CN112913379A - High-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn - Google Patents
High-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn Download PDFInfo
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- CN112913379A CN112913379A CN202110225156.XA CN202110225156A CN112913379A CN 112913379 A CN112913379 A CN 112913379A CN 202110225156 A CN202110225156 A CN 202110225156A CN 112913379 A CN112913379 A CN 112913379A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/27—Pulp, e.g. bagasse
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly discloses a high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn. The method realizes the protection of the seeds and the maintenance of the moisture of the seeds by dressing the seeds with the coating agent, and leads the water to be stored locally in the ridges in a special ridging mode, thereby preventing the moisture from dissipating, increasing the water retention, promoting the emergence and growth of the corns and increasing the yield of the corns.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn.
Background
Drought and water shortage seriously affect the planting of crops, and the dry land planting causes serious soil erosion and serious water and nutrient loss due to exposed surface soil, so that the quality of cultivated land is gradually reduced, the yield of crops is low, and the emergence rate is low. The most direct influence of drought on plants is causing dehydration of protoplasm, which is the core of drought damage, thereby causing a series of damages, leading to abnormal metabolism, reduced photosynthesis and abnormal water distribution of crops, so that the plants are drought and lack water and have poor development.
At present, the dry-land corn planting method only can be used for irrigating more than needed, neglects the water retention and prevents water loss, causes serious water resource waste, and neglects the seeding mode and the effect of fertilizer on the planting.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn, which is characterized in that seed dressing is carried out through a coating agent to realize protection of seeds and maintenance of seed moisture, and water is stored locally in ridges in a special ridging mode to prevent moisture from losing, increase water retention and promote corn emergence and growth.
The invention provides a high-yield cultivation method of dry-land corn, which comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: selecting high-quality corn seeds and dressing the seeds by using a coating agent;
the coating agent consists of a water-retaining agent, a film-forming agent, an insecticide and a bactericide according to the mass ratio of 15-20:8-10:4: 4;
the water-retaining agent is formed by crosslinking spirulina polysaccharide, acrylamide and a crosslinking agent according to the mass ratio of 60-70:100-110: 3;
s2, soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land, leveling the land, secondarily ploughing deeply after 7-8 days, leveling the land, airing for 7-8 days, applying a base fertilizer on the surface of the land, and then ploughing shallowly;
the base fertilizer is the combination of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer;
s3, ridging: digging irrigation ditches crosswise in length and breadth, then ridging, wherein the ridge surface is annular, the height of the soil plane in the ridge is 2-3cm lower than the bottom of the ditch, and the ditches communicate the adjacent ridges to realize water storage in the ridges;
s4, sowing: digging holes with the depth of 10-15cm and the inner diameter of 3-5cm in the ridge, applying water-retaining fertilizer with the thickness of 3-4cm in the holes, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-4cm on the water-retaining fertilizer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil;
the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing water-retaining copolymer, straw residues, humic acid and biological fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:3: 10-20;
the water-retaining copolymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the biological fertilizer consists of a microbial solid microbial inoculum, biochar and manure according to a mass ratio of 15:35: 60-80;
the microbial solid microbial inoculum comprises azotobacter and bacillus subtilis.
Preferably, in S1, the insecticide is thiamethoxam.
Preferably, in S1, the bactericide is tebuconazole or carbendazim.
Preferably, in S1, the crosslinking agent is cyanuric chloride.
Preferably, in S2, the depth is 35-40cm, and the depth of shallow plowing is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1800-2000 kg/mu, and the application amount of the fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
Preferably, the fertilizer is prepared by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and urea according to the mass ratio of 3-4: 1.
Preferably, in S4, each gram of the microbial solid inoculum contains 10 viable count of nitrogen-fixing bacteria7It contains Bacillus subtilis 108And (4) respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the water retention and insect prevention of the corn seeds are realized through the water retention agent, the condition of water shortage of the seeds is avoided in the primary stage of cultivation, and the emergence rate is improved;
2. according to the invention, by digging ditches and ridging, the surfaces of the ridges are annular, the soil planes in the ridges are lower than the bottoms of the ditches, and the ditches communicate adjacent ridges, so that water is stored in the ridges, and is stored in time during raining or irrigation, so that water is prevented from losing and the water consumption is reduced;
3. the invention also increases the water retention of the corn root by applying the water retention fertilizer in the holes during sowing, realizes water absorption and retention by utilizing the water retention copolymer and the straw residues, provides sufficient nutrients by the biological fertilizer and the humic acid, and can realize the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests and promote the growth of corn plants;
4. the aim of increasing the yield is finally achieved through a series of water retention and fertilization measures.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the ridge surface, the ditch and the communication relationship thereof in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: selecting a corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is suitable for local planting, high-yield, drought-resistant and stable-yield, removing broken and mildewed seeds and other impurities, screening out corn seeds with full seeds, drying the corn seeds in the sun 8 days before sowing, coating the corn seeds with a seed coating agent 2 days before sowing, and then naturally drying the corn seeds for later sowing;
the seed coating agent consists of a water-retaining agent, a film-forming agent, an insecticide and a bactericide according to a mass ratio of 15:8:4: 4;
the water-retaining agent is formed by crosslinking spirulina polysaccharide, acrylamide and a crosslinking agent according to the mass ratio of 60:100: 3;
the pesticide is thiamethoxam;
the bactericide is tebuconazole;
the cross-linking agent is cyanuric chloride;
s2, soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land with the depth of 35-40cm, flattening the land after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles, deeply ploughing the soil again with the standard depth of 35-40cm after 7 days, flattening the land again after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles on the surface of the land, applying a base fertilizer on the surface of the land after airing for 7 days, and then carrying out shallow ploughing with the depth of 15-20 cm;
the base fertilizer is the combination of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1800 kg/mu, and the application amount of the inorganic fertilizer is 20 kg/mu;
the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure;
the fertilizer is formed by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and urea according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
S3, ridging: the irrigation ditches are dug in a criss-cross mode, then ridging is carried out, the ridge surfaces are circular, the height of a soil plane in each ridge is 2-3cm lower than the bottom of each ditch, the ditches communicate adjacent ridges, and when irrigation and raining are carried out, water can be shunted to the ridges through the ditches, so that the water is gathered, and the water loss is prevented.
S4, sowing: digging holes with the depth of 10-15cm and the inner diameter of 3-5cm on the land in the ridges, applying water-retaining fertilizer with the thickness of 3-4cm in the holes, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-4cm on the water-retaining fertilizer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil;
the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing water-retaining copolymer, straw residues, humic acid and biological fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:3: 10;
the water-retaining copolymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the biological fertilizer consists of a microbial solid microbial inoculum, biochar and manure according to a mass ratio of 15:35: 60;
the microbial solid microbial inoculum comprises azotobacter and bacillus subtilis, and each g of the microbial solid microbial inoculum contains 10 viable count of azotobacter7It contains Bacillus subtilis 108And (4) respectively.
Example 2
A high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: selecting a corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is suitable for local planting, high-yield, drought-resistant and stable-yield, removing broken and mildewed seeds and other impurities, screening out corn seeds with full seeds, drying the corn seeds in the sun 8 days before sowing, coating the corn seeds with a seed coating agent 2 days before sowing, and then naturally drying the corn seeds for later sowing;
the seed coating agent consists of a water-retaining agent, a film-forming agent, an insecticide and a bactericide according to a mass ratio of 18:9:4: 4;
the water-retaining agent is formed by crosslinking spirulina polysaccharide, acrylamide and a crosslinking agent according to a mass ratio of 65:105: 3;
the pesticide is thiamethoxam;
the bactericide is carbendazim;
the cross-linking agent is cyanuric chloride;
s2, soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land with the depth of 35-40cm, flattening the land after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles, deeply ploughing the soil again with the standard depth of 35-40cm after 8 days, flattening the land again after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles on the surface of the land, applying a base fertilizer on the surface of the land after airing for 8 days, and then carrying out shallow ploughing for 15-20 cm;
the base fertilizer is the combination of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1900 kg/mu, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is 17 kg/mu;
the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure;
the inorganic fertilizer is formed by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and urea according to the mass ratio of 3.5: 1.
S3, ridging: the irrigation ditches are dug in a criss-cross mode, then ridging is carried out, the ridge surfaces are circular, the height of a soil plane in each ridge is 2-3cm lower than the bottom of each ditch, the ditches communicate adjacent ridges, and when irrigation and raining are carried out, water can be shunted to the ridges through the ditches, so that the water is gathered, and the water loss is prevented.
S4, sowing: digging holes with the depth of 10-15cm and the inner diameter of 3-5cm on the land in the ridges, applying water-retaining fertilizer with the thickness of 3-4cm in the holes, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-4cm on the water-retaining fertilizer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil;
the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing water-retaining copolymer, straw residues, humic acid and biological fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:3: 15;
the water-retaining copolymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the biological fertilizer consists of a microbial solid microbial inoculum, biochar and manure according to a mass ratio of 15:35: 70;
the microbial solid microbial inoculum comprises azotobacter and bacillus subtilis, and each g of the microbial solid microbial inoculum contains 10 viable count of azotobacter7It contains Bacillus subtilis 108And (4) respectively.
Example 3
A high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn comprises the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: selecting a corn variety Zhengdan 958 which is suitable for local planting, high-yield, drought-resistant and stable-yield, removing broken and mildewed seeds and other impurities, screening out corn seeds with full seeds, drying the corn seeds in the sun 8 days before sowing, coating the corn seeds with a seed coating agent 2 days before sowing, and then naturally drying the corn seeds for later sowing;
the seed coating agent consists of a water-retaining agent, a film-forming agent, an insecticide and a bactericide according to a mass ratio of 20:10:4: 4;
the water-retaining agent is formed by crosslinking spirulina polysaccharide, acrylamide and a crosslinking agent according to a mass ratio of 70:110: 3;
the pesticide is thiamethoxam;
the bactericide is tebuconazole;
the cross-linking agent is cyanuric chloride;
s2, soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land with the depth of 35-40cm, flattening the land after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles, deeply ploughing the soil again with the standard depth of 35-40cm after 7 days, flattening the land again after airing for one day, crushing large soil particles on the surface of the land, applying a base fertilizer on the surface of the land after airing for 7 days, and then carrying out shallow ploughing with the depth of 15-20 cm;
the base fertilizer is the combination of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 2000 kg/mu, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is 20 kg/mu;
the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure;
the inorganic fertilizer is formed by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and urea according to the mass ratio of 4: 1.
S3, ridging: the irrigation ditches are dug in a criss-cross mode, then ridging is carried out, the ridge surfaces are circular, the height of a soil plane in each ridge is 2-3cm lower than the bottom of each ditch, the ditches communicate adjacent ridges, and when irrigation and raining are carried out, water can be shunted to the ridges through the ditches, so that the water is gathered, and the water loss is prevented.
S4, sowing: digging holes with the depth of 10-15cm and the inner diameter of 3-5cm on the land in the ridges, applying water-retaining fertilizer with the thickness of 3-4cm in the holes, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-4cm on the water-retaining fertilizer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil;
the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing water-retaining copolymer, straw residues, humic acid and biological fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:3: 20;
the water-retaining copolymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the biological fertilizer consists of a microbial solid microbial inoculum, biochar and manure according to a mass ratio of 15:35: 80;
the microbial solid microbial inoculum comprises azotobacter and bacillus subtilis, and each g of the microbial solid microbial inoculum contains 10 viable count of azotobacter7It contains Bacillus subtilis 108And (4) respectively.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 cultivation was carried out according to a local conventional cultivation method, and the main difference in comparative example 1 compared with example 1 is that:
seed dressing agent used for seed treatment is used for dressing seeds, and the used seed dressing agent is fipronil and pentoxazole imidacloprid;
and when the seeds are sowed, drill sowing is utilized, and 3000 kg/mu of base fertilizer organic fertilizer, 30 kg/mu of urea, 45 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 30 kg/mu of potassium sulfate are applied conventionally.
The emergence rate and the corn acre yield of the above examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were counted, and the results were as follows:
TABLE 1 emergence rates and corn acre yields for examples 1-3
Note: the average yield of other local Zhengdan 958 is 1280 jin/mu, and the average unit price is 1.7 yuan/jin.
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn yield finally obtained by the cultivation method of examples 1-3 of the present invention is 779-804 kg/mu, the market value of the corn obtained per mu is about 2700 Yuan, and the income is about 700 Yuan per mu compared with the conventional cultivation method.
And as can be seen from the table above, the cultivation method of the application plays a role in water and fertilizer retention, improves the emergence rate of the dry-land corn and increases the corn yield.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (9)
1. A high-yield cultivation method for dry-land corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, seed treatment: selecting high-quality corn seeds and dressing the seeds by using a coating agent;
the coating agent consists of a water-retaining agent, a film-forming agent, an insecticide and a bactericide according to the mass ratio of 15-20:8-10:4: 4;
the water-retaining agent is formed by crosslinking spirulina polysaccharide, acrylamide and a crosslinking agent according to the mass ratio of 60-70:100-110: 3;
s2, soil preparation: deeply ploughing the land, leveling the land, secondarily ploughing deeply after 7-8 days, leveling the land, airing for 7-8 days, applying a base fertilizer on the surface of the land, and then ploughing shallowly;
the base fertilizer is the combination of an organic fertilizer and an inorganic fertilizer;
s3, ridging: digging irrigation ditches crosswise in length and breadth, then ridging, wherein the ridge surface is annular, the height of the soil plane in the ridge is 2-3cm lower than the bottom of the ditch, and the ditches communicate the adjacent ridges to realize water storage in the ridges;
s4, sowing: digging holes with the depth of 10-15cm and the inner diameter of 3-5cm in the ridge, applying water-retaining fertilizer with the thickness of 3-4cm in the holes, covering a layer of soil with the thickness of 3-4cm on the water-retaining fertilizer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each hole, and covering soil;
the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by uniformly mixing water-retaining copolymer, straw residues, humic acid and biological fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 2:2:3: 10-20;
the water-retaining copolymer is formed by polymerizing acrylamide and polyacrylic acid;
the biological fertilizer consists of a microbial solid microbial inoculum, biochar and manure according to a mass ratio of 15:35: 60-80;
the microbial solid microbial inoculum comprises azotobacter and bacillus subtilis.
2. A high-yield cultivation method for corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the pesticide is thiamethoxam.
3. A high-yield cultivation method for corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the bactericide is tebuconazole or carbendazim.
4. The method for high-yield cultivation of corn on dry land of claim 1, wherein in S1, the cross-linking agent is cyanuric chloride.
5. A high-yield cultivation method of corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in S2, the depth is 35-40cm, and the depth of shallow plowing is 15-20 cm.
6. The high-yield cultivation method for the corn on the dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 1800-2000 kg/mu, and the application amount of the chemical fertilizer is 15-20 kg/mu.
7. The method for high-yield cultivation of the dry-land corn according to claim 6, wherein the organic fertilizer is decomposed manure.
8. The high-yield cultivation method for the dry-land corn as claimed in claim 6, wherein the fertilizer is formed by mixing ammonium bicarbonate and urea according to the mass ratio of 3-4: 1.
9. The method for high-yield cultivation of corn on dry land as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, each gram of said microbial solid inoculum contains viable count of azotobacter of 107It contains Bacillus subtilis 108And (4) respectively.
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Cited By (1)
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