CN108738457A - A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil - Google Patents
A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108738457A CN108738457A CN201810633898.4A CN201810633898A CN108738457A CN 108738457 A CN108738457 A CN 108738457A CN 201810633898 A CN201810633898 A CN 201810633898A CN 108738457 A CN108738457 A CN 108738457A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/50—Cotton
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of synthesis improvement methods suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil, it is integrated with to level land and eliminates salt accumulation in surface soil, straw-returning improves soil body structure blocks salinity rising passway, applying organic manure and Optimum fertilizing soil promote salt tolerance of crops, it ploughs deeply soil and adjusts particle composition retardance salinity rising, it increases modifying agent and creates less salt rhizosphere environment, stalks mulching prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the multiple technologies such as Rational Irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching desalination from innovating.Using the technology of the present invention, straw light can be implemented to preceding crop and simplify quick direct returning to farmland, mitigate peasant's labor intensity, made full use of stalk nutrients resource for crop utilization of lower season, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduce agriculture production cost；Separation layer is formed in the soil body, blocks underground water and lower part soil body salinity rises, reduction upper soll layer salification and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, there is improvement salt-soda soil, promotes productivity of cultivated land, volume increase abridged edition, which increases income, waits multiple actions, and economic, society and ecological environment benefit are notable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to farmland soil modifyings and soil fertility fermenting fertilizer field, and in particular to it is extremely arid that one kind being suitable for inland
The synthesis improvement method of Saline-alkali Land.
Background technology
Salinization soil is the general name of various salinization and alkali-affected soil.About 5.19 hundred million mu of China's salinized soil gross area, wherein
Up to 1.14 hundred million mu, salinization of soil occurs tilth salinization area for nearly 1/5 arable land.In various salt-soda soils, primary salinization type, secondary salt
Change type and various alkalization type distribution areas account for 52%, 40% and the 8% of the salinization soil gross area respectively.
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions is located at the western border area of motherland, is the saline-alkali soil area of Largest In China, and salinization of soil arable land is total
Area is up to 20,000,000 mu, and salinization of soil occurs for nearly 1/3 arable land, wherein 80% or more is Pedotransfer function.Except the Yilihe River
Paddy, Altay Prefecture and Tacheng some areas salinization of soil are relatively light outer, other Soils In The Regions have different degrees of salinization of soil,
Especially Tianshan Mountains southern foot, each irrigated area of western Tarim basin are the most serious, some arable lands are forced since Secondary Saline aggravates
As no longer cultivated wasteland.Here drought, precipitation is rare, and evaporation is strong, and salt accumulation in soil is more, and it is extremely arid to belong to Northwest inland
Saline-alkali soil area.
The improvement in salt-soda soil is always a global problem, and modification method mainly has Physical, water conservancy law, chemical method
And bioanalysis.It is physically improved mainly to regulate and control soil water-stable aggregates movement by changing soil physics structure, to inhibit soil evaporation, carry
Height infiltrate leaching salt effect, including level land, deep plough sun the earth which has been ploughed up, intertill loosen the soil, raise landform, microcell is improved the soil.It establishes perfect
Irrigation system and modernization drainage system, flood irrigate the major measure that the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, gutter salt discharge are water conservancy improvement.Using change
Learning modifying agent improves soil texture, and the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is accelerated to arrange alkali process, changes soluble base composition, increases base exchange and holds
Amount adjusts soil acidity or alkalinity, this is chemical modifying method.Biological modification is mainly planted trees, planting forage grass and cultivation are planted
Saline alkali tolerant plant and use microbial-bacterial fertilizer etc., salt-tolerant plant utilizes biological drainage lowering of watertable, improves ground mulching degree,
Evaporation from land is reduced, soil surface salification is prevented.
The above modification method has their own advantages and disadvantage：Physically improved method needs that heavy mechanical equipment, soil is used to turn over
Dynamic more, quantities is big；Water conservancy improvement needs to build large-scale irrigation and drainage system, and investment is big, the period is long；Chemical modifying method is suitable only for few
Plot is measured, large-area applications are not only of high cost, and prolonged application also will produce toxic side effect；Simple biological modification method effect is not
Obviously.In short, these methods are not only put into, big, the improvement period is long and it is necessary to which integrated application could obtain certain improvement effect
Fruit.
Some entity and individual of the country have had submitted the patent application of saline and alkali land improvement method at present, and never Tongfang faces
China's alkaline land improving proposes constructive suggestions, includes modifying agent improvement salt-soda soil (the Chinese patent Shen using different cultivars
Please number CN201510951871.6), corresponding crops improvement salt-soda soil (number of patent application CN201610550624.X) of plantation,
Using agricultural crop straw the like waste fertilizing soil improvement salt-soda soil (number of patent application CN201410565240.6), build the row of filling
Hydraulic engineering is to improve salt-soda soil (number of patent application CN201710341798.X), implement engineering measure improvement salt-soda soil (application
Number CN201410083108.1) etc., wherein more using the application in modifying agent improvement salt-soda soil, while these applications lays particular emphasis on
Physics, chemistry, water conservancy, biology or some aspect of irrigation facility improvement, not only investment is big, the period is long, and improvement is of high cost,
Field also is difficult to operate, and the effect for improveing salt-soda soil is difficult to keep for a long time.
Currently, the development of China's agricultural comes into the new historical stage, and production factors and labour's situation have occurred very
Big variation.The fast development of industry and urbanization, causes China's cultivated area constantly to reduce, under Model on Sown Areas of Farm continues
Drop constitutes certain threaten to national food security.Large area salt-soda soil is improved, as standby cultivated land resource, improves salt-soda soil agriculture
Crop yield, to ensureing national food security, agricultural sustainable development and increasing peasant income being promoted to all have important function.Traditional
Saline and alkali land improvement method has been difficult to meet the requirement of modern agriculture fast development, therefore be badly in need of researching and developing new salt-soda soil and integrating changing
Good recipe method, for the extremely arid saline-alkali soil area's feature in Xinjiang inland and social economy's present situation, realize the light letter of alkaline land improving, efficiently and
Sustainable target, to adapt to the new situations of modern agricultural development.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of synthesis improvement methods suitable for inland pole arid area Saline-alkali Field Control, are integrated with flat
The micro- highland build-up technique of soil salt is eliminated in whole soil, straw-returning improvement soil structure blocks salinity rises technology, using having
Machine fertilizer fertilizing soil promotes salt tolerance of crops technology, Optimum balanced soil nutrient mitigates perniciousness harm crop technology,
Adjusting soil particle composition obstruction salinity is ploughed deeply to move up technology, create less salt microenvironment rhizosphere soil skill using efficient improver
Art, Rational Irrigation reinforce soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching desalting technology, stalks mulching prevents soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil technology, plantation saline-alkali tolerant green manure improvement salt
Alkali technology, crop science wheel make adjustments soil water movement and reduce salt accumulation in soil technology etc. and innovate.
The method of the present invention includes operating procedure in detail below：
(1) it levels land, eliminates salt accumulation in surface soil condition：Annual winter or slack season in spring, in conjunction with land item
Mesh is arranged and is leveled land using large-scale temper mill, soil is bulldozed, and eliminates cheuch and Gao Gang, and soil is flat in same plot
Whole, slope control prevents moisture from salinity being driven to migrate to micro- highland, the landform for eliminating salt accumulation in surface soil is micro- in 1/1000-2/1000
Domain condition.Autumn plants the field of wheat, and prepartion of land work need to be completed before site preparation and fertilization.
(2) straw-returning improves soil structures, blocks salinity rising passway：Using preceding crop stalk, such as wheat or
Maize straw implements stalk and crushes direct returning to farmland, improves soil body Poor structure, the channel that cut-out soil capillary water rises, retardance
Underground water and lower part soil body salinity rise, and reduce upper soll layer salt accumulation amount.The field for planting wheat after wheat maturation, makes
With the combine harvester getting wheat with cutter device, wheat stalk is cut to 5-10cm length while harvest, is retained
The arrish of 10-12cm height；Implement Stalk organic manure.Wheat stalk in heaps is spread out with farm implements and is spread fertilizer over the fields uniformly；
Increase urea 50-60kg/hm2, it is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields comprehensively on the wheat stalk of returning to the field, finally making to be turned over to be embedded in below soil
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of stalk be adjusted to 25-30:1；Increase stalk quick composting agent 50-60kg/hm2, accelerate stalk and rot to degrade.Winter
The salt-soda soil that wheat is not planted in season leisure can move into stalk from neighbouring field, be 2000-3000kg/hm suitable for crop-residue incorporation2,
Returning to the field process is with reference to above-mentioned steps.Before autumn wheat planting, implements maize straw direct returning to farmland, specifically can refer to wheat stalk also
Field method is carried out with process.
(3) applying organic manure, fertilizing soil promote salt tolerance of crops：It increases by fully decomposed various domestic animals
20~30t/hm of the livestock and poultry muck such as poultry high-quality organic fertilizer such as sheep manure, pig manure, chicken manure, cow dung, horsehit2Or organic commercial fertilizer
3000kg/hm2, vegetable soil, fertile arable layer, raising Content of available nutrient in soils and feeder capability, promotion crop stalwartness are given birth to
It is long, promote crop tolerance to salt alkali and salinity and alkalinity resistance.
(4) Optimum and N-fertilizer management, balanced soil nutrient mitigate the saline and alkaline injury to crop according to long-term cropping kind
Class, breediness and regulation of fertilizer requirement, alkaline land soil nutrient situation and feeder capability, coordinate again on the basis of application of organic fertilizers
Using chemical fertilizer, implement organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer compounding application；Using High Efficient nitrogen administrative skill, correction and balance soil nutrient,
Good nutrient condition is created for crop growth, mitigates the saline and alkaline harm to crop.The corn time of infertility, base manure 15-
The composite fertilizer 600-750kg/hm of 15-15 N P and Ks total nutrient content 45%2；Top dressing urea, in corn jointing stage and big loudspeaker
The mouth phase imposes, and dosage is respectively 60-90kg/hm2And 180-210kg/hm2.The wheat time of infertility applies fertilizer, base manure 15-15-
The compound 450-600kg/hm of 15 N P and K total nutrient contents 45%2；Top dressing urea, chases after in wheat during jointing stage and boot stage
It applies, dosage is respectively 90-120kg/hm2And 60-90kg/hm2。
(5) soil is ploughed deeply, topsoil particle composition is adjusted, salinity is stopped and moves up：
After basal dressing, soil is ploughed deeply with the tractor with trench plow, topsoil clay loam below is turned over plough and is come up, thickeies and ploughs
Make layer, increase topsoil clay content, adjusts soil particle composition；Ploughed depth 22-25cm turns over button and turns up soil tightly, by 90-95%'s
Crop material, which turns over, to be embedded in the plough horizon of 18-20cm.Leveling rake is thin after ploughing, and sows crop.
(6) new and effective microenvironment improvements agent is applied, less salt rhizosphere soil is created：
Crop after planting, in using high-effective saline-alkali microenvironment improvements agent product in the ranks, adjust alkaline land soil moisture and
Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil process improves Soil Micro-environment, creates less salt rhizosphere soil；Modifying agent Optimum is 150-180kg/hm2。
(7) stalks mulching prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil：
After crop insemination and emergence, in the ranks by preceding crop improving straw mulching to long-term cropping, soil water evaporation is reduced, is prevented
The soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
(8) Rational Irrigation reinforces the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and desalination：
Local water resource is made full use of, in the crop water critical period, using the novel water-savings irrigation technique such as under-film drip irrigation
Implement brackish water and fresh water mixture is irrigated.Broad irrigation is eliminated, while ensureing moisture supply, in conjunction with draining ditch water discharge, drop
Low groundwater level prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil after irrigating.It is poured water using rainy season precipitation and large dosage, elutes upper layer of soil salinity, promoted
Make Soil Desalting, reduce surface soil salinity, improves salt-soda soil.Summer flooding season flood diversion for irrigation, reference water containing silt fill
Salt-soda soil is irrigate, deposited one layer of silt year by year in soil originally, and ground is accordingly raised, and the salinity in soil layer gradually decreases.
(9) saline-alkali tolerant green manure is planted, salt-soda soil is improved：
The serious plot of soil salinization degree or winter-spring season free time leisure field, plant the green manure of saline-alkali tolerant, real
Green manuring direct returning to farmland improves soil physical and chemical property, fertilizing improvement salt-soda soil.
(10) science crop rotation adjusts soil moisture, reduces salification：
Implement the crop rotation of various crops science or cotton-soybean, the corns-such as cotton-wheat, cotton-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, cotton-vegetables
Soybean Intercropping is interplanted, and is increase soil fertility, and soil physical property is improved, and adjusts and control soil water-stable aggregates move, reduce soil and return
Salt and salinity are gathered to arable layer.
It can implement straw light using the technology of the present invention method, after crop harvest and simplify quick direct returning to farmland, mitigate peasant's labor
Fatigue resistance makes full use of stalk nutrients resource, discharges N P and K and middle trace element for crop utilization of lower season, improves fertilizer utilization
Rate reduces applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduces agriculture production cost；Separation layer is formed in the soil body, blocks underground water and lower part soil body salinity
Rise, reduce the salt accumulation in soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, increases vegetation coverage, environmental protection；Deepen farming layer thickness simultaneously, improves improvement of soil fertility
Soil fertility improves the soil organism and available nutrient content, and crumb structure is promoted to be formed, and improves soil physical property, adjusts soil
Moisture Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil improves salt-soda soil fertilizer and water conservation capacity, enhances feeder capability, creates the soil of a deep fertile less salt alkali
Arable layer microenvironment improves crop yield, promotes agricultural sustainable development.
The inland pole arid area salt-soda soil synthesis improvement method of the present invention, particular for Xinjiang inland pole arid area
Climatic characteristic, edaphic condition and scarcely populated socioeconomic status improve salt-soda soil using effective integrated technology.With
Existing alkaline land improving technology is compared, and " leveling land, eliminate the microrelief condition that salinity moves up accumulation ", " stalk are increased
Direct returning to farmland coordinates soil deep tillage to improve soil structures, forms separation layer, and cut-out soil capillary water rises, and blocks allochthonous deposit on salinity
Poly- surface layer technology ", " applying organic manure fertilizing soil, Optimum and N-fertilizer management balanced soil nutrient mitigate perniciousness harm and make
Object technology " and " apply new and effective microenvironment soil conditioner, adjust soil moisture and Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil, improve Soil Micro-environment,
The methods of creation less salt rhizosphere environment " and technological means, adjust soil moisture and Salt movement, reduce salinity and move up accumulation
Upper soll layer, reduction topsoil salt content, the available nutrients content such as increase N P and K, improvement soil physical property, culture fertility,
Salt-soda soil is improved, soil body retain water and nutrients ability is improved, enhances feeder capability, it is loose fertile low for crop growth creation one
The arable layer microenvironment of salinity promotes crop growth, improves yield；It overcomes conventional saline and alkali land improvement method and lacks fertilizing
It causes that the surface layer raw-soil is excessive, nutrient is deficient and uneven caused crop failure, avoids common straw-returning stalk and accumulate in
Upper soll layer influences crop seeding and is difficult to form separation layer again that the drawbacks of salinity moves up cannot be blocked, and reduces crop straw burning,
Environmental pollution is alleviated, has and recycles stalk and organic fertilizer nutrients resource, farming area in Zuogong soil, improves salt-soda soil, is promoted
Productivity of cultivated land, volume increase abridged edition such as increase income and preserve the ecological environment the multiple effects.
The saline and alkali land improvement method of the present invention is suitable for Xinjiang inland pole arid area and the similar area of other conditions.By
The ground such as Pishan county are tested for many years and Shihezi and Hami City, the Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang, Ningxia Shizuishan and Wuzhong
The demonstration and popularization and application in multiple areas of counties and cities such as city, fertilizing improvement salt-soda soil significant effect.It is extremely arid using the present invention-inland
Saline-alkali Land comprehensive improvement technology, the cereal crops emergence rate such as corn improve 18.1~23.9%, and plant height increases
16.4%, spike length increases by 11.7~17.2%, and fringe slightly increases by 15.6%, output increased 10~20%, increase income 1500~2000 yuan/
hm2；The industrial crops emergence rate such as cotton and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers improves 15~20%, and volume increase 15~30% increases income 3600~5100 yuan/hm2；
Soil pH develops to neutral direction, and organic matter increases 7.6%, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 9.1%, and available phosphorus improves 6.7%, and available potassium increases
Long 7.9%, topsoil salt content declines 18.7%.Nitrogenous fertilizer agronomy efficiency obviously increases, and utilization rate of fertilizer significantly improves.Make in salt-soda soil
Object and vegetation coverage improve, and moisture and nutrient loss are reduced, and ecological environment benefit is notable.
Specific implementation mode
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
A kind of application effect-maize field contrast test (place of the method in improvement inland pole arid area salt-soda soil：
Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions Pishan County).
It is saline moist soil for examination soil, salt content is medium, and organic matter and available state npk nutrient content are relatively low, beautiful
Rice low output and it is unstable, for typical case salinization soil.
A kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil, including following operating procedure：
(1) it levels land, eliminates salt accumulation in surface soil condition：Before 3~May corn planting, at local transit facility, in advance
Select 1 fertility is uniform, irrigation and drainage easily in low yield salt-soda soil, 3-5 mus of area.It is a width 50cm high 20cm's in centre
Ridge is classified as two pieces, and one ofly as a contrast, according to routine operation maize planting, in addition plot is as improvement
Experimental field, it arranges and levels land using temper mill, soil is bulldozed, for slope control in 1/1000-2/1000, field is maximum
The control of relative elevation difference prevents moisture from salinity being driven to migrate to micro- highland, eliminates the micro- domain item of landform of salt accumulation in surface soil in 10-12cm
Part.
(2) straw-returning improves soil structures, and salinity is blocked to rise：After the prepartion of land of experimental plot, using 3000kg/hm2
Wheat stalk implements stalk and crushes direct returning to farmland, improves soil body Poor structure, the channel that cut-out soil capillary water rises, retardance
Salinity rises, and reduces surface soil salinity accumulation.Wheat stalk is shredded to 5-10cm length, spread out with farm implements and is spread fertilizer over the fields
It is even.Increase urea 30kg/hm2, wheat stalk carbon-nitrogen ratio is adjusted to 25-30:1.Chemical fertilizer is uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields above stalk.
(3) applying organic manure, fertilizing soil promote salt tolerance of crops：Increase the formation of the domestic animals such as decomposed oxen and horses sheep
High-quality organic manure 30t/hm2, vegetable soil, fertile arable layer, raising Content of available nutrient in soils and feeder capability, promotion are made
Object robust growth promotes crop tolerance to salt alkali and salinity and alkalinity resistance.
(4) Optimum and N-fertilizer management, balanced soil nutrient mitigate the saline and alkaline injury to crop：According to maize planting
Breediness and regulation of fertilizer requirement, alkaline land soil nutrient situation and feeder capability, coordinate on the basis of application of organic fertilizers and apply again
With the composite fertilizer 600kg/hm of 15-15-15 N P and Ks total nutrient content 45%2, implement organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer compounding application,
Correction and balance soil nutrient, create good nutrient condition for crop growth, mitigate the saline and alkaline harm to corn.Using
High Efficient nitrogen administrative skill, Maize at Seedling Stage and typhon mouth phase impose urea 90 and 210kg/hm respectively2。
(5) soil is ploughed deeply, topsoil particle composition is adjusted, salinity is stopped and moves up：After base manure, with drawing with trench plow
Machine ploughs deeply soil, and topsoil clay loam below is turned over plough and is come up, and thickeies arable layer, increases topsoil clay content, adjusts soil
Grain composition；Ploughed depth 22-25cm turns over button and turns up soil tightly, the wheat stalk of 90-95% is turned over to the soil cultivation for being embedded in 18-20cm
In layer.Leveling rake is thin after turning over, seeding corn.
(6) new and effective microenvironment improvements agent is applied, less salt rhizosphere soil is created：In the ranks after corn seeding, application
150kg/hm2New and effective salt-soda soil microenvironment improvements agent adjusts alkaline land soil moisture and Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil process, improves soil
Microenvironment creates less salt rhizosphere soil.
(7) stalks mulching prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil：After emergence of corn, in the ranks by preceding crop Wheat stalk-covering to corn,
Soil water evaporation is reduced, soil moisture is kept, prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
(8) Rational Irrigation reinforces the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and desalination：Local water resource is made full use of, in corn key water requirement period, is answered
Implement brackish water with the novel water-savings irrigation technique such as under-film drip irrigation and fresh water mixture is irrigated, is reduced while ensureing moisture supply
Groundwater level prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil after irrigating.It is poured water using rainy season precipitation and large dosage, elutes upper layer of soil salinity, promote
Soil Desalting reduces surface soil salinity.
Comparative test result, using the present invention " inland alkaline land improving " technology, corn emergence rate improve 18.1~
23.9%, whole process grows vigorous stalwartness, corn of the growing way significantly better than control field and surrounding peasants field.Harvest time species test table
Bright, using this alkaline land improving technology, plant height increases 2.8cm, and tassel length increases 1.1cm, fringe perimeter thickening
0.3cm, the more 0.6 row/fringes of line number, number of grain per ear increase 22.7, and 100-grain weight weightening 0.5g, grain yield increases 1059kg/
hm2, increase production 15.1%, increase income 2330 yuan/hm2(corn price is calculated by there and then 2.20 yuan/kg of market price), concrete outcome
It is shown in Table 1.
Influence of the 1 alkaline land improving technology in inland of the present invention of table to corn growth and yield
Embodiment 2
The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers experiment of the effect 2-in " inland alkaline land improving technology " farming area in Zuogong salt-soda soil
This contrast test 2015 is oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, kind for studying object in six teacher of Production and Construction Corps of Xinjiang's agriculture, 103 progress
For new certain herbaceous plants with big flowers No. 6.Test method and implementation process are the same as embodiment 1.
After comparative test result shows " inland alkaline land improving technology " using the present invention, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers emergence rate is obviously high
In control field, is improved to 89.5% by 81.6% and improve 7.9 percentage points.Entire breeding time oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers robust growth is vigorous,
Grain Development is good, and growing way is significantly better than the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of surrounding peasants plot plantation.Harvest time surveys production, and grain yield reaches 3975kg/
hm2, the more local field volume increase 1685kg/hm not applied fertilizer2, rate of growth is up to 73.58%；" salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement is not applied
The field of technology " increases production 615kg/hm2, increase production 18.3%, increase income 5658 yuan/hm2(oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers price press local 9.20 yuan of procurement price/
Kg is calculated).It saves chemical fertilizer and puts into 510 yuan/hm2, increase production the overall economic efficiency that abridged edition increases income and be up to 6168 yuan/hm2, fertilising production
Ratio is thrown by 3.53:1 improves to 6.80:1, concrete outcome is shown in Table 2.
Influence of the 2 alkaline land improving technology in inland of the present invention of table to oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers yield and economic benefit
Embodiment 3
3-the cotton test of effect in " inland alkaline land improving technology " farming area in Zuogong salt-soda soil
This contrast test carries out in Hami city, is cotton for studying object, kind is magnificent agriculture 16.Test method and reality
Process is applied with embodiment 1.
Comparative test result shows that cotton emergence rate significantly improves using " the inland alkaline land improving technology " of the present invention,
Field investigation is averaged increase rate up to 16.5%.The middle and later periods field Cotton growth, which is also significantly better than, does not apply " salt-soda soil synthesis
The field of improving technology " and the cotton in periphery peasant plot.Seed cotton yield reaches 4755kg/hm when harvest2, relatively control increase
750kg/hm2, increase by 18.7%, increase income 5100 yuan/hm2(unginned cotton price is pressed 6.80 yuan/kg of local procurement price and is calculated).
At the same time, Cotton Soil fertility significantly improves.Harvest time, the topsoil content of organic matter do not apply " salt
The control plot of the comprehensive improving technology in alkali ground " increases 7.6%, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content increases by 9.1%, and available phosphorus improves 6.7%, quick-acting
Potassium increases by 7.9%, and arable layer salt content declines 18.7% (concrete outcome is shown in Table 3).Generally, plough horizon nutrient content is bright
Aobvious to improve, salt content reduces, and feeder capability enhancing creates preferable soil nutrient and environment item for the growth and development of cotton
Part.
Influence of the 3 alkaline land improving technology in inland of the present invention of table to output of cotton and soil nutrient content
Claims (3)
1. a kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil, which is characterized in that disappear including leveling land
Except salt accumulation in surface soil, straw-returning improves soil body structure blocks salinity rising passway, applying organic manure and Optimum fertilizing soil
Salt tolerance of crops is promoted, soil is ploughed deeply and adjusts particle composition retardance salinity rising, increase modifying agent and create less salt rhizosphere micro-loop
Border, stalks mulching prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, Rational Irrigation desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching desalination；
The specific method is as follows：
（1）It levels land, eliminates salt accumulation in surface soil condition：
Winter or slack season in spring arrange and level land using large-scale temper mill, eliminate ditch in conjunction with land project
Paddy and Gao Gang make prepartion of land, slope control prevent moisture from migrating to micro- highland in 1-2/1000, eliminate the ground of salt accumulation in surface soil
The micro- domain condition of shape；
（2）Straw-returning improves soil structures, blocks salinity rising passway：
Implement stalk such as wheat or maize straw using preceding crop stalk and crush direct returning to farmland, improve the bad knot of the soil body
Structure, the channel that cut-out soil capillary water rises, retardance salinity rise, and reduce upper soll layer salt accumulation amount；
（3）Applying organic manure, fertilizing soil promote salt tolerance of crops：
The decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer of various domestic animals and fowls or organic commercial fertilizer, curing and fertilizing soil are increased, improving soil has
Nutrient content and feeder capability are imitated, crop robust growth is promoted, promotes crop tolerance to salt alkali and salinity and alkalinity resistance；
（4）Optimum and N-fertilizer management, balanced soil nutrient mitigate the saline and alkaline injury to crop：
According to long-term cropping type, breediness and regulation of fertilizer requirement, alkaline land soil nutrient situation and feeder capability, have in application
Compounding application chemical fertilizer, implementation organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer compounding application are corrected and are balanced soil nutrient, be again on the basis of machine fertilizer
Crop growth creates good nutrient condition, mitigates the saline and alkaline harm to crop；
（5）Soil is ploughed deeply, topsoil particle composition is adjusted, salinity is stopped and moves up：
After base manure, soil is ploughed deeply with the tractor with trench plow, topsoil clay loam below is turned over plough and is come up, thickeies farming
Layer increases topsoil clay content, adjusts soil particle composition；Ploughed depth 22-25 cm turn over button and turn up soil tightly, by 90-95%'s
Crop material, which turns over, to be embedded in the plough horizon of 18-20 cm, and leveling rake is thin later, sows crop；
（6）Using new and effective microenvironment improvements agent, less salt rhizosphere soil is created：
After sowing crop, new and effective salt-soda soil microenvironment improvements agent is in the ranks being applied, soil moisture and Salt Transport Characteristics in Soil is being adjusted, changes
Kind Soil Micro-environment, creates less salt rhizosphere soil；Modifying agent Optimum is 150-180 kg/hm2；
（7）Stalks mulching prevents the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil：
After crop insemination and emergence, in the ranks by preceding crop improving straw mulching to long-term cropping, soil water evaporation is reduced, soil is prevented
The accumulation of salt in the surface soil；
（8）Rational Irrigation reinforces soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching desalination：
Local water resource is made full use of, implements brackish water using the novel water-savings irrigation technique such as under-film drip irrigation and fresh water mixture fills
It irrigates, eliminates broad irrigation, groundwater level is reduced while ensureing moisture supply, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil after irrigating, utilize rain
Seasonal rainfall and large dosage are poured water, washed off soil upper layer salinity, promote Soil Desalting, reduce surface soil salinity, and improvement is saline and alkaline
Ground；Summer flooding season flood diversion for irrigation, reference water containing silt irrigate salt-soda soil, and deposited one layer of silt in soil originally, ground
It accordingly raises, reduces soil salt；
（9）Saline-alkali tolerant green manure is planted, salt-soda soil is improved：
The serious plot of soil salinization degree or winter-spring season free time field plant the green manure of saline-alkali tolerant, implement green manure returning to the field, change
Kind soil physical and chemical property, fertilizing improvement salt-soda soil；
（10）Crop science crop rotation adjusts soil moisture, reduces salification：
Implement the various crops science crop rotations such as cotton-wheat, cotton-oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, cotton-vegetables or cotton-Soybean Intercropping interplanting,
It increases soil fertility, improves soil physical property, adjust and control soil water-stable aggregates move, reduce the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil and salinity to farming
Lamination is poly-.
2. a kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil according to claim 1, feature
It is：The straw directly returning to field refers to preceding crop straw directly returning to field, i.e.,：It is straight to implement wheat stalk when maize planting
Returning to the field is connect, implements maize straw direct returning to farmland when planting wheat.
3. a kind of synthesis improvement method suitable for inland pole arid area salt-soda soil according to claim 1, feature
It is：Step（4）In to the corn time of infertility apply fertilizer, the composite fertilizer of base manure 15-15-15 N P and Ks total nutrient content 45%
600-750 kg/hm2；Top dressing urea is imposed in corn jointing stage and typhon mouth phase, and dosage is respectively 60-90 kg/hm2
With 180-210 kg/hm2；
It applies fertilizer to the wheat time of infertility, the compound 450-600 kg/hm of base manure 15-15-15 N P and Ks total nutrient content 45%2；
Top dressing urea, imposes in wheat during jointing stage and boot stage, and dosage is respectively 90-120 kg/hm2With 60-90 kg/hm2。
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