CN1788536A - Quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation - Google Patents
Quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1788536A CN1788536A CN 200510119144 CN200510119144A CN1788536A CN 1788536 A CN1788536 A CN 1788536A CN 200510119144 CN200510119144 CN 200510119144 CN 200510119144 A CN200510119144 A CN 200510119144A CN 1788536 A CN1788536 A CN 1788536A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to saline and alkaline land reconstruction, and relates to the ecological engineering method of fast constructing vegetation in bare saline and alkaline land. The method includes timely constructing ridges, timely harrowing, rotary tillage, seeding perennial pasture and other processes. The present invention makes it possible to fast grow annual plant in the bare land and utilize the annual plant matter in improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil surface layer so as to grow perennial pasture. The present invention can increase grassland coverage fast, reduce harm of the bare saline and alkaline land on nearby farm field and grassland, improve ecological environment and utilize the saline and alkaline land to provide pasture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the transformation of soda saline soil, relate to the ecological engineering method of the quick planting of saline-alkali grassland vegetation, be specially adapted to the quick planting of perennial vegetation of saline-alkali bare land in the song-Nen plain saline-alkaline meadow, northeast.
Technical background
Pine browse ground, the northeast salinization of soil is the result of many natural causes such as weather, landform and landforms, soil parent material, the hydrology and hydrogeologic condition and economical activities of mankind comprehensive function.Particularly human in recent years irrational utilization, cause grassland vegetation sociales density to reduce or disappearance as activities such as overgraze, the farmings of opening up wasteland, vegetation cover degree reduces, the soil erosion increases the weight of, salinization of soil degree is aggravated gradually, thereby form large-area saline-alkali bare land, lose grassland ecology, economy and social function gradually.The alkaline land vegetation covering power is extremely low, soil evaporativeness strengthens, and constantly the salinity in deep soil and the underground water is accumulated to the face of land, becomes " salt alkali source ", and, cause and increase the weight of contiguous meadow and agricultural land soil salinization of soil and become a kind of harm source by water erosion and eolian erosion.Therefore, how apace saline-alkali bare land being reverted to the meadow that vegetation covers, is the top priority of recovering saline-alkali grassland.
The improving technology of saline soil, sum up and to get up to mainly contain three kinds of methods: 1. chemical method, (see the soil circular by calcareous materials such as gypsuming and ardealites, 1994 the 25th volume the 6th phase 248-251 pages or leaves), chemical improvement agents such as acidic materials and the water-loss reducer physicochemical property of improving the soil, carry out the vegetation planting then; 2. physical method drenches the salinity (seeing soil journal, 1986 the 23rd the 2nd phases of volume, 189-192 page or leaf) that salt, irrigation canals and ditches draining or measure salt discharges such as transverse tube, drainage by shaft wells reduce soil by irrigation, or carries out plant transplantation by visitor's sand, soil moved in to improve the original.Though these two kinds of methods have significant effect to the improvement saline-alkali bare land, but because improvement cost (4000～5000 yuan/hectare) is too high and be subjected to the restriction of some conditions (as water resource, drainage condition etc.), existing social and economic condition can not satisfy, and causes these improvement methods can not obtain large-area application and popularization.3. biological pathway, by the plantation saline alkali tolerant plant, manually setting up litter layer or turning over modes such as pressing green manure increases the soil organic matter, improves soil physico-chemical property, increases face of land cover degree simultaneously, reduces soil evaporation, reaches to suppress the deep soil salinity and gather to the top layer.Because biological pathway is simple to operate, expense is lower, effect is obvious and have sustainability, large-area application and popularization therefore on the improvement of salt and alkaline land in many salt marsh district, have been obtained.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of patent of the present invention provides a kind of by the interception of ridging on saline-alkali bare land plant seed, rapid and natural is set up annual vegetation, agent improves saline-alkali bare land topsoil physicochemical property as biological modification, thereby progressively sets up the ecological engineering method of the perennial sown pasture of high-quality.
Saline-alkali bare land salt content height, the pH height, soil physical properties is abominable, and soil seed bank, soil seed pool kind subcategory is single, quantity is rare, is the main cause that saline-alkali bare land can not self-regeneration.The ridging behavior can be abolished face of land smooth structure, and ditch ridge structure is tackled seed, silt and some dry branches and fallen leavess effectively, and silt, dry branches and fallen leaves fully cover seed, for seed germination with settle down the microhabitat that provides favourable.Ridging can distribute rainfall resource effectively, prevents rainwash, plays the pouring salt action effectively, and precipitation flows to furrow from the ridge platform, make differing texture soil redistribute, easily help to be piled into long-pending sand bed, for seed germination with settle down the seed bed that provides suitable to the ditch bottom at ditch.In the low-lying relatively part of physical features, plant growing is helped on place and the ridge platform at ditch, and ponding can guarantee the plant growing utilization in the ditch; In the protruding relatively high part of physical features, ditch inner product water is to less, and plant growing utilizes ponding fully in furrow.Saline-alkali bare land ridging 2 years, furrow heals substantially, annual vegetation cover degree reaches 90%, ground biomass is 5.5 tons/hectare, harrow deeply in 1 year autumn or the 3rd year spring, therophytes is fully mixed with topsoil, broadcast sowing the perennial plant seed after the rotary tillage once immediately, perennial plant is successfully settled down on the ground in transformation, reach the purpose of the perennial meadow of quick planting high-quality vegetation.
The present invention comprises following process:
Ridging in good time: according to local autumn seed maturity come off peak period and windy phase in spring determine the ridging time for annual 1 to 10 May or September 10 to September 20.The ridging furrow degree of depth is 15-20cm, and the furrow spacing is 65cm.The ridging direction is perpendicular to wind direction.
Rake the soil level in good time: the selection of time of raking the soil level be after the ridging October 11 year autumn to October 10 or May 10 the 3rd year spring be advisable to May 20, the degree of depth of raking the soil level is 12-15cm.
Raise and broadcast the perennial plant seed: in 1 day-June 10 the 3rd year June in spring, adopt rotovator with above-mentioned processing ground rotary tillage once, the degree of depth is controlled at 7-10cm, and raises immediately with the wind and broadcast sheep's hay or wild barley seed.Seeding quantity is controlled at 25-30kg/ha.
Final-period management: the saline-alkali bare land after the ridging should in time seal educates, and forbids livestock to search for food and tramples on.Transformation ground behind the plantation perennial plant should not cradle or herd in back 3 years.
The present invention mainly produces following beneficial effect:
(1) this invention has characteristics such as (1000～1200 yuan/hectare) simple to operate, effective, with low cost, improved effect are sustainable, easy popularization, for the quick planting of vegetation of saline-alkali bare land in the severe saline-alkali grassland provides new approaches and new method;
(2) can produce significant ecological benefits in the short period of time: increase saline-alkali grassland vegetation covering power fast, vegetation cover degree was 20% in 1 year; 1 year is 90%; Eliminate saline-alkali bare land wind erosion and water erosion destruction to contiguous meadow and farmland; Soil physico-chemical property improves: soil moisture increases 21.7-271%, and salinity reduces by 56.9%, and the bulk density of soil reduces by 12.1%.
(3) social benefit and remarkable in economical benefits: fast saline-alkali bare land is reverted to the perennial high-quality sown pasture of high economic worth, sustainable use, improve the meadow productivity.
Embodiment:
The present invention is seed maturity and implementation result the best of windy phase in spring in the fall.According to loose browse ground saline-alkali bare land face of land seed flow kind and quantity flow and locality meteorological data result for many years, determine that the saline-alkali bare land ridging time is May 10.Select 20 hectares of saline-alkali bare lands in stud farm, Chang Ling, Jilin Province, soil water dissolubility salt content conductivity value is 3.0-5.5ms/cm, and pH is 10.2-10.4 (salt content and pH value are condition under to record at 5: 1 in the water and soil ratio).Use the ridging of 20 horsepowers of farm tractor three-share mounted ploughs, regulate three turnplow height and spacings, the control furrow and the ridge platform discrepancy in elevation are 15-20cm, and the furrow spacing is 65cm.The ridging direction is a northeastward, perpendicular to wind direction.On May 15th, 3 adopted 802 type crawler tractors suspension breach heavy duty harrows (2 groups of 20 blades) to carry out the shallow rake that turns over after the ridging, regulated breach heavy duty harrow angle, and it is 12-15cm that the rake degree of depth is turned in control, shreds speedwell as far as possible and it is fully mixed with topsoil.Used 40 horsepowers of tractors to hang the rotovator operation on June 15, rotary tillage degree of depth 7-10cm, and with the wind broadcast sowing sheep's hay and wild barley seed immediately needn't earthing and suppression, and seeding quantity is 25 kilograms/hectare.
Ridging after 2 years vegetation and soil change and see table 1 and table 2 for details,
The ridging of table 1 saline-alkali bare land is the vegetation variation after 2 years
| Floristics | Highly (cm) | Density (clump/m 2) | Cover degree (%) | Ground biomass (g/m 2) | Underground biomass (g/m 2) | Soil seed bank, soil seed pool (grain/100cm 2) | |
| The ridging district | Speedwell | 80.7 | 75.4 | 90 | 557.6 | 126.7 | 1356 |
| The saline-alkali bare land contrast | Speedwell | 46.5 | 4.8 | ＜2 | 24.9 | 7.2 | 72 |
The ridging of table 2 saline-alkali bare land is the variation of topsoil physicochemical property after 2 years
| Section | Water content (%) | pH | Electrical conductivity (ms/cm) | Unit weight | Sand bed thickness | ||
| Ridging | The ridge platform | 0-5cm | 13.2±2.1 | 1.33±0.14 | 1.53±0.25 | ||
| 5-10cm | 19.0±1.8 | 10.40±0.09 | 1.89±0.59 | ||||
| 10-20cm | 17.5±0.9 | 10.42±0.09 | 2.34±0.90 | ||||
| 20-30cm | 17.9±1.8 | 10.35±0.13 | 2.35±0.84 | ||||
| Furrow | 0-5cm | 13.5±2.7 | 10.23±0.10 | 1.32±0.46 | |||
| 5-10cm | 19.4±2.4 | 10.29±0.13 | 1.61±0.79 | ||||
| 10-20cm | 19.0±1.5 | 10.33±0.09 | 1.47±0.32 | ||||
| 20-30cm | 18.6±1.6 | 10.30±0.09 | 1.78±0.60 | ||||
| Contrast | 0-5cm | 10.7±2.4 | 10.50±0.05 | 5.49±1.21 | |||
| 5-10cm | 13.1±0.9 | 10.46±0.09 | 3.98±1.20 | ||||
| 10-20cm | 14.9±1.2 | 10.35±0.12 | 2.96±1.00 | |||
| 20-30cm | 16.8±1.1 | 10.15±0.21 | 1.92±0.67 |
Claims (4)
1. quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation, its feature comprises: (1) ridging in good time: according to the endemic plant seed maturity come off peak period and windy phase in spring determine the ridging time for annual 1 to 10 May or September 10 to September 20.The ridging furrow degree of depth is 15-20cm, and the furrow spacing is 65cm, and the ridging direction is perpendicular to wind direction; (2) rake the soil level in good time: the selection of time of raking the soil level be after the ridging October 11 year autumn to October 10 or May 10 the 3rd year spring be advisable to May 20, the degree of depth of raking the soil level is 12-15cm; (3) raise and broadcast the perennial plant seed: June 1 was to June 10 before the 3rd year rainy season, adopt rotovator once with above-mentioned processing ground rotary tillage, controlling depth is 7-10cm, and raises immediately with the wind and broadcast sheep's hay or wild barley seed, and seeding quantity is controlled at 25-30 kilogram/hectare.
2. quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that ridging, rake the soil level and the rotary tillage time should select the top layer soil moisture content low the time for well, when particularly raking the soil level, the upright dry degree of withered soma of therophytes speedwell is the frangibility better effects if.
3. quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that being specially adapted to the pH value more than 10.0 and do not form the saline-alkali bare land of long-time ponding in period in rainy season.
4. quick planting and establishing method for alkaline land vegetation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that saline-alkali bare land after the ridging should in time seal to educate, and forbids livestock to search for food and tramples on, and the transformation ground behind the plantation perennial plant should not cradle or herd in back 3 years.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1926945B (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-04-07 | 东北师范大学 | Method for saline-alkali land vegetation recovery by using apocynum root segment for breeding |
| CN101045237B (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2011-01-19 | 薄学锋 | Method for improving medium or serious saline and alkaline land by the sea, and comprehensive utilization of the same |
| CN102293082A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2011-12-28 | 青海省气象科学研究所 | Method for restoring bald spots of saline-alkali wetlands in alpine lakesides |
| CN102754559A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-31 | 东北师范大学 | Method for rapidly planting vegetation in saline-alkali bare land |
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN104741368A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-01 | 黄晓东 | Method for biological remediation of soil with saline-alkali harms and application |
| CN105013812A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Technology for rapidly restoring heavy metal pollution of farmland |
| CN105794484A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-07-27 | 连云港市农业科学院 | No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil |
| CN107810789A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-20 | 鲁东大学 | Utilize the method for the heavy salinized soil of salt-tolerant lawn grass quick improvement |
| CN110558169A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-13 | 东北林业大学 | Method for rapidly recovering vegetation in severe soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN111727683A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland |
-
2005
- 2005-12-27 CN CNB200510119144XA patent/CN100345475C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1926945B (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2010-04-07 | 东北师范大学 | Method for saline-alkali land vegetation recovery by using apocynum root segment for breeding |
| CN101045237B (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2011-01-19 | 薄学锋 | Method for improving medium or serious saline and alkaline land by the sea, and comprehensive utilization of the same |
| CN102293082A (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2011-12-28 | 青海省气象科学研究所 | Method for restoring bald spots of saline-alkali wetlands in alpine lakesides |
| CN102754559A (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2012-10-31 | 东北师范大学 | Method for rapidly planting vegetation in saline-alkali bare land |
| CN103782917A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Rail separating method of zoning rotational grazing |
| CN103782761A (en) * | 2014-01-15 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Method for building artificial pasture in low-humidity saline and alkaline land |
| CN104741368A (en) * | 2015-04-02 | 2015-07-01 | 黄晓东 | Method for biological remediation of soil with saline-alkali harms and application |
| CN105013812A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-04 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | Technology for rapidly restoring heavy metal pollution of farmland |
| CN105013812B (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-02-23 | 广东省生态环境与土壤研究所 | A kind of quick technology for repairing heavy metals in farmland pollution |
| CN105794484A (en) * | 2016-05-10 | 2016-07-27 | 连云港市农业科学院 | No-tillage planting method of tomato in northern Suzhou intertidal zone saline-alkali soil |
| CN107810789A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-03-20 | 鲁东大学 | Utilize the method for the heavy salinized soil of salt-tolerant lawn grass quick improvement |
| CN110558169A (en) * | 2019-10-12 | 2019-12-13 | 东北林业大学 | Method for rapidly recovering vegetation in severe soda saline-alkali soil |
| CN111727683A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-02 | 甘肃农业大学 | Method for restoring vegetation of deteriorated grassland in mouse wasteland |
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|---|---|
| CN100345475C (en) | 2007-10-31 |
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