CN105794484A - No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794484A CN105794484A CN201610302810.1A CN201610302810A CN105794484A CN 105794484 A CN105794484 A CN 105794484A CN 201610302810 A CN201610302810 A CN 201610302810A CN 105794484 A CN105794484 A CN 105794484A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a no-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: a: on the basis of the saltness of a soil plough layer and the salt tolerance threshold value of fodder barley-tomato, determining a planting saline-alkali soil plot, and ploughing soil for 30cm to freeze upturned soil in winter; b: after fertilizer is applied, using a rotary cultivator to rotatably rake the plough layer for 20cm; c: planning fodder barley in spring to cover and manage a target plot; d: during April and May in spring, applying compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and plaster as base fertilizer, and carrying out no-tillage planting of tomato seedlings; e: managing the tomato until the tomato is harvested; f: after the tomato is harvested, on the basis of ploughing the soil for 30cm to freeze upturned soil in winter, carrying out alternation of crops according to the steps b to e. The method organically combines the rotation planting agriculture with the physical, chemical and biological treatment measures of the saline-alkali soil, is a saline-alkali soil improvement mode jointly obtained by ecological, economic and social benefits and performs an active acceleration function on the modification of the northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil and the sustainable development of the agriculture.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the sustainable agriculture renovation technique field on northern Suzhou beach saline-alkali ground, a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanized cultivation, reduce production cost and improve production efficiency, promote salt-soda soil pattern of farming upgrading and enrich the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure.
Background technology
Saline Alkali Stress is one of main stress factors currently affecting agricultural production and fertility.According to Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization of state of the United Nations and food and agricultural organization's incomplete statistics, the land area in the whole world 25% is affected by salination.China salt-soda soil area about 99,130,000 hm2, accounting for the 26.3% of salt-soda soil, world area, coastal and hinterland has large area to be distributed, and major part salt-soda soil is constantly in state to be developed.Nearly 1,000 kilometers of jiangsu coast coastline, beach saline-alkali ground area has 68.73 ten thousand hm2, account for about 1/4th of whole nation beach area, tidal flat of Jiangsu Province have have a moderate climate, rainfall is abundant, photo-thermal is abundant, the climatic superiority of frost-free period length, is that east China area is most potential, the land reserved resources of most worthy." Littoral Jiangsu Province development plan " proposes, and encloses and cultivates 180,000 hm to the year two thousand twenty planning2Marine site beach, wherein 60% is agricultural land, important Development of Land Reserving Resource district of China will be built in Sustainable Utilization Issues in Tidal Flat of Jiangsu Province.Along with " Littoral Jiangsu Province development plan " rises to national strategy, the development and utilization in tidal flat of Jiangsu Province salt-soda soil has more important meaning.
Major part tidal flat of Jiangsu Province salt-soda soil is positioned at Coastal regions area, northern Suzhou major part beach shallow-layer is marine solonchak, there is preferable water source and soil condition and good agroecological environment, this research team has carried out systematic study for many years to Jiangsu province solonchak, and the barrier factors that summary Jiangsu province solonchak is cultivated and utilized again is mainly reflected in the following aspects: 1. glue to cement weight.The soil texture mostly is aleuritic texture clay loam, and granule is fine and closely woven, easily hardens, permeable, poor air permeability, is unfavorable for drenching salt soda.Subsoil water buried depth is shallow, and salinity is high, the easy accumulation of salt in the surface soil, hinders soil improvement；The thinnest nutrient content is low.Soil organic matter content about 0.4-0.6%, total nitrogen content 3-4g/kg, available nitrogen content 25-50mg/kg, available phosphorus contents 3-5mg/kg.Soil nutrient content wretched insufficiency, the micronutrient levels such as zinc, manganese, ferrum, copper, boron also extremely lacks；3. the saline and alkaline degree of salt is high.Big portion, soil after reclaiming in salt pan is moderate (salinity 0.2-0.4%) and heavy and light degree (salinity >=0.4%) salinized soil, pH value 8.0-8.5, and saline and alkaline double evils are serious, directly affect the existing forms of soil nutrient, conversion and effectiveness.Analyzing after testing and understand, native ground surface soil (0-20cm) salinity after farming 4 years be still 0.2-0.4%, jeopardizes crops and emerges and keep a full stand of seedings and normal growth growth.Soil salt has obvious seasonal variations, predominantly autumn in summer desalination, Winter-Spring salification.Natural vegetation, based on Herba suadeae glaucae (Herba suadeae glaucae), is distributed the saline alkali tolerant plants such as phragmites communis；4. erosion windburn is serious.Due to salt pan Kao Hai, wind is many, wind is strong, and the soil after reclaiming not only suffers windburn in various degree, and accelerates soil water evaporation to a certain extent, thus accelerates soil salt table and gather.Therefore, salt pan needs after reclaiming to carry out soil comprehensive improvement, improves crop-planting soil environment, prevents the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, just can realize agricultural high-effiency and utilize.
At present, the control measures on beach saline-alkali ground has the measures such as physically improved, chemical modifying, biological modification.Physically improved referring to uses the method for physics to carry out transforming saline-alkali soil, as used irrigation and drainage system, rinsing the methods such as desalination, Song Geng, pressure sand, reaches the purpose of modified utilization.Wherein, be the Main Means of external Saline-alkali Field Control, the i.e. irrigation and drainage system of Erecting and improving based on the engineering measure of drip washing salt discharge, in conjunction with plough deeply improve the soil, soil removal and replacement, drip washing, the measure such as alluvial reduce the target of arable layer saliferous.Although engineering measure is applied relatively broad, but also exist that the amount of labour used is big, input cost is high, it is limited to hold time or be limited to the series of problems such as water resource is nervous, and can not fundamentally reduce soil salt, it is necessary to combine other measure and carry out；Chemical modifying is exactly to apply some acid salts substances to improve the character in salt-soda soil, reduces the acid-base value of soil, increases the cation replacement ability of soil, reduces the salinity of soil, strengthen Soil Microorganism and the activity of enzyme, promote plant root growth；Biological modification i.e. uses plant improvement salt-soda soil, easy to implement the method, remarkable in economical benefits, and biological control measure can gradually change the physical characteristic of soil, makes Soil structure change, and quality becomes to loosen, breathe freely and water storage capacity enhancing.
The measures such as physics, chemistry, biological modification are respectively arranged with pluses and minuses with administering beach saline-alkali, single ameliorative measure effect is limited, relatively costly, the cultivation of Coastal beach agricultural high-effiency is a systematic engineering of business, in salt discharge, while salt, anti-salt, need integrated use physics, the measure such as chemical and biological, reach to control salt improve the soil, the purpose of growth promoting of keeping a full stand of seedings.For the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, comprehensive multiple control measures, working out the crop rotation method in salt-soda soil, applicable this area, development sustainable agriculture is the most cost-effective measure.It is sustainable that sustainable agriculture contains on the sustainability of agricultural economy output, the probability of the utilization of resources and ecological significance.Salt-soda soil sustainable agriculture, is with biological cycle as mechanism, on the one hand improves ground mulching degree, reduces soil salt；The most logical comprehensive Saline-alkali Field Control measure, increases soil fertility.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to the defect existed for prior art, it is provided that a kind of no-tillage cultivation mechanized cultivation, reduce production cost and improve production efficiency, promote the upgrading of salt-soda soil pattern of farming and enrich the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of beach saline-alkali real estate sector structure.
It is an object of the invention to solve by the following technical programs:
A kind of method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
A, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；
B, soil management in spring: using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
C, sowing feed barley: spring, whether contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field determining according to soil moisture content irrigated, timely Drainage of salt and the stagnant evil of prevention；
D, plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: the 4-5 month in spring, use compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and Gypsum Fibrosum as base fertilizer no-tillage field planting tomato seedling；
E, tomato growth and results: transplanting to fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event when being seriously short of seedling and supplement fertilizer, timely disease and pest control during tomato growth is until gathering in the crops；
F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The salt-tolerant threshold according to plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in described step a determines that the criterion planting saline and alkaline plot is: feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, selects arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.5% during field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in summer.
Plough the winter in described step a soil 30cm freeze upturned soil and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil.
Organic fertilizer in described step b be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, and the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer in described step b is to be 20kg～30kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step b applies as base manure, and consumption is 25kg～30kg/ mu.
Desulfurated plaster is added for soil improvement, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster during organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in described step b4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg～500kg/ mu.
Feed barley application rate in described step c is 20kg～30kg/ mu.
During the no-tillage definite value of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in described step d, sowing in early days is sowed by the end of April, directly sows at feed barley field machinery, bunch planting；It is planted in mid-term after using combined drill rotary tillage Herb stubble-cleaning mid-May and sows；The time of typical case's salt-soda soil tomato planting is that results stay high straw after Fructus Hordei Vulgaris yellow maturity, sows after using combined drill rotary tillage stubble-cleaning；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sowing quantity in step d is 100g～125g/ mu.
The amount of application of compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and Gypsum Fibrosum in described step d is respectively 25kg～35kg/ mu, 30kg～40kg/ mu and 100kg～300kg/ mu.
During tomato planting in described step d, needing to configure Nutrition Soil mixing tomato seeds to use seeder field sowing, the formula of this Nutrition Soil is: the organic fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed with 1/3,2/3 field mellow soil mix and clap carefully to sieve and is allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；In every cube of Nutrition Soil add three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg.
Tomato growth density in described step e is 3000 strains～4500 plants/acre；Dressing time in step e is: impose seed manure in time after neat Seedling；After first fringe fruit starts to expand, execute second time and topdress；First fringe fruit will be ripe, and when the second fringe fruit is the biggest, third time executes quick-acting fertilizer；Gathering to the first to two fringe fruit, the three to four fringe fruit mushrooms out, and executes the 4th time, the 5th fertilizer again.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology:
The present invention is directed to the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, according to plantation field plough horizon salinity and tomato variety Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage threshold value, determine varieties of plant and region；Crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure are organically combined, efficent rotation rotates crops, and both can obtain high economic benefit under relatively low input, and can improve again soil with organic matter content, be conducive to fertilizing soil, form benign cycle；Being the excellent improvement salt-soda soil pattern that there are of ecological, economic and social benefit, not only economic benefit is obvious, and has higher ecological benefits, and the development stable to the transformation on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground and Sustainable Agricultural has positive facilitation.
The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the method plantation of the present invention is by gathering by stages and in groups, and general yield reaches 1500kg～2500kg/mu, is suitable for home farm on a fairly large scale and cooperative society's mode development salt-soda soil and uses；By application comprehensive improvement technical measures, effectively improve Soil structure, improve crop-planting environment, promote crop growth, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, it is achieved quickly reclaim in salt pan；Screened by suitable raw crop varieties and plantation demonstration simultaneously, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, form local new dominant crop variety type, improve crop-planting benefit, improve salt pan and reclaim the comprehensive output ploughed and agricultural use is worth.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
A kind of method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, steps of the method are: a, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, particularly as follows: because feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, select arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.5% during field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in summer；Plough winter soil 30cm freeze upturned soil and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil；B, soil management in spring: after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, use rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein organic fertilizer be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer is to be 20kg～30kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer applies as base manure, and consumption is 25kg～30kg/ mu；It is simultaneously introduced desulfurated plaster for the sodium replacing in soil and chloride ion, reduction topsoil salinity, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg～500kg/ mu；C, sowing feed barley: spring contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field, East China typically by the end of February to carrying out at the beginning of 3 months and feed barley application rate is 20kg～30kg/mu, timely ditch cleaning reason entropy, determine according to soil moisture content and whether irrigate；If irrigate need to see dry see wet, timely Drainage of salt and prevent stagnant evil；D, plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: the 4-5 month in spring, use the Gypsum Fibrosum of the compound fertilizer of 25kg～35kg/ mu, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 30kg～40kg/ mu and 100kg～300kg/ mu as base fertilizer no-tillage field planting tomato seedling；Concrete condition is: sowing in early days is 100g～125g/ mu at sowing and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sowing quantity by the end of April, directly sows at feed barley field machinery, bunch planting；It is planted in mid-term after using combined drill rotary tillage Herb stubble-cleaning mid-May and sows；The time of typical case's salt-soda soil tomato planting is that results stay high straw after Fructus Hordei Vulgaris yellow maturity, sows after using combined drill rotary tillage stubble-cleaning；E, tomato growth and results: tomato growth density is 3000 strains～4500 plants/acre, transplant to fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event when being seriously short of seedling and supplement fertilizer, and dressing time is: imposes seed manure in time after neat Seedling；After first fringe fruit starts to expand, execute second time and topdress；First fringe fruit will be ripe, and when the second fringe fruit is the biggest, third time executes quick-acting fertilizer；Gathering to the first to two fringe fruit, the three to four fringe fruit mushrooms out, and executes the 4th time, the 5th fertilizer again；Timely disease and pest control during tomato growth is until gathering in the crops；F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.Additionally during the tomato planting in step d, needing to configure Nutrition Soil mixing tomato seeds to use seeder field sowing, the formula of this Nutrition Soil is: the organic fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed with 1/3,2/3 field mellow soil mix and clap carefully to sieve and is allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；In every cube of Nutrition Soil add three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg.This method continuous application, vegetable soil rotary tillage is obvious.
In the above-mentioned methods, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is planted need to consider because of have: (one), the suitable time of salt-soda soil tomato planting: consider to make full use of abundant rainwater condition in summer, suppress the poly-phenomenon of salinity table in subsoil water；The suitable salinity of Maintaining cultivation layer soil.The 4-5 month in spring is sowed, 6-10 month Growth and recovery period；The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti primary growth phase, it is effective that what table was native washes away salt discharge on the occasion of high temperature, rainy season；Tomato growth circumstance complication simultaneously, requires height to varietal resistance.(2), open field live broadcast tomato seedling influence factor: seedling stage affects big principal element the breathability of the soil moisture, soil moisture and soil, the soil moisture: the soil moisture 20 DEG C-25 DEG C that tomato seeds germination is suitable, emerging slowly when temperature is less than 13 DEG C, soil temperature is too high is also unfavorable for that seed normally germinates；Soil moisture: stage of emerging suitable soil moisture content is that furrow face moistens to semi-wet, soil moisture is at 50-60%, and furrow face is dried that seed can be caused to fall is dry, does not sprouts, but soil moisture is excessive, easily cause rotten kind, and increase the weight of the generation of sprout term disease；The gas permeability of soil: Soil ventilation is bad, oxygen supply is not enough, causes rotten kind time serious.(3), the nutrient uptake feature of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: in the time of infertility of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, not only need a great number of elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, it is also desirable to the trace element such as the moderate-elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur and boron, zinc, ferrum；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti is maximum to the absorbtivity of potassium in life, and nitrogen takes second place, and other is followed successively by calcium, phosphorus, magnesium；Alkaline land soil disclosure satisfy that the most elements of tomato growth, supplements Gypsum Fibrosum or ardealite pre-bomb shelter fruit produces, and supplements nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer ensures tomato nutrient equilibrium；Advocate many organic fertilizers in production, Fructus Lycopersici esculenti can be met to a great number of elements and the demand of trace element simultaneously.(4), the preparation of tomato planting: Fruit variety: selection growing way is strong, disease-resistant, high temperature resistant, the tomato variety of Salt And Alkali Tolerance, is suitable for the variety type of the market demand, takes into account seed price factor；Seed treatment: the potassium permanganate liquid of 0.1% is disinfected 20-30 minute, clear water rinses 2-3 time, and be exposed to the sun before killing pathogenic bacteria and passivation inner virus effect that seed appearance is carried, and sowing two sun, reduces seed moisture content；Sowing quantity: 100g～125g/ mu；The determination in sowing time: temperature does not has frost, ground temperature is higher than 15 DEG C and is advisable, and the tomato seeds suitable soil moisture of germination is 20 DEG C-25 DEG C, emerges slowly when temperature is less than 13 DEG C, substantially stops germinateing during less than 10 DEG C, and East China is typically more suitable in 4-5 month；Preparation Nutrition Soil: Nutrition Soil is used for mixing tomato seeds, use seeder field sowing, Nutrition Soil is clapped after carefully sieving with 1/3 organic fertilizer fully become thoroughly decomposed and the mixing of 2/3 field mellow soil and is met planting with sowing machine requirement, every cube of Nutrition Soil adds three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2.(5), the sowing of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: sowing time: sowing in early days is 100g～125g/ mu at sowing and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sowing quantity by the end of April, directly sows at feed barley field machinery, bunch planting；It is planted in mid-term after using combined drill rotary tillage Herb stubble-cleaning mid-May and sows；The time of typical case's salt-soda soil tomato planting is that results stay high straw after Fructus Hordei Vulgaris yellow maturity, sows after using combined drill rotary tillage stubble-cleaning；Sowing line-spacing: 2.6m sows amplitude, middle 1.5m interval, both sides double row sowing, interval 40, and kind of the amount of entering of actual sowing is about 1/4 ratio when feed barley is sowed, notes machine-walking speed controlling.(6), the field management of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: seedling management: density rests in 3000 strains～4500 plants/acre, the close and time-division of emerging plants the serious plot that is short of seedling；Irrigate and draining: need vegetative growth phase water less, note during continuous drought keeping the skin wet in time, fruit expanding period is on the occasion of high temperature season, blade face moisture evaporation is big, need water more, being spaced during severe drought 5-7 days and irrigate once, during furrow irrigation, dark and damp furrow are met personally and dry are seen wet, drain the water away in time and combine rainfall and apply fertilizer；Topdress: trophophase sufficiently topdress guarantee balanced in nutrition；Qi Miaohou imposes seed manure in time；After first fringe fruit starts to expand, execute second time and topdress；First fringe fruit will be ripe, and when the second fringe fruit is the biggest, third time executes quick-acting fertilizer；Gathering to the first to two fringe fruit, the three to four fringe fruit mushrooms out, and executes the 4th time, the 5th fertilizer again；Topdress the same with base manure, unsuitable nitrogen fertilizer application partially, and phosphorus to be coordinated, potash fertilizer；The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", is adhered to based on the Harmless control principle of " cultural control, physical control, Biological control, chemical prevention is auxiliary "；Using yellow plate to lure aphid and Bemisia tabaci during physical control, method is to hang Yellow sticky trap or yellow lath in 20 square metres of field scope, and it is coated with last layer machine oil；Biological agent uses pest control and the biological pesticide prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as botanical pesticide such as jervine, matrine etc. and biogenic pesticide such as agricultural streptomycin, avilamycin, new phytomycin, pesticide corrosion 120 such as virus, nematicide；Virosis uses mushroom polysaccharide biological preparation；The chemical controls such as aphid, Bemisia tabaci decis, imidacloprid, Biphenthrin, jervine；Liriomyza bryoniae avilamycin, No. 4 chemical controls such as cream, chlopyrifos of middle guarantor.
Embodiment one
A kind of method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, steps of the method are: a, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, particularly as follows: because feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, select arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.5% during field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in summer；Plough winter soil 30cm freeze upturned soil and the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching prevent stagnant evil；B, soil management in spring: after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, use rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, wherein organic fertilizer be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer is to be 25kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer applies as base manure, and consumption is 25/ mu；It is simultaneously introduced the desulfurated plaster of 200kg～500kg/ mu for the sodium replacing in soil and chloride ion, reduction topsoil salinity；C, sowing feed barley: spring contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field, East China typically by the end of February to carrying out at the beginning of 3 months and feed barley application rate is 20kg～30kg/mu, timely ditch cleaning reason entropy, determine according to soil moisture content and whether irrigate；If irrigate need to see dry see wet, timely Drainage of salt and prevent stagnant evil；D, plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: the 4-5 month in spring, use the Gypsum Fibrosum of the compound fertilizer of 30kg/ mu, the nitrogenous fertilizer of 30kg/ mu and 100kg～300kg/ mu as base fertilizer no-tillage field planting tomato seedling；Concrete condition is: sowing in early days is 100g～125g/ mu at sowing and Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sowing quantity by the end of April, directly sows at feed barley field machinery, bunch planting；It is planted in mid-term after using combined drill rotary tillage Herb stubble-cleaning mid-May and sows；The time of typical case's salt-soda soil tomato planting is that results stay high straw after Fructus Hordei Vulgaris yellow maturity, sows after using combined drill rotary tillage stubble-cleaning；Sowing is to need to configure Nutrition Soil mixing tomato seeds to use seeder field sowing, and the formula of this Nutrition Soil is: the organic fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed with 1/3,2/3 field mellow soil mix and clap carefully to sieve and is allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；In every cube of Nutrition Soil add three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg；E, tomato growth and results: tomato growth density is 3000 strains～4500 plants/acre, transplant to fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event when being seriously short of seedling and supplement fertilizer, and dressing time is: imposes seed manure in time after neat Seedling；After first fringe fruit starts to expand, execute second time and topdress；First fringe fruit will be ripe, and when the second fringe fruit is the biggest, third time executes quick-acting fertilizer；Gathering to the first to two fringe fruit, the three to four fringe fruit mushrooms out, and executes the 4th time, the 5th fertilizer again；Timely disease and pest control during tomato growth is until gathering in the crops；F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The present invention is directed to the feature on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground, according to plantation field plough horizon salinity and tomato variety Salt Tolerance at Seedling Stage threshold value, determine varieties of plant and region；Crop rotation plantation agricultural and salt-soda soil physics, chemistry, biological treating measure are organically combined, efficent rotation rotates crops, and both can obtain high economic benefit under relatively low input, and can improve again soil with organic matter content, be conducive to fertilizing soil, form benign cycle；Being the excellent improvement salt-soda soil pattern that there are of ecological, economic and social benefit, not only economic benefit is obvious, and has higher ecological benefits, and the development stable to the transformation on Coastal regions beach saline-alkali ground and Sustainable Agricultural has positive facilitation.The Fructus Lycopersici esculenti of the method plantation is by gathering by stages and in groups, and general yield reaches 1500kg～2500kg/mu, is suitable for home farm on a fairly large scale and cooperative society's mode development salt-soda soil and uses；By application comprehensive improvement technical measures, effectively improve Soil structure, improve crop-planting environment, promote crop growth, prevent the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil, the accumulation of salt in the surface soil, it is achieved quickly reclaim in salt pan；Screened by suitable raw crop varieties and plantation demonstration simultaneously, can promote salt pan improved effect to a certain extent, form local new dominant crop variety type, improve crop-planting benefit, improve salt pan and reclaim the comprehensive output ploughed and agricultural use is worth.
Above example is only the technological thought that the present invention is described, it is impossible to limiting protection scope of the present invention with this, every technological thought proposed according to the present invention, any change done on the basis of technical scheme, within each falling within scope；The technology that the present invention is not directed to all can be realized by prior art.
Claims (10)
1. the method for beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: steps of the method are:
A, selection planting area: determine the saline and alkaline plot of plantation according to the salt-tolerant threshold of plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, plough soil 30cm winter and freeze upturned soil；
B, soil management in spring: using rotary cultivator rotation rake arable layer 20cm after using organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer, chesson also makes soil mix mixing with organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer；
C, sowing feed barley: spring, whether contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris coverage goal field determining according to soil moisture content irrigated, timely Drainage of salt and the stagnant evil of prevention；
D, plantation Fructus Lycopersici esculenti: the 4-5 month in spring, use compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and Gypsum Fibrosum as base fertilizer no-tillage field planting tomato seedling；
E, tomato growth and results: transplanting to fill the gaps with seedlings and combine rain event when being seriously short of seedling and supplement fertilizer, timely disease and pest control during tomato growth is until gathering in the crops；
F, the change of crops: plough on the basis of soil 30cm freezes upturned soil after Fructus Lycopersici esculenti results in the winter time, change crops according to step b～step e.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterized in that: the salt-tolerant threshold according to plough horizon salinity and feed barley-Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in described step a determines that the criterion planting saline and alkaline plot is: feed barley Root Distribution 30cm is deep, sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.6%, select arable layer sodium salt content during contracting grassland Fructus Hordei Vulgaris to control less than 0.6%；The sodium chloride salt salt-tolerant threshold 0.5% of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, controls arable layer sodium chloride salt less than 0.5% during field planting Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in summer.
The method of northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 beach saline-alkali ground zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: plough soil 30cm the winter in described step a and freeze upturned soil and stagnant evil prevented by the irrigation canals and ditches away from 3.0m, ditch depth 30cm of ditching.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer in described step b be the feces of livestock and poultry that becomes thoroughly decomposed, alcohol fermentation remnants be main farm manure, and the content of organic matter in farm manure is not less than 30g/kg, the amount of application of farm manure is 3000kg/ mu；Compound fertilizer in described step b is to be 20kg～30kg without ammonium ion and the compound fertilizer of chloride ion and every mu of amount of application；Nitrogenous fertilizer in step b applies as base manure, and consumption is 25kg～30kg/ mu.
5. according to the method for the northern Suzhou beach saline-alkali ground zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that: add desulfurated plaster for soil improvement, CaSO in this desulfurated plaster during organic fertilizer, compound fertilizer and nitrogen application in described step b4•2H2O content is not less than 91.3%, and amount of application is 200kg～500kg/ mu.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: the feed barley application rate in described step c is 20kg～30kg/ mu.
The method of northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 beach saline-alkali ground zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: during the no-tillage definite value of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti in described step d, sowing in early days is sowed by the end of April, directly sows at feed barley field machinery, bunch planting；It is planted in mid-term after using combined drill rotary tillage Herb stubble-cleaning mid-May and sows；The time of typical case's salt-soda soil tomato planting is that results stay high straw after Fructus Hordei Vulgaris yellow maturity, sows after using combined drill rotary tillage stubble-cleaning；Fructus Lycopersici esculenti sowing quantity in step d is 100g～125g/ mu.
8. according to the method for beach saline-alkali ground, the northern Suzhou zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti described in claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that: the amount of application of compound fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer and Gypsum Fibrosum in described step d is respectively 25kg～35kg/ mu, 30kg～40kg/ mu and 100kg～300kg/ mu.
The method of beach saline-alkali ground, northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterized in that: during tomato planting in described step d, needing to configure Nutrition Soil mixing tomato seeds to use seeder field sowing, the formula of this Nutrition Soil is: the organic fertilizer that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed with 1/3,2/3 field mellow soil mix and clap carefully to sieve and is allowed to meet planting with sowing machine requirement；In every cube of Nutrition Soil add three 15 nitrogen, phosphorus, K composite fertilizer 2kg.
The method of northern Suzhou the most according to claim 1 beach saline-alkali ground zero tillage Fructus Lycopersici esculenti, it is characterised in that: the tomato growth density in described step e is 3000 strains～4500 plants/acre；Dressing time in step e is: impose seed manure in time after neat Seedling；After first fringe fruit starts to expand, execute second time and topdress；First fringe fruit will be ripe, and when the second fringe fruit is the biggest, third time executes quick-acting fertilizer；Gathering to the first to two fringe fruit, the three to four fringe fruit mushrooms out, and executes the 4th time, the 5th fertilizer again.
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| CN109392630A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-01 | 扬州大学 | A kind of Coastal beach oat-sorghum forage grass is no-tillage alternating method |
| CN109759441A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-05-17 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of alkaline land soil restorative procedure |
| CN114287216A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-08 | 世多乐(青岛)农业科技有限公司 | Planting and fertilizing method for improving tomato growth vigor |
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