CN102771302A - Method for increasing volume of low-yield land by crop rotation of wheat straw hoods - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for increasing the volume of the low-yield land by crop rotation of wheat straw hoods. The method comprises the steps of a. planting vetiveria zizanioides; b. initially improving the low-yield land; c. planting crops; and d. repeating the steps a, b and c. After three crop rotation periods are finished, the low-yield land can be improved to be medium-yield land. The biomass liveweight of the ground part of the vetiveria zizanioides is large and reaches 58-100t/ha, the full doses of C, N, P and K of the stems and leaf branches in 1kg of vetiveria zizanioides are respectively 422g, 17.4g, 0.5g and 7.5g, so that the stems are decomposed in the soil naturally to play the roles of improving fertility, and improving the oil structure. Meanwhile, the stems of the vetiveria zizanioides are paved on the ground to play the roles of conserving water resources, and preventing rainwater from washing the soil. After the crop rotation of the vetiveria zizanioides, the soil is soft, and the workability of soil is enhanced; the soil fertility (organic nitrogen content) is improved by 60%; the water content of the soil is improved by 30%; the runoff of the oil is reduced by 40%; the grain is increased by 50% in the drought weather, and is increased by 20% in the regular year.

Description

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method

Technical field

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting method and technology field, particularly a kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method.

Technical background

Low-yield land soil is meant bad or interior one or more obstruction factors that exist of the soil body of soil environment factor, has influenced the soil productivity performance, thereby has caused one type of low and unstable arable soil of crop yield.The low-yield land type is a lot, as saline land, diffusing wasteland, marshland, wetland or the like.According to the data that " Chinese cropping system zoning " provides, 100,000,000 hectares of arable lands, the whole nation, middle-and-low-yielding fields account for about 20%.China's population is increasing at present, and arable area is reducing, and following grain security must lean on the quality of these middle-and-low-yielding fields to improve, and the raising of per unit area yield guarantees.The subject matter of low-yield land is that the soil is barren, and the soil organic nutrient content is low, and edaphon quantity is few, and the soil graininess is poor, and basic water conservancy projects is poor, severe water and soil erosion, and the plantation crop yield is low.The main direction of low-yield land raising the output improvement is the raising the output of fostering and apply fertilizer, and builds water conservancy projects, and prevents erosion.

The technology for making of low-yield land land reform has all over China been carried out fruitful research, and the increasing yield of fostering and apply fertilizer of part technology has been carried out effective exploration.The technical measures of improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields can be summarized as two aspects, the one, engineering, the 2nd, agronomic technique at present.The engineering reconstruction low-yield land comprises the water conservancy projects construction, canal system is supporting and anti-seepage of channels engineering, little hydraulic engineering construction and reinforce aspects such as utilization, transforming slope into terrace technology, water-saving irrigation project technology.The problem that the engineering reconstruction middle-and-low-yielding fields exist is to invest to take effect greatly slowly, and simple engineering can not increase fertility of land.Only engineered need of general per hectare dropped into 2250～3700 yuan of materials costs, and transformation process also need be paid a large amount of labours, and difficulty is big.China is a developing country, limited fund, and this investment strategy does not meet China's national situation.Though engineering can regular soil, prevents soil loss, and can not increase soil fertility.Agronomic technique is transformed low-yield land and is comprised aspects such as technique of balanced fertilizer, crop cover degree technology, farming technique, plantation plant hedge.Agronomic technique effect aspect raising low-yield soil fertility is remarkable, but is preventing soil loss, and water conservation aspect effect is not good enough.Therefore, having only combines engineering and agronomic technique could fundamentally improve the fertility in soil, really accomplishes to improve the effect of low-yield land.

Summary of the invention

To the deficiency of above low-yield land improving technology, the present invention intends and proposes a kind of can preventing soil loss, again can water conservation, and not only economy but also the low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method that can increase soil fertility.

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: press contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45～55cm, line-spacing 65～75cm in the diffusing wasteland and the slope of needs improvement 1 year 4～May;

B. tentatively improvement: slicing off top, root meadow winter is the stem stalk, and being tiled in needs surface, improvement plot, and light pressure of digging, and makes the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; 1 year vetiver self-sow slices off top, root meadow (stem stalk) October, and being tiled in after the pulverizing needs the improvement plot, ploughs with Rotary tillage rake, the vetiver portion of tillering routed up transport it with perhaps being planted in the field bund limit;

C. plant plant: the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; The 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat is accomplished one time the rotation cycle;

D. repeat the a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle finish, can the low-yield land improvement be middle product field.

The present invention is a kind of army provisions interplanting mode improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields technology.Said " grain " is meant " cereal crops are like wheat, paddy rice, corn " etc.; Said " grass " is meant " vetiver "; Said " middle-and-low-yielding fields " are meant rural area " wasteland of loosing " and " fit and plough the hillside fields "; Said " wheel operation mode " is meant that " vetiver and cereal crops carry out crop rotation, adopt " crop rotation in 4 years two " pattern.Vetiver (Veti veria z i zanioides) is a herbaceos perennial, and vetiver is shaky, usually just by dividing root and stem of certain plants breeding.General plantation in spring just can produce in a large number then and tiller.Vetiver through annual growth can grow up to capable 75% the careless Li that reaches of envelope, plays interception rainwash and silt, and effect conserves water and soil.Vetiver acrial part biomass is big, can reach 58-100t/ha, and full dose C, N, P, K that every kg vetiver cauline leaf is done are respectively 422g, 17.4g, 0.5g, 7.5g, so stem stalk natural decomposition in soil plays the increase fertility, improve the effect of soil structure.Cus-cus grass blade stalk is tiled in the effect that ground is also played water conservation, prevented rain drop erosion soil simultaneously.The root of vetiver can stretch into 2～3 meters in soil; Maximum rhizosphere diameter can reach 1.5 meters, in soil layer, forms one closely knit " net of root system ", not only can soil layer firmly be tied; Just as in soil layer, squeezing into ten million pile; Play the effect of water and soil conservation, can also play the effect of the graininess of improving the soil, become the soil of living to dead soil.Vetiver has rhizobium, and effectively fixed nitrogen increases soil fertility.After the vetiver crop rotation, it is soft that soil becomes, and workability of soil strengthens; Soil fertility (organic nitrogen content) can improve 60%; Soil moisture content improves 30%; Soil runoff decreased 40%; Dry year increases in grain production 50%, normal time increases in grain production 20%.

Embodiment

A kind of low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: press contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45～55cm, line-spacing 65～75cm in the diffusing wasteland and the slope of needs improvement 1 year 4～May;

B. tentatively improvement: slicing off top, root meadow winter is the stem stalk, and being tiled in needs surface, improvement plot, and light pressure of digging, and makes the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; 1 year vetiver self-sow slices off top, root meadow (stem stalk) October, and being tiled in after the pulverizing needs the improvement plot, ploughs with Rotary tillage rake, the vetiver portion of tillering routed up transport it with perhaps being planted in the field bund limit;

C. plant plant: the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; The 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat is accomplished one time the rotation cycle;

D. repeat the a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle finish, can the low-yield land improvement be middle product field.

The present invention is a kind of army provisions interplanting mode improvement middle-and-low-yielding fields technology.Said " grain " is meant " cereal crops are like wheat, paddy rice, corn " etc.; Said " grass " is meant " vetiver "; Said " middle-and-low-yielding fields " are meant rural area " wasteland of loosing " and " fit and plough the hillside fields "; Said " wheel operation mode " is meant that " vetiver and cereal crops carry out crop rotation, adopt " crop rotation in 4 years two " pattern.Vetiver (Veti veria z i zanioides) is a herbaceos perennial, and vetiver is shaky, usually just by dividing root and stem of certain plants breeding.General plantation in spring just can produce in a large number then and tiller.Vetiver through annual growth can grow up to capable 75% the careless Li that reaches of envelope, plays interception rainwash and silt, and effect conserves water and soil.Cus-cus grass blade stalk natural decomposition in soil plays the increase fertility, improves the effect of soil structure; Cus-cus grass blade stalk is tiled in the effect that ground is also played water conservation, prevented rain drop erosion soil simultaneously.The root of vetiver can stretch into 2～3 meters in soil; Maximum rhizosphere diameter can reach 1.5 meters, in soil layer, forms one closely knit " net of root system ", not only can soil layer firmly be tied; Just as in soil layer, squeezing into ten million pile; Play the effect of water and soil conservation, can also play the effect of the graininess of improving the soil, become the soil of living to dead soil.Vetiver has rhizobium, and effectively fixed nitrogen increases soil fertility.After the vetiver crop rotation, it is soft that soil becomes, and workability of soil strengthens; Soil fertility (content of organic matter) can improve 64%; Soil moisture content improves 78.1%; Increases in grain production 64.5%.

Table 1 after rotation cycle the dark soil property of low-yield land and microorganism species change

Table 2 after rotation cycle the dark soil fertility of low-yield land 0-20cm and grain yield (wheat+corn) analyze

Claims (1)

1. low-yield land wheat straw crop rotation raising the output method, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:

A. plant and plant vetiver: press contour dense planting vetiver, spacing in the rows 45～55cm, line-spacing 65～75cm in the diffusing wasteland and the slope of needs improvement 1 year 4～May;

B. tentatively improvement: slicing off top, root meadow winter is the stem stalk, and being tiled in needs surface, improvement plot, and light pressure of digging, and makes the slowly dry rot of stem stalk; 1 year vetiver self-sow slices off top, root meadow stem stalk October, and being tiled in after the pulverizing needs the improvement plot, ploughs with Rotary tillage rake, the vetiver portion of tillering routed up transport it with perhaps being planted in the field bund limit;

C. plant plant: the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; The 3rd year summer maize planting, normal fertilizing management; In October, the 3rd, the back sowing wheat of ploughing, normal fertilizing management; In June, the 4th, getting wheat is accomplished one time the rotation cycle;

D. repeat the a.b.c step, after 3 rotation cycle finish, can the low-yield land improvement be middle product field.