and waist furrow width 40-50cm, deep 30-35cm are enclosed in step 1.2；Compartment furrow width 35-40cm, deep 20-30cm.
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 4. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described The constituent content proportion of compound fertilizer in step 1.3 is (N:P:K=20:8:12).
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 5. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described The spring sowing seedling age phase in step 1.4.1 is 25 days, and the summer sowing seedling age phase is 20 days.
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 6. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described The color of mulch is white in culturing and transplanting seedlings in step 1.4.2.
- The sugar grass surrogate outcomes recovery technique 7. a kind of cadmium pollution according to claim 1 is ploughed, it is characterised in that: described Trench depth 3-5cm is sowed in live streaming in step 1.4.2.
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