CN111642167B - Water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field - Google Patents

Water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field Download PDF

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CN111642167B
CN111642167B CN202010523674.5A CN202010523674A CN111642167B CN 111642167 B CN111642167 B CN 111642167B CN 202010523674 A CN202010523674 A CN 202010523674A CN 111642167 B CN111642167 B CN 111642167B
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fertilizer
layer
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soil
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CN111642167A (en
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潘智彬
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Hainan Ruimingge Industrial Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/001—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing unburned clay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
    • C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00758—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for agri-, sylvi- or piscicultural or cattle-breeding applications
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2101/00—Agricultural use

Abstract

The invention provides a water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-conservation and fertilizer-conservation treatment method for transforming a dry land and a sand land into a paddy field, which comprises the following steps: 1) stripping the plough layer, wherein the stripping height is more than or equal to 30 cm; 2) rolling for the first time: compacting for 2-3 times for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is more than or equal to 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer, and diluting and spraying water-retaining materials; 3) covering with a water-retaining material: dry-paving a water retention material; 4) backfilling for the second time: backfilling with 10-20% of original soil, and covering with a soil improvement additive; backfilling with 15-25% of original soil; 5) and (3) rolling for the second time: compacting for 2-3 times for the second time; 6) backfilling for the second time: backfilling with 55-75% of original soil; 7) rotary tillage: adding organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water retention materials, and performing dry spinning and 2-time water spinning to form a cultivation soil layer; the method for treating the paddy field by reforming the dry and sand land effectively keeps the long-acting water and fertilizer retention function of the reformed paddy field, saves irrigation water and planting fertilizer cost, promotes the growth of plant roots and improves the yield of crops.

Description

Water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of land treatment, in particular to a water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming a dry land and a sand land into a paddy field.
Background
With the increasingly prominent expression of the contradiction between the human and land demands, the expression of the demands on the cultivated land resources is more obvious, and the engineering improvement of the cultivated land is gradually developed for meeting the requirements of 'occupation of the best and supplement of the excellent land and the occupation of the paddy field and supplement of the paddy field' so as to realize the occupation and supplement balance of the cultivated land. The transformation of paddy fields in rain zones with shortage of water resources and hillside zones with serious desertification is a main difficult content for the transformation of farmland. After the paddy field is transformed, whether the fertility level of the soil is improved depends on whether the configuration of the soil body is good after the construction, and the good configuration of the soil body is beneficial to the crops to absorb nutrients in the soil and can promote the growth of the crops.
At present, the engineering treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sandy land into the paddy field is often low in the soil body configuration productivity after transformation, particularly when the paddy field is abandoned and planted in a crop rotation mode, the water and fertilizer retention function is low, the water source utilization rate is low, and the problems of poor water and fertilizer retention and long-acting performance after soil improvement caused by water leakage and nutrient loss of a plough bottom layer easily occur. Therefore, a treatment method capable of effectively maintaining the long-acting water and fertilizer retention function of the transformed paddy field is needed to be found, so that water irrigated by plants in the planting process is well prevented from leaking, the water content level of soil nutrients is improved, the needs of the plants in the rooting stage are guaranteed, the growth of plant root systems and water absorption are promoted, good water and fertilizer saving effects are realized, a large amount of irrigation water and planting fertilizer cost is saved, and the loss of manpower and material resources is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry and sand lands into paddy fields.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field comprises the following steps:
step 1: stripping the plough layer: stripping the topsoil plough layer and the soil stone layer of the dry land and the sand land, wherein the stripping height is more than or equal to 30 cm;
step 2: rolling for the first time: after leveling the peeled ground, carrying out mechanical compaction treatment for 2-3 times by adopting a road roller of 15-18 tons for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is more than or equal to 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer of more than or equal to 10cm, diluting and mixing the water by adopting a water-retaining material and adding water, spraying the mixture on the surface of the plough bottom layer in a spraying manner, and standing for drying;
and 3, step 3: covering with a water-retaining material: spreading water-retaining material on the surface of the plough bottom layer to make it evenly cover the surface of the plough bottom layer to form a water-retaining layer, wherein the covering amount is 2-2.5 kg/m2；
And 4, step 4: and (3) backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining layer by using 10-20% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the water-retaining layer to form a first original soil layer; spreading and covering a soil improvement additive on the surface of the first original soil layer, wherein the soil improvement additive is made of plantsMixing dry straw powder, bark powder, reed powder, watery armpit algae powder and waterweed powder; the coverage is 0.2 to 0.5kg/m2(ii) a Backfilling again by adopting 15-25% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the soil improvement mixture to form a second original soil layer;
and 5: and (3) rolling for the second time: after the second raw soil layer is leveled, performing mechanical compaction treatment for 2-3 times by adopting a 13-15 ton road roller to form a water and fertilizer retention transition layer;
step 6: backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer for the second time by adopting 55-75% of original soil, and completely covering the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer to form a third original soil layer; the total thickness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer and the third original soil layer is more than or equal to 40 cm;
and 7: rotary tillage treatment: organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water retention materials are added to the surface of the second original soil layer to carry out dry rotation for 1 time, water is added to carry out water rotation for 2 times to form a cultivation soil layer, and water storage layer leveling treatment is carried out on the surface of the cultivation soil layer, so that water can be discharged to carry out cultivation of paddy field crops.
Further explaining, the water-retaining material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fly ash, 40-60 parts of volcanic rock, 30-50 parts of basalt, 25-35 parts of limestone, 60-80 parts of fine sand, 35-55 parts of river sand, 10-15 parts of dry mud of a river pond, 3-8 parts of diatomite and 3-8 parts of attapulgite; mixing and ball milling to obtain the superfine powder with the fineness of more than 300-1000 meshes. The water-retaining agent belongs to ultrafine particles, can slow water seepage at the upper part of soil on one hand, is used as ultrafine powder on the other hand, is applied in different soil layers in different ways, fully utilizes the fact that the ultrafine powder has large specific surface area and good physical viscosity after being wetted by water, can block seepage pipelines of lower-layer compacted soil, greatly reduces water seepage and reduces resilience of the compacted soil.
Further explaining, in the step 2, the ratio of the water-retaining material to the diluted and mixed material liquid is (1-3): (20-50) kg/l.
Further, in step 3, the coverage of the water-retaining layer is 1.8kg/m2。
Further, the soil improvement additive is characterized in that the mixing weight ratio of the crop straw dry powder, the tree bark powder, the reed dry powder, the watery leafy herb powder and the waterweed dry powder is (15-25) to (2-4) to (1-3), so that the water and fertilizer retention of soil can be improved.
Further explaining, in the step 4, the surface of the water-retaining layer is backfilled by adopting 15% of original soil, and is backfilled again by adopting 25% of original soil after the soil improvement additive is spread.
Further, in the step 5, the compactness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer is 40-50%. The soil conditioner additive and a certain amount of raw soil are compacted to form a water and fertilizer retention transition layer, so that the leakage of a plough bottom layer is reduced, the resilience of the raw soil is reduced, and the long-acting stability of the water and fertilizer retention of the soil is improved.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing dry livestock manure, biogas residues, decomposed weeds, fermented soybean meal and tea leaves residues according to the weight ratio of (10-20) - (5-8) - (3-5).
Further explaining, in the step 7, organic fertilizer and trace element raw materials are added according to the actual soil fertility condition, the organic matter content is improved by 1 percent per 1 mu of soil, and the using amount of the water-retaining material is 0.5-0.8 kg/m2。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention mainly carries out the reconstruction of the soil body configuration of the dry land and the sandy land by the modes of secondary rolling and secondary backfilling. After the first rolling treatment, a high-density plough bottom layer with a certain thickness is formed, and a water retention material is added on the surface of the plough bottom layer by combining wet method and dry application, so that gaps among soil particles of the plough bottom layer can be better sealed, the compactness and the soil adhesion degree are enhanced, and the purpose of stable closed water retention is realized. Meanwhile, on the basis, the invention utilizes a mode of backfilling raw soil for many times to respectively form a water and fertilizer retention transition layer and a water and fertilizer integrated cultivation soil layer, in the backfilling process of the water and fertilizer retention transition layer, a soil conditioner formed by mixing plant straw dry powder, tree bark powder, reed dry powder, waterarmpit dry powder and waterweed dry powder is added, and the soil conditioner is subjected to secondary mechanical compaction treatment to improve the leakage resistance of a plough base layer and reduce the resilience of compacted soil, so that the nutrient moisture in the soil is effectively maintained, meanwhile, the soil conditioner is combined with the cultivation soil layer which is subjected to dry spinning and 2 times of water spinning, so that the water and the nutrient irrigated by crops in the planting process can be well kept from leaking, the long-term effect after soil improvement is improved, the good water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil is realized, the moisture and the nutrient requirements of the crops in the rooting stage are fully ensured, and the deep root system of the crops is favorable for the deep root system of the crops, the method promotes the absorption of nutrients and the stable growth of the root system of the bottom layer, improves the survival rate of plants and the yield of crops, thereby realizing the good water-saving and fertilizer-saving effects of modifying paddy fields, saving a large amount of irrigation water and planting fertilizer cost, improving the crop cultivation quality, and having important significance for modifying the rain-less zones with deficient water resources and the hillside zones with serious desertification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for modifying a paddy field in a dry land or a sandy land, which comprises the following steps:
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an engineering operation of stripping a plough layer according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an earth and rockwork excavation project operation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first rolling process operation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the water-retaining material dilution and spraying engineering operation in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a water-retaining material covering engineering operation in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a first backfill operation according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a second rolling process according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a second backfilling operation in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the dry spinning and two-pass water spinning process in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic illustration of an impounded surface leveling project operation in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the observation of water retention in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing the observation of the water-retaining effect for 7 days in the acceptance period of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the soil layer of the dry and sandy land transformed paddy field.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Embodiment 1-a drought, sand land transform into water-retaining water conservation fertilizer conservation processing method of paddy field, including the following step:
step 1: stripping the plough layer: stripping the topsoil plough layer and the soil stone layer of the dry land and the sand land, wherein the average stripping height is 33 cm;
step 2: rolling for the first time: after leveling the peeled ground, carrying out mechanical compaction treatment for 2 times by adopting an 18-ton road roller for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer with the average length of 11cm, adding water by adopting a commercially available water-retaining material, diluting and mixing the water by the material-liquid ratio of 1:20kg/l, spraying the water on the surface of the plough bottom layer in a spraying manner, and standing for drying;
and step 3: covering with a water-retaining material: spreading water-retaining material on the surface of the plough bottom layer to uniformly cover the surface of the plough bottom layer to form a water-retaining layer, wherein the covering amount is 2kg/m2；
And 4, step 4: and (3) backfilling for the second time: firstly, backfilling the surface of the water-retaining layer by using 10% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the water-retaining layer to form a first original soil layer; spreading and covering a soil improvement additive on the surface of the first original soil layer, wherein the soil improvement additive is formed by mixing plant straw dry powder, bark powder, reed dry powder, watery foxtail algae dry powder and waterweed dry powder according to the weight ratio of 15:2:1:1: 1; the coverage was 0.2kg/m2(ii) a Backfilling again by adopting 15% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the soil improvement mixture to form a second original soil layer;
and 5: and (3) rolling for the second time: after the second raw soil layer is leveled, a 15-ton road roller is adopted to perform mechanical compaction treatment for 2 times for the second time, wherein the compaction degree is 40 percent, and a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer is formed;
step 6: backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer for the second time by adopting 75% of original soil, and completely covering the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer to form a third original soil layer; the average total thickness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer and the third original soil layer is 45 cm;
and 7: rotary tillage treatment: organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water-retaining materials are added to the surface of the second original soil layer, the organic matter content is increased by 1 percent per 1 mu of soil, and the using amount of the water-retaining materials is 0.5kg/m2After 1 dry rotation, adding water to carry out 2 water rotations to form a cultivation soil layer, and carrying out water storage layer leveling treatment on the surface of the cultivation soil layer, namely discharging water to carry out cultivation of paddy field crops.
Embodiment 2-a water-retaining water-saving fertilizer-retaining fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land into paddy field, comprising the following steps:
respectively and randomly selecting 4 dry land fields which are adjacent and have no crops and poor water retention property as test fields 1-4 in Fuchang village of Hainan Haikou city, wherein the area of the test fields is 215 square meters;
the test field 1 was subjected to a treatment method for modifying a paddy field as follows,
step 1: stripping the plough layer: stripping a surface soil tillage layer and a soil stone layer of the dry land field, wherein the average stripping height is 35 cm; sequentially carrying out the steps of depth-first, depth-second, top-to-bottom and layered segmentation, measuring the elevation of a substrate according to a drawing, trimming the edge of the field and leveling the bottom after the substrate is stripped to the designed bottom elevation, and storing the stripped soil according to a specified place so as to facilitate subsequent backfilling;
step 2: rolling for the first time: after leveling the peeled ground, carrying out mechanical compaction treatment for 3 times by adopting a 15-ton road roller for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer with the average of 13cm, adding water by adopting a water-retaining material, diluting and mixing the water by the material-liquid ratio of 3:50kg/l, spraying the water on the surface of the plough bottom layer in a spraying manner, and standing for drying; wherein, the water-retaining material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of volcanic rock, 30 parts of basalt, 25 parts of limestone, 60 parts of fine sand, 35 parts of river sand, 10 parts of dry pond mud, 3 parts of diatomite and 3 parts of attapulgite; mixing and ball milling to obtain superfine powder with fineness over 800 meshes;
and step 3: covering with a water-retaining material: spreading water retaining material on the surface of the plough bottom layer to cover the plough bottom layer evenly to form a water retaining layer with a covering amount of 1.8kg/m2；
And 4, step 4: and (3) backfilling for the second time: backfilling 15% of original soil on the surface of the water-retaining layer, and backfilling layer by layer from low to high to ensure earthwork balance, wherein the surface of the water-retaining layer needs to be completely covered to form a first original soil layer; spreading and covering a soil improvement additive on the surface of the first original soil layer, wherein the soil improvement additive is formed by mixing plant straw dry powder, tree bark powder, reed dry powder, waterarmpit algae dry powder and waterweed dry powder in a weight ratio of 25:4:3:3: 3; the coverage was 0.5kg/m2(ii) a Backfilling with 25% original soil to completely cover the surface of the soil improvement mixture to form a second original soil layer;
and 5: and (3) rolling for the second time: after the second raw soil layer is leveled, a 13-ton road roller is adopted to perform mechanical compaction treatment for 3 times for the second time, wherein the compaction degree is 50%, and a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer is formed;
step 6: backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer for the second time by adopting 60% of original soil, backfilling layer by layer from low to high to ensure earthwork balance, and completely covering the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer to form a third original soil layer; the average total thickness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer and the third original soil layer is 48 cm;
and 7: rotary tillage treatment: organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water-retaining materials are added to the surface of the second original soil layer, the organic matter content is increased by 1 percent per 1 mu of soil, and the using amount of the water-retaining materials is 0.6kg/m2After 1 dry rotation, adding water to carry out 2 water rotations to form a cultivation soil layer, and carrying out water storage layer leveling treatment on the surface of the cultivation soil layer, namely discharging water to carry out cultivation of paddy field crops.
Test field 2 a method for improving paddy field according to the test field 1The method is characterized in that: in the step 2, the water-retaining material is not sprayed; in step 3, the coverage of the water-retaining layer is 3kg/m2(ii) a In step 7, the amount of the water-retaining material is 1kg/m2(ii) a The rest of the procedures were the same as those for the test piece 1.
The test field 3 is different from the treatment method for modifying the paddy field of the test field 1 in that: step 4, mixing the original soil and the soil improvement additive, and then carrying out single backfilling, wherein the average thickness is 48 cm; the rest of the procedures were the same as those for the test piece 1.
The test field 4 is different from the treatment method for modifying the paddy field of the test field 1 in that: in the step 4, the dry powder of the crop straws is used as the soil improvement additive, and the coverage is 0.5kg/m2The rest of the procedures were the same as those of the test field 1.
1-4 of a test field block is transformed, the test field block is subjected to water storage surface leveling, 7-day water retention effect observation in an acceptance period is carried out, as shown in figure 1, rice planting and maintenance are carried out in the test field block, and in the planting process, an organic fertilizer is applied to the field block at 800 kg/mu, wherein the organic fertilizer is formed by mixing dry poultry and livestock manure, biogas residues, rotten weeds, fermented soybean meal and tea leaf residues according to the weight part ratio of 15:6:6:4: 4; after the rice is harvested, soil sampling detection is carried out, the conditions of organic matters and PH values of the soil and the conditions of the rice yield are recorded, and the following table is shown:
Figure BDA0002533037700000071
wherein, the water consumption for rice planting is water replenishing irrigation in the planting process. The data in the table show that the soil structure reformed by the paddy field of the dry land has long-acting water and fertilizer retention functions, water and nutrients irrigated by crops in the planting process can be well kept from leaking and losing in the rice planting process, the long-acting property after soil improvement is improved, good water and fertilizer retention effects of the soil are realized, the requirements of the crops on water and nutrients in the rooting stage are fully met, deep root system pricking of the crops is facilitated, the absorption and stable growth of the root systems of the bottom layer are promoted, and the yield of the crops is improved.
According to the comparison between the test field 1 and the test field 2, the reduction values of the daily average water level of the test field 2 are basically equal, the water consumption in the rice planting process is obviously increased, and the total yield of the rice is obviously low under the same fertilization condition. As can be seen from the test field 3, the reduction value of the daily average water level of the test field 3 within 7 days is obviously increased, the water consumption in the rice planting process is obviously increased, and under the same fertilization condition, the soil organic matter content is low and the total yield of the rice is low; the invention shows that under the effective utilization of a certain water retention material, the water and fertilizer retention transition layer and the water and fertilizer integrated cultivation soil layer are respectively formed by combining a plurality of times of original soil backfilling modes, the leakage resistance of the plough bottom layer can be further improved, the resilience of compacted soil is reduced, the nutrient moisture in the soil is effectively maintained, the leakage rate of the plough bottom layer is reduced, the requirements of the moisture and the nutrient of the crops in the rooting stage are fully guaranteed, the deep binding of the root system of the crops is facilitated, the nutrient absorption and stable growth of the root system are promoted, the growth of the crops is guaranteed, on the basis of the stable water and fertilizer saving function, the water consumption in the planting process is greatly reduced, a large amount of irrigation water and fertilizer cost is saved, and the long-acting water and fertilizer retention effect of the soil is realized. In the test field 4, it can also be seen that in the backfilling process of the water and fertilizer retention transition layer, the soil conditioner formed by mixing the plant straw dry powder, the tree bark powder, the reed dry powder, the watery foxtail algae dry powder and the waterweed dry powder is added, so that the soil conditioner is combined with secondary mechanical compaction treatment, water and nutrients irrigated by crops in the planting process can be well kept from leaking and losing, and the water and fertilizer retention effect of soil is improved.
Embodiment 3-a sand transformation is water conservation fertile saving treatment method of fertile saving of water field, includes the following step:
respectively randomly selecting adjacent sand field blocks which are not planted with crops and have poor water retention in Hainan delirium as test field blocks 3, wherein the area of each test field block is 268 square meters; the following treatment methods for modifying the paddy field are respectively carried out:
step 1: stripping the plough layer: stripping a surface soil tillage layer and a soil stone layer of the sandy land block, wherein the average stripping height is 33 cm; sequentially carrying out the steps of depth-first, depth-second, top-to-bottom and layered segmentation, measuring the elevation of a substrate according to a drawing, trimming the edge of the field and leveling the bottom after the substrate is stripped to the designed bottom elevation, and storing the stripped soil according to a specified place so as to facilitate subsequent backfilling;
step 2: rolling for the first time: after leveling the peeled ground, carrying out mechanical compaction treatment for 3 times by adopting a 16-ton road roller for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer with the average of 12cm, adding water by adopting a water-retaining material, diluting and mixing the water by the material-liquid ratio of 2:25kg/l, spraying the water on the surface of the plough bottom layer in a spraying manner, and standing for drying; wherein, the water-retaining material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of fly ash, 60 parts of volcanic rock, 50 parts of basalt, 35 parts of limestone, 80 parts of fine sand, 55 parts of river sand, 15 parts of dry pond mud, 8 parts of diatomite and 8 parts of attapulgite; mixing and ball milling to obtain superfine powder with fineness over 1000 meshes;
and 3, step 3: covering with a water-retaining material: spreading water-retaining material on the surface of the plough bottom layer to uniformly cover the surface of the plough bottom layer to form a water-retaining layer, wherein the covering amount is 2.5kg/m2；
And 4, step 4: and (3) backfilling for the second time: backfilling 20% of original soil on the surface of the water-retaining layer from low to high layer by layer to ensure earthwork balance, and completely covering the surface of the water-retaining layer to form a first original soil layer; spreading and covering a soil improvement additive on the surface of the first original soil layer, wherein the soil improvement additive is formed by mixing plant straw dry powder, tree bark powder, reed dry powder, waterarmpit algae dry powder and waterweed dry powder in a weight ratio of 25:4:3:3: 3; the coverage was 0.3kg/m2(ii) a Backfilling with 25% original soil to completely cover the surface of the soil improvement mixture to form a second original soil layer;
and 5: and (3) rolling for the second time: after the second raw soil layer is leveled, a 14-ton road roller is adopted to perform mechanical compaction treatment for 3 times for the second time, wherein the compaction degree is 50%, and a water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer is formed;
step 6: backfilling for the second time: adopting 55% of original soil on the surface of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer for secondary backfilling, backfilling layer by layer from low to high to ensure earthwork balance, and completely covering the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer to form a third original soil layer; the average total thickness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer and the third original soil layer is 50 cm;
and 7: rotary tillage treatment: organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water-retaining materials are added to the surface of the second original soil layer, the organic matter content is increased by 1 percent per 1 mu of soil, and the using amount of the water-retaining materials is 0.8kg/m2After 1 dry rotation, adding water to carry out 2 hydro-rotations to form a cultivated soil layer, carrying out water storage layer leveling treatment on the surface of the cultivated soil layer, and then discharging water to carry out rice planting.
The organic matter content detected by soil sampling after rice harvesting is 14.87g/kg, the pH value is 5.53, the total yield of rice is 484.23 jin, the yield per mu is 1204.58 jin, and the water consumption per mu in 140 days of rice planting is 349.16m3The method shows that the soil for transforming the sandy land into the paddy field has good water-saving and fertilizer-keeping functions and good long-acting performance, effectively keeps organic matters and PH value of the soil, and obtains the paddy rice planting with higher yield.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming dry land and sand land into paddy field is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: stripping the plough layer: stripping the topsoil plough layer and the soil stone layer of the dry land and the sand land, wherein the stripping height is more than or equal to 30 cm;
step 2: rolling for the first time: after leveling the peeled ground, carrying out mechanical compaction treatment for 2-3 times by adopting a road roller of 15-18 tons for the first time, wherein the compaction degree is more than or equal to 85 percent, forming a plough bottom layer of more than or equal to 10cm, diluting and mixing the water by adopting a water-retaining material and adding water, spraying the mixture on the surface of the plough bottom layer in a spraying manner, and standing for drying; the water-retaining material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fly ash, 40-60 parts of volcanic rock, 30-50 parts of basalt, 25-35 parts of limestone, 60-80 parts of fine sand, 35-55 parts of river sand, 10-15 parts of dry pond mud, 3-8 parts of diatomite and 3-8 parts of attapulgite; mixing and ball-milling to obtain superfine powder;
and 3, step 3: covering with a water-retaining material: spreading water-retaining material on the surface of the plough bottom layer to make it evenly cover the surface of the plough bottom layer to form a water-retaining layer, wherein the covering amount is 2-2.5 kg/m2；
And 4, step 4: and (3) backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining layer by using 10-20% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the water-retaining layer to form a first original soil layer; spreading covering soil improvement additive on the surface of the first original soil layer, wherein the soil improvement additive is formed by mixing plant straw dry powder, tree bark powder, reed dry powder, watery foxtail algae dry powder and waterweed dry powder; the coverage is 0.2 to 0.5kg/m2(ii) a Backfilling again by adopting 15-25% of original soil, and completely covering the surface of the soil improvement mixture to form a second original soil layer;
and 5: and (3) rolling for the second time: after the second raw soil layer is leveled, performing mechanical compaction treatment for 2-3 times by adopting a 13-15 ton road roller to form a water and fertilizer retention transition layer;
step 6: backfilling for the second time: backfilling the surface of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer for the second time by adopting 55-75% of original soil, and completely covering the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer to form a third original soil layer; the total thickness of the water-retaining fertilizer-retaining transition layer and the third original soil layer is more than or equal to 40 cm;
and 7: rotary tillage treatment: organic fertilizer, trace element raw materials and water retention materials are added to the surface of the second original soil layer to carry out dry rotation for 1 time, water is added to carry out water rotation for 2 times to form a cultivation soil layer, and water storage layer leveling treatment is carried out on the surface of the cultivation soil layer, so that water can be discharged to carry out cultivation of paddy field crops.
2. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sand land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 2, the ratio of the water-retaining material to the diluted and mixed water is (1-3): (20-50) kg/l.
3. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sand land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 3, the coverage of the water-retaining layer is 1.8kg/m2。
4. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sand land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil improvement additive comprises 15-25 parts by weight of crop straw dry powder, 2-4 parts by weight of tree bark powder, 1-3 parts by weight of reed dry powder, 1-3 parts by weight of water foxtail algae dry powder and 1-3 parts by weight of waterweed dry powder.
5. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sand land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step 4, firstly adopting 15% of original soil to backfill the surface of the water-retaining layer, spreading the soil improvement additive, and then adopting 25% of original soil to backfill again.
6. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-conservation and fertilizer-conservation treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sandy land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 5, the compactness of the water and fertilizer retention transition layer is 40-50%.
7. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-retention and fertilizer-saving treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sand land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing 10-20 parts by weight of dry livestock manure, 5-8 parts by weight of biogas residue, 5-8 parts by weight of decomposed weeds, 3-5 parts by weight of fermented soybean meal and 3-5 parts by weight of tea leaf residue.
8. The water-retention, water-saving, fertilizer-conservation and fertilizer-conservation treatment method for transforming the dry land and the sandy land into the paddy field according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in step 7, organic fertilizer and trace element raw materials are added according to the actual soil fertility condition, and 1% of soil per 1 mu is improvedThe content of the organic matter and the dosage of the water retention material are 0.5 to 0.8kg/m2。
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