CN114557245B - Simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley - Google Patents
Simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley Download PDFInfo
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- CN114557245B CN114557245B CN202210198846.5A CN202210198846A CN114557245B CN 114557245 B CN114557245 B CN 114557245B CN 202210198846 A CN202210198846 A CN 202210198846A CN 114557245 B CN114557245 B CN 114557245B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley, belonging to the technical field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide; soil preparation and ridging are carried out: removing field impurities and weeds, deeply ploughing the land, airing, applying a base fertilizer, carrying out secondary deep ploughing, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then carrying out shallow ploughing; then, carrying out transverse and longitudinal ridging on the land to realize land area division; drainage grooves are formed in the ridges and used for irrigation; the water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid; the modified bentonite is prepared by organically modifying bentonite with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; the base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; then, sowing is performed. According to the invention, the water retention fertilizer is applied to the soil, so that the water retention performance of the soil and the stability of soil aggregates are improved, the utilization rate of water and the fertilizer is improved, and the yield of highland barley is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley.
Background
The highland barley belongs to the barley genus of Gramineae, and is suitable for growing in plateau with cool climate, strong cold resistance, short growth period, high yield, early maturity and wide adaptability. The highland barley is the main food, fuel and livestock feed for residents in the Tibetan region, and is also the raw material for producing beer, medicines and health care products.
The Tibet is in a high-altitude area, the illumination time is long, the radiation intensity is high, good conditions are provided for the formation and transformation of crop bioenergy by strong illumination and solar radiation, and excellent natural conditions are provided for high yield of crops, but the soil of the Tibet contains more gravels and sand grains, and the content of sticky grains and powder grains is low. The existence of sand grains causes the soil to have larger pores, the soil has strong water permeability, poor water retention capacity and large evaporation capacity, deep seepage of water can be quickly formed even if sufficient rainfall exists, little water is effectively retained in the soil, and the capability of resisting drought is poor. At present, highland barley is planted in arid areas mainly in a large-water irrigation mode, but the water retention of soil is neglected, so that the water utilization rate is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a simplified highland barley cultivation method for Tibet, which applies water retention fertilizer in soil, improves the water retention performance of the soil and the stability of soil aggregates, improves the utilization rate of water and fertilizer, and improves the yield of highland barley.
The invention provides a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds
Selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide;
s2, soil preparation and ridging
Removing field impurities and weeds, deeply ploughing the land, airing for 2-3 days, applying a base fertilizer, deeply ploughing for the second time, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then shallowly ploughing; then, carrying out transverse and longitudinal ridging on the land to realize land area division; drainage grooves are formed in the ridges for irrigation;
the water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid; the modified bentonite is prepared by organically modifying bentonite with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride;
the base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer;
s3, sowing
And (3) sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the sowing row spacing is 15-18cm, the sowing quantity is 14-16 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm.
Preferably, the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 90-100 kg/mu; the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-15 parts of modified bentonite, 7-9 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast and 4-7 parts of alginic acid.
Preferably, the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
step 1, weighing 2-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-15 parts of modified bentonite, 7-9 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast and 4-7 parts of alginic acid according to parts by weight;
step 2, drying the sodium polyacrylate to obtain dried sodium polyacrylate, and respectively crushing the modified bentonite and the corn straws for later use;
and 3, mixing the dried sodium polyacrylate, the crushed modified bentonite, the crushed corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
Preferably, the modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
adding bentonite into water to obtain a mixed solution, adding octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the mixed solution, stirring at 60-80 ℃ for 2-4h, standing for 6-7h, centrifuging, washing with water, and drying to obtain the modified bentonite.
Preferably, the proportion of bentonite and water in the mixed solution is 30-50g; the mass ratio of the bentonite to the octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 30:12-14.
Preferably, the application amount of the organic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 900-1300kg per mu, and the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu.
Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer consists of a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3.
Preferably, the depth of the deep ploughing and the secondary deep ploughing is 28-35cm; the depth of the shallow ploughing is 15-20cm.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps: s4, field management: topdressing, irrigation and pest control are carried out in the growth process of the highland barley.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley, which comprises the steps of dividing a large-area land into a small-area land for planting, arranging an irrigation water pipe on a ridge, utilizing the irrigation water pipe for irrigating during the highland barley planting period, avoiding water resource waste caused by flood irrigation, and carrying out soil preparation, sowing, harvesting and the like through a mechanical means in the planting process;
according to the invention, the water-retaining agent is added into the soil, and the water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid, so that the raw material cost is low, and the preparation method is simple to operate. The sodium polyacrylate and the modified bentonite reduce the permeation and loss of soil moisture so as to achieve the purpose of water retention; the corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid can reduce the alkalinity of the soil, the application of the water-retaining fertilizer can improve the stability of soil aggregates, and the soil can be promoted to form an aggregate structure.
The invention carries out modification treatment on the bentonite, and a large amount of OH exists between bentonite layers - Can form hydrogen bond with water molecule, has certain hydrophilic performance, and can enlarge the interlayer distance of bentonite after modifying the bentonite by utilizing octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, provide more adsorption space and expose more OH - And the hydrophilic performance of the bentonite is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The highland barley seed variety used in the following examples is dark blue 2000, the bactericide is 15% wettable triadimefon powder, the dosage is 60 g/mu, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure, and the inorganic fertilizer consists of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3. Soil preparation, ridging, seeding and the like in the following embodiments are all performed by adopting a mechanical means, so that the investment of manpower is reduced.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds
Selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide;
s2, soil preparation and ridging
Removing field impurities and weeds, smashing and leveling soil by adopting a rotary cultivator, then deeply ploughing the soil to a depth of 28cm, airing for 2 days, then applying a base fertilizer, carrying out secondary deep ploughing to a depth of 28cm, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then shallowly ploughing to a depth of 15cm; then, transverse and longitudinal ridging is carried out on the land, so that land area division is realized, and large-area land is divided into 2 mu of small-area soil; set up the drainage groove on the ridge, bury the water pipe for irrigation in the drainage groove, the water pipe for irrigation carries out field irrigation as the water delivery facility, the water pipe for irrigation includes main water pipe and 4-6 distributive pipes, and main water pipe is used for the water drainage, and the distributive pipe is used for water introduction field.
The water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid; the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 100 kg/mu;
the base fertilizer used per mu consists of 900kg of organic fertilizer and 15kg of inorganic fertilizer;
s3, sowing
And (4) sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the sowing row spacing is 15cm, the sowing quantity is 16 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 4cm.
S4, field management
In the period of two leaves and one heart of the highland barley, 7kg of urea can be applied to each mu, 7kg of urea is applied to the highland barley in the jointing stage, and the topdressing needs to be applied by combining irrigation;
irrigating respectively at the seedling emergence stage, the flowering stage and the heading stage of the highland barley, and timely irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 15%; and pest control is carried out; and green prevention and control technologies such as biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and the like are adopted in the pest prevention and control process, so that the use of pesticides is reduced.
In the embodiment, the water-retaining fertilizer consists of 3kg of sodium polyacrylate, 10kg of modified bentonite, 9kg of corn straw, 20kg of wormcast and 7kg of alginic acid.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 3kg of sodium polyacrylate, 10kg of modified bentonite, 9kg of corn straw, 20kg of wormcast and 7kg of alginic acid according to parts by weight;
step 2, drying sodium polyacrylate at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain dried sodium polyacrylate, crushing the modified bentonite, sieving the crushed modified bentonite with a 120-mesh sieve, and crushing the dried corn straws for later use;
and 3, mixing the dried sodium polyacrylate, the crushed modified bentonite, the crushed corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
The modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
adding 300g of bentonite into 1L of water, uniformly stirring by a machine to obtain a mixed solution, adding 120g of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the mixed solution, stirring for 4 hours at 60 ℃, standing for 7 hours, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate with water until the supernatant is detected to contain no chloride ions, and then drying the precipitate for 5 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain the modified bentonite.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a simplified cultivation method for Tibet highland barley, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds
Selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide;
s2, soil preparation and ridging
Removing field impurities and weeds, smashing and leveling soil by adopting a rotary cultivator, then deeply ploughing the soil to a depth of 35cm, airing for 2 days, then applying a base fertilizer, carrying out secondary deep ploughing to a depth of 35cm, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then shallowly ploughing to a depth of 20cm; then, transverse and longitudinal ridging is carried out on the land, so that land area division is realized, and large-area land is divided into 2 mu of small-area soil; set up the drainage groove on the ridge, bury the water pipe for irrigation in the drainage groove, the water pipe for irrigation carries out field irrigation as the water delivery facility, the water pipe for irrigation includes main water pipe and 4-6 distributive pipes, and main water pipe is used for the water drainage, and the distributive pipe is used for water introduction field.
The water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid; the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 95 kg/mu;
the base fertilizer used per mu consists of 1300kg of organic fertilizer and 15kg of inorganic fertilizer;
s3, sowing
And (4) sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the sowing row spacing is 18cm, the sowing quantity is 14 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 3cm.
S4, field management
In the two-leaf one-heart period of the highland barley, 7kg of urea can be applied to each mu, 7kg of urea is applied in the jointing period, and the additional fertilizer is applied by combining irrigation;
irrigating respectively at the seedling emergence stage, the flowering stage and the heading stage of the highland barley, and timely irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 15%; and pest control is carried out; and green prevention and control technologies such as biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and the like are adopted in the pest prevention and control process, so that the use of pesticides is reduced.
The water-retaining fertilizer used in this example and the method for producing modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds
Selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide;
s2, soil preparation and ridging
Removing field impurities and weeds, smashing and leveling soil by adopting a rotary cultivator, then deeply ploughing the soil to a depth of 30cm, airing for 3 days, then applying a base fertilizer, carrying out secondary deep ploughing to a depth of 30cm, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then shallowly ploughing to a depth of 17cm; then, transverse and longitudinal ridging is carried out on the land, so that land area division is realized, and large-area land is divided into 2 mu of small-area soil; set up the drainage groove on the ridge, bury the water pipe for irrigation in the drainage groove, the water pipe for irrigation carries out field irrigation as the water delivery facility, the water pipe for irrigation includes main water pipe and 4-6 distributive pipes, and main water pipe is used for the water drainage, and the distributive pipe is used for water introduction field.
The water-retaining fertilizer consists of sodium polyacrylate, modified bentonite, corn straw, wormcast and alginic acid; the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 90 kg/mu;
the base fertilizer used per mu consists of 1100kg of organic fertilizer and 13kg of inorganic fertilizer;
s3, sowing
And (4) sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the sowing row spacing is 17cm, the sowing quantity is 15 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 3cm.
S4, field management
In the period of two leaves and one heart of the highland barley, 7kg of urea can be applied to each mu, 7kg of urea is applied to the highland barley in the jointing stage, and the topdressing needs to be applied by combining irrigation;
irrigating respectively at the seedling emergence stage, the flowering stage and the heading stage of the highland barley, and timely irrigating when the water content of the soil is lower than 15%; and pest control is carried out; and green prevention and control technologies such as biological prevention and control, physical prevention and control and the like are adopted in the pest prevention and control process, so that the use of pesticides is reduced.
The water-retaining fertilizer used in this example and the method for producing modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
The simplified cultivation method of the highland barley, which is Tibetan in the embodiment, is the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is only that the preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer and the modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is carried out according to the following method.
In the embodiment, the water-retaining fertilizer consists of 2kg of sodium polyacrylate, 15kg of modified bentonite, 7kg of corn straw, 25kg of wormcast and 6kg of alginic acid.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 2kg of sodium polyacrylate, 15kg of modified bentonite, 7kg of corn straw, 25kg of wormcast and 6kg of alginic acid according to parts by weight;
step 2, drying sodium polyacrylate at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain dried sodium polyacrylate, crushing the modified bentonite, sieving the crushed modified bentonite with a 100-mesh sieve, and crushing the dried corn straws for later use;
and 3, mixing the dried sodium polyacrylate, the crushed modified bentonite, the crushed corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
The modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
adding 500g of bentonite into 1L of water, uniformly stirring by a machine to obtain a mixed solution, adding 233g of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the mixed solution, stirring for 3 hours at 70 ℃, standing for 6 hours, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate with water until the supernatant is detected to contain no chloride ions, and then drying the precipitate for 5 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain the modified bentonite.
Example 5
The simplified cultivation method of the highland barley, which is Tibetan in the embodiment, is the same as the embodiment 1, and the difference is only that the preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer and the modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is carried out according to the following method.
In this embodiment, the water-retaining fertilizer is composed of 2.5kg of sodium polyacrylate, 12kg of modified bentonite, 8kg of corn stalk, 30kg of wormcast and 4kg of alginic acid.
The preparation method of the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing 2.5kg of sodium polyacrylate, 12kg of modified bentonite, 8kg of corn straw, 30kg of wormcast and 4kg of alginic acid in parts by weight;
step 2, drying sodium polyacrylate at 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain dried sodium polyacrylate, crushing the modified bentonite, sieving the crushed modified bentonite with a 140-mesh sieve, and crushing the dried corn straws for later use;
and 3, mixing the dried sodium polyacrylate, the crushed modified bentonite, the crushed corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
The modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
adding 400g of bentonite into 1L of water, uniformly stirring by a machine to obtain a mixed solution, adding 173g of octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the mixed solution, stirring for 2h at 80 ℃, standing for 6.5 h, centrifuging to obtain a precipitate, washing the precipitate with water until the supernatant is detected to contain no chloride ions, and then drying the precipitate for 5h at 90 ℃ to obtain the modified bentonite.
Comparative example 1
The simplified cultivation method of the highland barley is the same as that of the example 1, and the difference is that no water-retaining agent is added in the comparative example;
the ridging is not carried out, and the large-area irrigation is directly carried out.
The yields of highland barley in examples 1-5 and comparative example 1 were counted and the results are as follows.
TABLE 1 highland barley yields harvested in examples 1-3 and comparative example 1
| Examples | Yield (kg/mu) |
| Example 1 | 316 |
| Example 2 | 312 |
| Example 3 | 309 |
| Comparative example 1 | 291 |
The highland barley of the dark blue 2000 variety is sown, and is cultivated in the same soil with the same fertility and in the same management mode according to the modes of the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 1, as can be seen from the table 1, compared with the comparative example 1, the yield of the example 1 is improved by 25 kg/mu, the yield of the examples 2-3 also reaches 309-312 kg/mu, the improvement of the yield mainly adopts the use of water and fertilizer, the structure of the soil is optimized, the utilization rate of water and fertilizer is improved, and the yield of the highland barley is improved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. The simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds
Selecting high-quality highland barley seeds, and uniformly mixing the highland barley seeds with a bactericide;
s2, soil preparation and ridging
Removing field impurities and weeds, deeply ploughing the land, airing for 2-3 days, applying a base fertilizer, deeply ploughing for the second time, applying a water-retaining fertilizer, and then shallowly ploughing; then, carrying out transverse and longitudinal ridging on the land to realize land area division; drainage grooves are formed in the ridges for irrigation; the depth of deep ploughing and secondary deep ploughing is 28-35cm; the depth of shallow ploughing is 15-20cm;
the application amount of the water-retaining fertilizer is 90-100 kg/mu; the water-retaining fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 2-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-15 parts of modified bentonite, 7-9 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast and 4-7 parts of alginic acid;
the modified bentonite is prepared by organically modifying bentonite with octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride; the modified bentonite in the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
adding bentonite into water to obtain mixed solution, adding octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride into the mixed solution, stirring at 60-80 deg.C for 2-4 hr, standing for 6-7 hr, centrifuging, washing with water, and drying to obtain modified bentonite
The base fertilizer consists of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer;
s3, sowing
And (3) sowing by using a sowing machine, wherein the sowing row spacing is 15-18cm, the sowing quantity is 14-16 kg/mu, and the sowing depth is 3-4cm.
2. The simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by the following method:
step 1, weighing 2-3 parts of sodium polyacrylate, 10-15 parts of modified bentonite, 7-9 parts of corn straw, 20-30 parts of wormcast and 4-7 parts of alginic acid according to parts by weight;
step 2, drying the sodium polyacrylate to obtain dried sodium polyacrylate, and respectively crushing the modified bentonite and the corn straws for later use;
and 3, mixing the dried sodium polyacrylate, the crushed modified bentonite, the crushed corn straw, the wormcast and the alginic acid to obtain the water-retaining fertilizer.
3. The simplified cultivation method of highland barley in Tibet as set forth in claim 1, wherein the ratio of bentonite to water in the mixed solution is 30-50g; the mass ratio of the bentonite to the octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride is 30:12-14.
4. The simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of organic fertilizer in base fertilizer is 900-1300kg per mu, and the application amount of inorganic fertilizer is 10-15kg per mu.
5. The simplified cultivation method of Tibet highland barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3.
6. The simplified highland barley Tibet cultivation method as set forth in claim 1, further comprising: s4, field management: topdressing, irrigation and pest control are carried out in the growth process of the highland barley.
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| CN105123171A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-ploughing deep-cultivating method |
| CN112913379A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-08 | 开封市农林科学研究院 | High-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn |
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| CN107285946A (en) * | 2017-06-07 | 2017-10-24 | 成都璐城科技有限公司 | A kind of highland barley special-purpose control-release fertilizer and its preparation method and application |
| WO2020129222A1 (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | 一宰 三宮 | Fertilizer and method for producing cultivated plants |
| CN111892442A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-11-06 | 内蒙古蒙苒生物科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of highland barley planting soil testing formula fertilizer |
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| CN105123171A (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2015-12-09 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco deep-ploughing deep-cultivating method |
| CN112913379A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-08 | 开封市农林科学研究院 | High-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn |
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| 山区丘陵地果园旱作与节水栽培技术研究;王朝霞等;《北方园艺》;20080930(第09期);88-90 * |
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