CN110959357A - Saline-alkali-resistant wheat seeding base fertilizer application method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali-resistant wheat seeding base fertilizer application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110959357A CN110959357A CN201911343359.8A CN201911343359A CN110959357A CN 110959357 A CN110959357 A CN 110959357A CN 201911343359 A CN201911343359 A CN 201911343359A CN 110959357 A CN110959357 A CN 110959357A
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- soil
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- cyperus esculentus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a seeding base fertilizer application method for saline-alkali resistant wheat, belongs to the field of crop planting, and particularly aims at low survival rate of wheat planted in saline-alkali soil. Has important significance for planting crops such as wheat and the like in North China (especially yellow river delta).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planting wheat on saline-alkali soil, belonging to the technical field of agriculture.
Background
The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil are the focus of sustainable development research of agriculture in China at present. The salinization area and degree of land show the trend of expanding year by year, and the form is very severe. The saline-alkali soil has high content of soluble salts, usually has extremely low content of organic matters, has poor soil structure, often has white salt deposition on the soil surface, is not beneficial to the growth and development of plants, and hinders the high-efficiency utilization of the soil and the sustainable development of agriculture. The saline-alkali soil is mainly distributed in plains and basins in northern China, particularly in yellow river delta in large area, and has high salt-alkali degree and great improvement difficulty. The existing saline-alkali soil improvement modes mainly comprise two methods of chemical improvement (gypsum, phosphogypsum and calcium superphosphate) and water conservancy improvement (light pressure salt accumulation and irrigation salt washing). But all have a plurality of disadvantages, chemical improvement can increase sulfate ions in soil and metal ions enter a soil ecosystem; the water conservancy improvement can further aggravate the water resource shortage in the arid region, cause the low utilization efficiency of water resources, threaten the sustainable development of economy and ecology, and cause the salinization of the water body to greatly influence the wetland and fresh water system.
Cyperus esculentus, also known as Cyperus esculentus, is a herbaceous plant of the family Cyperus, originally produced in Africa and Mediterranean coasts, and distributed in all continents except the oceania and Antarctica. The cyperus esculentus has the characteristics of waterlogging tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, high content of oil starch and the like, shows the characteristics of good adaptability, strong stress resistance, outstanding yield, excellent oil quality and the like, and is one of the excellent economic crops planted in saline-alkali soil.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the saline-alkali soil crop planting, the invention provides a simple and efficient method for planting wheat in saline-alkali soil.
A method for planting wheat in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out rotary tillage, fertilization and soil preparation in 3 and 4 months, and planting cyperus esculentus;
(2) harvesting in 7-8 months, turning the root and leaves of the cyperus esculentus into soil, fertilizing, marking, sealing soil and conserving;
(3) and planting winter wheat at the marked place.
Wherein the width of the cyperus esculentus is 20cm, the depth of the cyperus esculentus is 20cm, ridges are formed, the width of the ridges is 60cm, hole sowing is adopted, the hole depth is 4-5 cm, each hole is 3 seeds, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm.
Wherein the cyperus esculentus is planted by film-covered drip irrigation.
Wherein, the cyperus esculentus is planted and subjected to salt stress treatment, and concretely, the plant ash leachate is adopted for soaking seeds and accelerating germination for 12 hours; the preparation method of the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: adding water into the plant ash according to the material-liquid ratio of 1g to 10mL, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40-50min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered solution, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, and keeping the temperature and stirring for 40 min.
Wherein, the fertilizer applied in the step (2) is a microorganism base fertilizer, which is specifically to perform individual amplification culture and to mix the microorganism base fertilizer with the microorganism base fertilizer according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1, the number of the strains prepared by mixing is more than or equal to 4.6 multiplied by 107One/ml liquid microbial base fertilizer.
Wherein, ATMP is added into the microbial base fertilizer, and the dosage is 10-30 mg/L.
The cyperus esculentus is a cyperus plant of the cyperaceae, has a rich and developed root system, the fibrous roots of each root can reach 300-500 roots, the depth of the root penetrating into the soil reaches 40-60cm, a large amount of fibrous roots, stems and leaves of the cyperus esculentus after being harvested are turned into the soil, large-area land preparation is not carried out, and microbial fertilizer is applied in situ only, and the ground is turned over and deeply loosened to be used as the base soil of wheat.
The cyperus esculentus improves the soil moisture process through the huge root system distribution: the developed root system increases the infiltration of soil, is beneficial to drip irrigation and rainwater in summer to drip irrigation and infiltration, thereby realizing 'desalination'; the harvested root system and stem leaves are left in the soil to be converted into humus, so that the original soil is replaced, the fertilizer retention property and the water absorption are enhanced, the water is not deposited on the ground surface, and the salt return is avoided.
The saline-alkali soil has higher salt content on the surface due to the special geomorphic environment. By means of in-situ rotation, wheat grows on saline-alkali soil improved by cyperus esculentus and humus of cyperus esculentus, similar to the way of planting in a 'flowerpot'. The saline soil hardening of the saline-alkali soil of the yellow river delta can not affect the normal rooting and growth.
The invention has the beneficial effects
(1) The rotation method of the invention improves the utilization rate of the saline-alkali soil, reduces the waste of fresh water resources, avoids metal ions from entering a soil ecosystem, can keep water and soil, and can realize land improvement;
(2) according to the invention, wheat is planted in the saline-alkali soil in an in-situ rotation manner, the yield of the wheat is improved, and the influence of the saline-alkali soil on the wheat yield per mu is reduced;
(3) the cyperus esculentus planted by the method improves the salt and alkali conditions of soil to a certain extent, and has certain economic value.
Detailed Description
1. Soil preparation
The cyperus esculentus can grow well in sandy soil with the salt content within 3 per mill, and the emphasis is on reducing the salinity and alkalinity of the soil in the soil preparation process. The method comprises the following steps of (1) ploughing twice during planting of the saline-alkali soil, wherein the first ploughing is carried out in autumn of the previous year, and the ploughing depth is required to be 20-25 cm; the second plowing is carried out in the middle ten days of March, shallow plowing is carried out for 10cm, harrowing is carried out as thin as possible, dragging is carried out as flat as possible, soil moisture can be preserved, drought can be prevented, rotten farmyard manure is applied for land preparation for 2500 kg/mu, and the overall quality of land preparation is optimized by loosening, moistening, leveling, deep plowing and fine crushing.
2. Seed treatment
The seed consumption amount of the cyperus esculentus is 8-10 kg/mu, and seeds are treated before planting. The specific treatment process is as follows:
(1) selecting full, large-stem and large-fruit, mildew-free and worm-corrosion-free cyperus esculentus seeds, and drying the seeds in the sun for 1-2 days before sowing to improve the germination capacity and the germination vigor;
(2) the cyperus esculentus seeds are soaked in plant ash leachate for germination acceleration for 12 hours, so that the germination rate and the salt tolerance of the cyperus esculentus are improved;
the method for leaching the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: adding water into the plant ash according to the material-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40-50min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered solution, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, and keeping the temperature and stirring for 40 min;
3. sowing mode
Mulching film is used for planting, which is favorable for seedling emergence. And (4) carrying out drip irrigation under the film by using the laid drip irrigation tape after sowing.
4. Seeding time
The planting time of the cyperus esculentus is 3, 4 to 7 months per year, the cyperus esculentus can be sown when the local temperature reaches more than 15 ℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 20 to 30 ℃.
5. Management of field
6. Harvesting
When the overground stem leaves of the cyperus esculentus are 2/3 withered yellow, underground seeds become yellow brown and can be harvested when the underground seeds are harder.
7. Soil turning and deep loosening
Directly turning the harvested cyperus esculentus into soil, applying wheat microbial base fertilizer, deeply loosening, marking positions, sealing soil and conserving;
the microbial base fertilizer is specifically characterized in that the microbial base fertilizer is subjected to individual amplification culture and is mixed with the microorganism according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1, the number of the strains prepared by mixing is more than or equal to 4.6 multiplied by 107Adding ATMP into the prepared microbial agent with the dosage of 10-30mg/L to prepare the stable liquid fertilizer.
8. And planting winter wheat at the marked position.
Example 2
The liquid microbial base fertilizer is not added with ATMP, and other steps are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 1
Common decomposed farmyard manure is used for fertilization in the step (2), and other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Blank control group A
The winter wheat is directly planted without any operation.
Blank control group B
After the cyperus esculentus is planted, the wheat is planted in a large-area rotary tillage soil preparation and fertilization mode, the ridge width of the wheat is 50cm, the ridge surface is 30cm, the ridge height is 20cm, the plant spacing is 30cm, and the row spacing is 50 cm.
Blank control group C
Planting other crops such as corn, and planting winter wheat after receiving. The common two-year-triple-cropping planting mode of Shandong.
And (4) testing an experimental result:
six test plots (six acres in total) were selected and were individually prepared according to example 1, example 2, comparative example 1, and blank A, B, C. Based on the wheat yield of the blank control group A, the final yield of the other groups was calculated compared to A.
The yield results were as follows:
note: in the blank control group C, due to the planting of the corn, although the yield of the wheat is not improved, the utilization rate of the land is provided, and the economic value is improved.
Claims (6)
1. A method for planting wheat in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out rotary tillage, fertilization and soil preparation in 3 and 4 months, and planting cyperus esculentus;
(2) harvesting in 7-8 months, turning the root and leaves of the cyperus esculentus into soil, fertilizing, marking, sealing soil and conserving;
(3) and planting winter wheat at the marked place.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus has the furrow width of 20cm, the depth of 20cm and ridge width of 60cm, and the hole depth of 4-5 cm is adopted by hole sowing, each hole has 3 grains, the row spacing is 40cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus is planted by mulching drip irrigation.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus is planted and subjected to salt stress treatment, in particular to seed soaking and germination acceleration for 12 hours by using plant ash leachate; the preparation method of the plant ash leaching solution comprises the following steps: adding water into the plant ash according to the material-liquid ratio of 1g to 10mL, adding ammonium persulfate accounting for 0.2-0.3% of the mass of the plant ash, stirring and soaking for 40-50min, adding starch with the same mass as the plant ash into the filtered solution, raising the temperature to 45-50 ℃, and keeping the temperature and stirring for 40 min.
5. The method of claim 1The method is characterized in that the fertilizer applied in the step (2) is a microorganism base fertilizer, specifically, the microorganism base fertilizer is subjected to individual amplification culture, and the microorganism base fertilizer are mixed according to the proportion of 2: 1: 1, the number of the strains prepared by mixing is more than or equal to 4.6 multiplied by 107One/ml liquid microbial base fertilizer.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein ATMP is added to the microbial base fertilizer in an amount of 10-30 mg/L.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112219487A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-15 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for ecological restoration of wind-blown sand or saline-alkali soil by using guide grass |
| CN113203696A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-03 | 塔里木大学 | Hyperspectrum-based method for detecting change of cyperus esculentus leaf area under saline water irrigation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112219487A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-01-15 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Method for ecological restoration of wind-blown sand or saline-alkali soil by using guide grass |
| CN113203696A (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2021-08-03 | 塔里木大学 | Hyperspectrum-based method for detecting change of cyperus esculentus leaf area under saline water irrigation |
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Application publication date: 20200407 |