CN110615899A - Carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding a certain amount of polysaccharide, an initiator and a cross-linking agent into the acrylamide aqueous solution, stirring and dissolving, transferring into a glass mold, and preparing the polysaccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel by ultraviolet light initiated polymerization. The hydrogel has high elasticity: after the stretching force is 20 times of the original length, the stretching force is released, and the rapid recovery can still be realized; has strong toughness: the deformation caused by needling to 95% does not generate damage traces, and in a tearing test, a cut with the edge of 1 mm of the gel still remains unchanged after being stretched for 10000 times in a reciprocating manner; has the freezing resistance: high flexibility can be still maintained under the condition of 20 ℃ below zero; has the following characteristics: the adhesive strength between the gel and the rubber surface at normal temperature is at least 1000N/m, and the adhesive strength between the gel and the human skin is at least 500N/m. Based on the superior performances, the gel has wide application prospects in the aspects of medical patches, freeze-resistant masks and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a saccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The hydrogel has a three-dimensional cross-linked network structure, can absorb water, is insoluble in water, and is widely applied to aspects such as biomedical dressings, tissue engineering, drug delivery and release, sensors, micro devices and the like. With the complication of application, the requirements on hydrogel properties are higher and higher, the hydrogel is required to be capable of adapting to a wide temperature range, the hydrogel material is required to have strong toughness and can resist damage caused by external force, and the hydrogel material is required to be repeatedly used for many times and still maintain excellent mechanical properties. As a medical material, hydrogel is required to have good water retention and excellent adhesion.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for combining physics and chemistry aiming at the defects of the prior art, which comprises the following steps: namely, in a polysaccharide system, acrylamide polymerization is initiated by ultraviolet light to prepare the polysaccharide compounded polyacrylamide dual-network hydrogel and the application of the hydrogel in medical patches and freeze-resistant masks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a saccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing acrylamide particles, dissolving the acrylamide particles in deionized water under magnetic stirring to prepare a colorless and transparent acrylamide aqueous solution; wherein, the solution concentration is: the concentration is 0.05-2.00 g/mL;
step 2, adding polysaccharide into an acrylamide aqueous solution, and continuing to stir by magnetic force to obtain a colorless transparent solution, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the polysaccharide is 100 ~ 1:1 ~ 3;
step 3, weighing an initiator and a cross-linking agent, and adding the initiator and the cross-linking agent into the solution prepared in the step 2, wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide to the cross-linking agent is 2000 ~ 200:1, and the mass ratio of acrylamide to the initiator is 200 ~ 20: 1;
and 4, step 4: taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 0.2-5.0 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area, covering another clean glass slide on the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges; extracting air in the sandwich structure device by using an injector, and injecting inert gas; wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;
and 5: injecting the solution prepared in step 3 into the sandwich structure device prepared in step 4, and irradiating under ultraviolet lamp at 25 deg.C for 20-120 min with light intensity of 20-100 mW/cm2The optical wavelength is 300-440 nm, or the sandwich structure device is transferred to a heating table at 60-90 ℃, after heating for 0.5-2 h, the sandwich structure device is opened, and the colorless and transparent hydrogel formed by crosslinking the solution in the blank area is the carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel;
the polysaccharide in the step 2 is trehalose, agarose, glucan, mannose, erythrose, threose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose and galactan.
The cross-linking agent in the step 3 is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate or [ 2-methacryloxy ] diethyl phosphate; the initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl ] -1-acetone or alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
A carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel prepared by the method.
After the hydrogel is stretched to 20 times of the original length, the tensile force is released, and the deformation recovery time is 0.001-0.5 min; the deformation caused by needling to 95% does not generate damage traces; in a tearing test, an incision with the edge of 1 mm of the hydrogel still keeps the original shape after being stretched for 10000 times in a reciprocating manner and cannot be extended; the flexibility can be kept under the condition of-20 ℃; the adhesive strength of the hydrogel and the rubber surface at normal temperature is at least 1000N/m, and the adhesive strength of the hydrogel and the human skin is at least 500N/m.
An application of the saccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel in a medical patch and a freeze-resistant mask.
The invention has the advantages of
In order to prepare hydrogel with excellent properties and meet application requirements, the invention introduces edible natural nontoxic cheap and easily available polysaccharide material into a polyacrylamide reaction system to prepare hydrogel with high elasticity, toughness, freezing resistance and adhesiveness.
The composite polyacrylamide hydrogel is non-toxic, so that the hydrogel can be applied to the biomedical field related to human bodies, and the transparency of the hydrogel makes it possible to monitor the growth condition of wound surfaces in real time when the hydrogel is used as a medical patch. The composite hydrogel has high elasticity, can be stretched to 20 times of the original length and completely restored to the original state in 0.5 min, and can be stretched to 45 times of the original length at most. The hydrogel was tough, able to resist deformation by 95% compression without breaking, and was able to return to its original shape within 0.5 min when the external force was removed. The same conclusions are also presented in the notch shear test and the needle/knife puncture test during stretching. The hydrogel has good biaxial stretchability and no major-minor axis difference, can be randomly stretched along the biaxial direction, combines the hydrogel with the surface of rubber or human skin, and has the binding force of 1000N/m (rubber) and 500N/m (skin) through experimental detection, so that the polysaccharide composite hydrogel can be applied to the fields of medical patches and facial masks. And the good transparency and stretchability are still maintained at the temperature of-20 ℃, which shows that the freezing point of a hydrogel system is lowered due to the addition of the polysaccharide, and meanwhile, DMA tests also show that the composite polysaccharide hydrogel has stable mechanical properties at the temperature of-20-80 ℃, so that the temperature use range of the polysaccharide composite hydrogel is wider than that of the common acrylamide hydrogel. All results show that the polysaccharide is introduced into the acrylamide hydrogel, so that the property of the hydrogel is enhanced, and the application range of the hydrogel is greatly enriched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 test chart of hydrogel tensile test;
FIG. 2 is a graph of a hydrogel tensile test at low temperature;
FIG. 3 is an experimental diagram of polysaccharide composite hydrogel pressed by fine needles;
FIG. 4 is a graph of an experiment on adhesion of a polysaccharide composite hydrogel to a rubber surface;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a polysaccharide complex hydrogel applied to the back surface of an injured hand as a medicine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to provide those skilled in the art with a more complete, concise and complete understanding of the principles and spirit of the invention.
The acrylamide, polysaccharide, initiator and cross-linking agent used in the invention are all commercially available.
The polysaccharide used in the invention is: any one of trehalose, agarose, dextran, mannose, erythrose, threose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactan, and the like, preferably, the polysaccharide is soluble in deionized water at room temperature.
The cross-linking agent used in the invention is any one of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate and [ 2-methacryloxy ] diethyl phosphate; the initiator is any one of ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, (2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl ] -1-acetone) and alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
The low-temperature stretching performance test is to immerse the strip-shaped hydrogel in a liquid nitrogen and acetone mixed solution at the temperature of minus 20 ℃ for 30 min, take out the hydrogel, clamp the strip-shaped hydrogel by using forceps, manually stretch the gel, and observe whether the flexibility is still kept.
The gel has high elasticity, namely, the strip-shaped gel is stretched to 20 times of the original length at room temperature, the tension is released, and the gel shape recovery time is recorded.
The obdurability is realized by penetrating a steel needle with the diameter of 500 mm into gel until the gel is deformed by 95 percent, and observing whether the gel is punctured or not.
The adhesion test of the invention is to press and paste the gel on the surface of the rubber or the skin and carry out the standard 90 by using a mechanical stretching instrumentoPeel test, adhesion strength at normal and low temperatures.
The mechanical properties of the hydrogel such as stretching, compression, tearing and the like are represented by an HY-0580 universal stretcher, and the adhesive force between the hydrogel and the surfaces of rubber, skin and other substances is represented.
Example 1
A clean vial was taken for use, 2g of acrylamide was weighed and transferred to the vial, followed by 10 mL of deionized water, and the vial was placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred at room temperature until the acrylamide was completely dissolved. 0.2 g of trehalose was weighed into the reaction system and stirred until trehalose was completely dissolved. Then 0.001 g of N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide and 0.02g of ammonium persulfate are weighed and added into the reaction system, and stirred away from light until the mixture is dissolved uniformly.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 1 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area with the area of 60 mm x 15 mm, covering the other clean glass slide with the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by using a syringe, and nitrogen is injected. Injecting the stirred solution into a sandwich structure device by using an injector, transferring the device to an ultraviolet lamp for irradiating for 30 min, and opening the device to obtain the polysaccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel is cut into strips of 40 mm by 10 mm, elasticity, toughness and adhesion are tested at normal temperature, and the freezing resistance is tested at-20 ℃. The results are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, and FIG. 1 is a test chart of the hydrogel tensile test. Wherein (a) is the state of the polysaccharide composite hydrogel before stretching, and the original length of the hydrogel is L. (b) The picture of the polysaccharide composite hydrogel in the stretching process is shown, and the length of the hydrogel is 27.5L. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the hydrogel has better elasticity and can continue to be elongated after being stretched 27.5 times its original length. FIG. 2 is a drawing of a hydrogel tensile test at low temperature; wherein (a) and (b) are respectively tensile tests of the polysaccharide composite hydrogel at-19.1 ℃ and-13.2 ℃; in the figure, the hydrogel still keeps transparent at the temperature of-19.1 ℃ and is elongated, which shows that the polysaccharide composite hydrogel still keeps stretchability at low temperature; FIG. 3 is an experimental diagram of fine needle punching polysaccharide composite hydrogel; wherein (a) (b) (c) represents a gradual hydrogel depression process; (d) (e) represents the gradual recovery process after needling to 95% of the hydrogel thickness; in the experimental process, the fine needle is inserted into 95% of the depth of the hydrogel, the appearance of the hydrogel is carefully observed after the fine needle leaves the hydrogel, and no acupuncture trace exists, so that the polysaccharide composite hydrogel has strong toughness and can resist the damage of an external force; FIG. 4 is an experimental graph of adhesion of a polysaccharide composite hydrogel to a rubber surface; wherein (a) is a morphology photograph after hydrogel is combined with rubber; (b) the peeling test is used for testing the binding force of the hydrogel and the rubber surface; (c) testing the binding force between the hydrogel and the rubber surface at low temperature by using the liquid nitrogen surface; the peeling test quantitatively represents the bonding force between the hydrogel and the rubber surface; the failure to separate the two in the test indicates that the hydrogel and the rubber surface still maintain strong bonding force at low temperature. The results show that the trehalose compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel has high elasticity, high toughness, freezing resistance and adhesiveness.
Example 2
5 g of acrylamide was weighed into a 50 mL beaker, 30 mL of deionized water was added, and the mixture was placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred at room temperature until the acrylamide was completely dissolved. 5 g of mannose was weighed into the reaction system and stirred until the mannose was completely dissolved. Then 0.01g of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and 0.2 g of potassium persulfate are weighed into the reaction system and stirred away from light until the mixture is dissolved uniformly.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 2 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area with the area of 50 mm x 20 mm, covering the other clean glass slide with the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; the air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by a syringe, and the argon is injected. Injecting the stirred solution into a sandwich structure device by using a dropper, and transferring the device to a position below an ultraviolet lamp. And (4) irradiating for 2h by ultraviolet, and opening the device to obtain the polysaccharide composite polyacrylamide hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel is cut into strips of 40 mm by 15 mm, elasticity, toughness and adhesion are tested at normal temperature, and the freezing resistance is tested at-20 ℃. The result shows that the mannose-compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel has high elasticity, toughness, freezing resistance and adhesion.
Example 3
After 3 g of acrylamide was dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water, the resulting solution was placed on a magnetic stirrer and stirred at room temperature until the acrylamide was completely dissolved. 1.5 g of erythrose was weighed into the reaction system and stirred until erythrose was completely dissolved. Then 0.005 g of [ 2-methacryloyloxy ] diethyl phosphate as a crosslinking agent and 0.08 g of 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl ] -1-propanone as an initiator are weighed and added into the reaction system, and stirred away from light until the materials are dissolved uniformly.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 2 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; the middle part of the silica gel sheet is cut off, a dumbbell-shaped blank area is reserved, the total length is 60 mm, the length of the middle slender part is 40 mm, the width is 10 mm, and the width of the two ends of the dumbbell is 20 mm. Covering the other clean glass slide with a silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by using a syringe, and nitrogen is injected. The stirred solution was injected into the sandwich construction apparatus using a syringe. And transferring the whole system to ultraviolet light for irradiating for 40 min to prepare the erythrose compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel. And testing the elasticity, toughness and adhesiveness of the prepared hydrogel at normal temperature, and testing the freezing resistance of the hydrogel at-20 ℃. The result shows that the erythrose compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel has high elasticity, high toughness, freezing resistance and adhesiveness.
Example 4
1g of acrylamide was weighed and placed in a clean, ready-to-use glass vial, 10 mL of deionized water was added, and the vial was placed in a magnetic stirrer and stirred at room temperature until dissolved. 0.8 g of dextran was weighed, added to the acrylamide solution and stirred until the solution was clear and transparent and no particles were present in the solution. Then 0.02g of photoinitiator alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 0.002 g of cross-linking agent N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide are weighed and added into the reaction system in sequence, and the mixture is stirred in a shading mode until the mixture is completely dissolved.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 1.5 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area with the area of 60 mm x 20 mm, covering the other clean glass slide with the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; the air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by a syringe, and the argon is injected. The stirred solution was poured into a sandwich construction apparatus using a dropper. Placing the whole reaction system under the illumination of an ultraviolet lamp, controlling the illumination time to be 1 h, and opening the sandwich structure device to obtain the glucan composite polyacrylamide hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel is cut into strips with the size of 30 mm x 20 mm, elasticity, toughness and adhesion are tested at normal temperature, and the freezing resistance is tested under the condition of minus 20 ℃. The result shows that the polyacrylamide hydrogel compounded by the glucan has high elasticity, toughness, freezing resistance and adhesion.
Example 5
2g of acrylamide was dissolved in 10 mL of deionized water, 1.8 g of xylose was weighed and added to the acrylamide solution, and stirring was continued until the xylose was completely dissolved. Then 0.05 g of initiator alpha-ketoglutaric acid and 0.005 g of cross-linking agent [ 2-methacryloyloxy ] diethyl phosphate are respectively added into the reaction system, and the mixture is stirred in a shading mode until the mixture is completely dissolved.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 5mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area with the area of 50 mm x 15 mm, covering the other clean glass slide with the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by using a syringe, and nitrogen is injected. The stirred solution was injected into the sandwich construction apparatus using a syringe. And (3) placing the whole reaction system under the illumination of an ultraviolet lamp, controlling the illumination time to be 0.5 h, taking down the sandwich device, and opening the device to obtain the xylose-compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel is cut into strips with the size of 25 mm by 15 mm, elasticity, toughness and adhesion are tested at normal temperature, and the freezing resistance is tested under the condition of minus 20 ℃. The hydrogel was cut into a cylinder having a diameter of 1cm and a thickness of 5mm to test the room-temperature and low-temperature compression properties. The results show that the xylose compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel has high elasticity, high toughness, freezing resistance and adhesion.
Example 6
Dissolving 2g of acrylamide in 10 mL of deionized water, weighing 0.8 g of trehalose and 0.6 g of mannose, adding the trehalose and the mannose into an acrylamide solution, and continuing stirring until xylose is completely dissolved, wherein the mass ratio of polysaccharide to acrylamide is 7: 10. then 0.001 g of initiator ammonium persulfate and 0.005 g of cross-linking agent [ 2-methacryloyloxy ] diethyl phosphate are respectively added into the reaction system, and the mixture is stirred in a shading mode until the mixture is completely dissolved.
Taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 1.5 mm into the size of a glass slide with the thickness of 5cm by 5cm, and covering one glass slide; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area with the area of 40 mm x 40 mm, covering the other piece of clean glass slide on the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges, and compacting to ensure that the glass slide is tightly combined with the silica gel gasket without leakage; air in the sandwich structure device is pumped out by using a syringe, and nitrogen is injected. The stirred solution was injected into the sandwich construction apparatus using a syringe. Placing the whole reaction system under the illumination of an ultraviolet lamp, controlling the illumination time to be 1 h, taking down the sandwich device, and opening the device to obtain the xylose-compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel. The prepared hydrogel is directly taken out and cut into 1cm x 1cm in size, the hydrogel is pulled open towards four sides by two hands and then attached to the wound surface, the transparency of the hydrogel ensures the real-time monitoring of the wound surface condition, and meanwhile, the stretched hydrogel has the tendency of spontaneously recovering the original state, which is beneficial to the healing of the wound surface, and as shown in fig. 5, the polysaccharide composite hydrogel is attached to the surface of the back of an injured hand as a medicine.
The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is obvious that the specific implementation of the invention is not limited by the above-mentioned manner, or if various insubstantial modifications are made by using the method concept and technical scheme of the invention, the concept and technical scheme of the invention can be directly applied to other occasions, and the invention is within the protection scope of the invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1: weighing acrylamide particles, dissolving the acrylamide particles in deionized water under magnetic stirring to prepare a colorless and transparent acrylamide aqueous solution; wherein, the solution concentration is: the concentration is 0.05-2.00 g/mL;
step 2, adding polysaccharide into an acrylamide aqueous solution, and continuing to stir by magnetic force to obtain a colorless transparent solution, wherein the mass ratio of the acrylamide to the polysaccharide is 100 ~ 1:1 ~ 3;
step 3, weighing an initiator and a cross-linking agent, and adding the initiator and the cross-linking agent into the solution prepared in the step 2, wherein the mass ratio of acrylamide to the cross-linking agent is 2000 ~ 200:1, and the mass ratio of acrylamide to the initiator is 200 ~ 20: 1;
and 4, step 4: taking two cleaned glass slides, cutting a silica gel sheet with the thickness of 0.2-5.0 mm into the size of the glass slide, and covering one of the glass slides; cutting off the middle part of the silica gel sheet, leaving a blank area, covering another clean glass slide on the silica gel sheet to form a glass slide/silica gel sheet/glass slide sandwich structure device with aligned edges; extracting air in the sandwich structure device by using an injector, and injecting inert gas; wherein the inert gas is nitrogen or argon;
and 5: injecting the solution prepared in step 3 into the sandwich structure device prepared in step 4, and irradiating under ultraviolet lamp at 25 deg.C for 20-120 min with light intensity of 20-100 mW/cm2And the wavelength of the light is 300-440 nm, or the sandwich structure device is transferred to a heating table at 60-90 ℃, the sandwich structure device is opened after heating for 0.5-2 h, and the colorless and transparent hydrogel formed by crosslinking the solution in the blank area is the carbohydrate composite polyacrylamide hydrogel.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polysaccharide in step 2 is trehalose, agarose, dextran, mannose, erythrose, threose, arabinose, xylose, lyxose, galactan.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent in step 3 is N, N' -methylenebisacrylamide, polyethylene glycol diacrylate or diethyl [ 2-methacryloxy ] phosphate; the initiator is ammonium persulfate, potassium persulfate, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1- [4- (2-hydroxyethoxy) phenyl ] -1-acetone or alpha-ketoglutaric acid.
4. A saccharide-based polyacrylamide hydrogel produced by the method of claim 1.
5. The carbohydrate-containing polyacrylamide hydrogel according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogel is stretched to 20 times its original length, and then releases the tensile force, and the deformation recovery time is 0.001-0.5 min; the deformation caused by needling to 95% does not generate damage traces; in a tearing test, an incision with the edge of 1 mm of the hydrogel still keeps the original shape after being stretched for 10000 times in a reciprocating manner and cannot be extended; the flexibility can be kept under the condition of-20 ℃; the adhesive strength of the hydrogel and the rubber surface at normal temperature is at least 1000N/m, and the adhesive strength of the hydrogel and the human skin is at least 500N/m.
6. The use of the saccharide-compounded polyacrylamide hydrogel according to claim 4 in medical patches and freeze-resistant masks.
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| CN115386259A (en) * | 2022-09-28 | 2022-11-25 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Anti-dry and anti-freezing photosensitive hydrogel ink, preparation method thereof, high-precision photocured hydrogel and application thereof |
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