CN110663468B - Open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds - Google Patents
Open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/35—Bulbs; Alliums, e.g. onions or leeks
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds. According to the planting method, the strawberries and the onions are ridged and intercropped, and the onions and the bitter gourds are crop-rotated, so that the land use efficiency is obviously improved, crop-rotation harvesting in a shorter time is realized, the hosts of pathogenic bacteria and pests can be dispersed, the mutual cross infection is reduced, the diseases are reduced, and the growth and development of crops are facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds.
Background
Whether greenhouse planting or open-air planting is adopted, planting of single vegetables and fruits on one land is easy to achieve, however, the land utilization rate of a single planting mode is low, and the output benefit is also low. However, the planting of more than two crops on the same land is not easy to realize due to the differences of different crop growth periods, cultivation methods, water and fertilizer requirements, field management and the like.
The open-air cultivation is the cultivation mode which has the largest cultivation area and the most common application in China, the cost is low, the labor consumption is low, and the obtained crop fruits have better quality. However, in open-air cultivation, the temperature and humidity are affected by seasons, so that cultivation of more than two crops in the same land under open-air conditions is not easy to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds, aiming at the problems that the land utilization rate of a single planting mode is low and the cultivation of more than two crops in the same land is not easy to realize under the open-air condition.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for interplanting strawberries, onions and bitter gourds comprises the following steps:
s1, ridging in the east-west direction by selecting loose soil with the pH of 6.0-7.0, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 60-70 cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 45-55 cm, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the distance between every two ridges is more than 45cm, and the fertilizer is applied along with ridging; planting a row of strawberries at the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge in ten days from 8 months bottom to 9 months, wherein the row distance between the strawberries and the south edge of the ridge top is 10-15 cm, and the planting distance is 25-30 cm; planting a row of onions at the north side of the row of the strawberries in the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge in the last ten days to 11 months of 9 months, wherein the row of the onions is 15-20 cm away from the edge of the north side of the ridge top, and the row spacing is 15-25 cm; after planting, fertilizer and water management is carried out;
s2, harvesting the mature onions and strawberries in the next year, applying fertilizer to the bottom of soil where the onions are planted, and then sowing autumn balsam pear seeds, wherein the sowing depth of the autumn balsam pear seeds is 2-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 35-60 cm; carrying out fertilizer and water management, and carrying out racking management (selecting 2 to 4 thick vines from the lower part and binding the vines to a herringbone rack) according to conventional operation after the vines are discharged;
s3, planting a row of onions on the northern side of the row of strawberries on the ridge according to the method in S1 after the autumn balsam pears are ripe and harvested, managing the fertilizer and water, and then repeating S2.
The invention obviously improves the land use efficiency by intercropping the strawberries and the onions and the autumn balsam pears and realizes the crop rotation of the three crops in a shorter time, thus being suitable for the open-air planting of the three crops. The three crops belong to different families, have different growth characteristics and nutrient absorption periods, and can absorb different nutrients at different periods by carrying out the interplanting and the rotation, so that the soil fertility can be maintained, and the premature senility of the soil fertility can be prevented.
The pathogenic bacteria and the pests related to the three crops are not completely the same, and the planting method can disperse hosts of the pathogenic bacteria and the pests, reduce mutual cross infection, reduce the diseases and be beneficial to the growth and development of the crops. And the onion contains volatile substances with insect expelling and sterilizing effects, so that the propagation and the spread of pathogenic bacteria among strawberries can be effectively prevented, and the density of the existing pathogenic bacteria in soil can be reduced. The strawberry disease and insect pest can be reduced by planting the strawberries at intervals. Bitter gourd fruits, branches and leaves have bitter taste, have a certain insect expelling effect, and can reduce plant diseases and insect pests in soil.
The strawberry can be harvested every year after being planted, and the method does not need and is not suitable for crop rotation. Autumn balsam pear has short mature period, and can be used with onion for rotation. The root system spread during the growth period of the autumn balsam pear can be loosened, so that the mature soil is suitable for the sowing and growth of the onions again, and meanwhile, the fertilizer application during the growth process of the autumn balsam pear can improve the nutrition conditions of the onion planting soil and the soil near the root system of the strawberry.
The onion root has poor absorption capacity, and the loose soil is suitable for the growth of the onion. Through fertilizing in step in the ridging process, the fertilizer can be mixed into the soil to provide nutrition for the growth of strawberries and onions, and germination and seedling emergence are promoted. The S1 Chinese strawberries are positioned at the south side of the onion, and the characteristics of creeping ground growth of the strawberries and upright growth of onion leaves are utilized, so that the strawberries and the onion leaves can be ensured to receive enough illumination, the strawberries are short and strong, the sugar content of the fruits is high, and the fragrance is strong. The arrangement of the ridge spacing is convenient for management, and ensures that the growth of the onions does not influence the light receiving of the strawberries on the north side of the onions.
Preferably, 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 200-300 kg of charcoal, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 6-8 kg of potash fertilizer, 3-6 kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.5-0.8 kg of zinc fertilizer are applied to each mu of ridge forming and fertilizer applying in S1. The fertilizer can enable the ridging soil to simultaneously meet the growth of strawberry seedlings and the growth of onion seeds after sowing, can promote the growth of the seedlings into strong seedlings, and lays a foundation for further growth into high-quality fruits. Meanwhile, the biochar has the effects of preserving fertilizer and water and adjusting the soil loosening degree, can keep the fertility and permeability of soil, and is beneficial to the growth and development of the roots of the onions and the strawberries.
Preferably, the strawberry planted in S1 is a sown strawberry seedling.
Preferably, the onion planted in S1 is an onion seed sowed with a wax layer removed. The wax layer can be removed by dipping in hot water at 40-50 ℃ and rubbing.
Preferably, the specific operations of the fertilizer and water management in S1 are as follows: applying nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 13-15 kg of nitrogen element, 5-8 kg of boron element and 7-9 kg of phosphorus element per mu after the onions emerge, and applying potassium fertilizer to the soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 9-11 kg of potassium element per mu in the bulb expansion period of the onions; after 7-9 true leaves grow out of the strawberries, 3-5 kg of water solution containing 0.15-0.3% m/v of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.05-0.10% m/v of amino acid fertilizer is applied to each mu of the strawberries along with drip irrigation. The fertilization after onion seedling emergence can provide sufficient nitrogen fertilizer for onion seedling to improve the growth rate of onion seedling, but be unlikely to make overground part grow excessively and the bolting appears or delay the bulb and enlarge, the phosphorus fertilizer can promote the absorption of nitrogen fertilizer simultaneously, can improve the quality after onion is ripe, boron element can make the onion blade healthy, and enable that the bulb is fine and close, the quality improves. The fertilization in the bulb expansion period can promote the division and expansion of bulb cells. The fertilizer and water management of the strawberries can promote the growth of strawberry seedlings into strong seedlings, and is favorable for improving the fruit quality of the strawberries. Wherein the amino acid fertilizer is preferably the amino acid fertilizer with the protein content of more than 85 percent.
Preferably, the operation of the bottom fertilizer application in S2 is to perform bottom application according to the use amounts of 30-35 kg of diammonium phosphate, 4500-5500 kg of biogas fertilizer, 500-800 kg of charcoal, 20-40 kg of probiotics and 30-50 kg of potassium fulvate per mu. The operation can provide sufficient and reasonably matched nutrition for the autumn balsam pear seeds so as to promote the germination of the autumn balsam pear seeds and ensure the smooth growth of the autumn balsam pear seedlings. The potassium fulvate can adjust the pH of the soil and avoid soil hardening; the biogas fertilizer has the effects of nutrition and killing plant diseases and insect pests so as to prevent the seeds and seedlings of the autumn balsam pear from being invaded by pathogenic bacteria and diseases and insects.
Preferably, the sowing time of the autumn balsam pear seeds in S2 is 7 months.
Preferably, the S2 method further comprises the steps of immersing the autumn balsam pear seeds in water at 50-60 ℃ for 10-12 h before sowing, sterilizing, placing in an environment at 30-35 ℃ for 4-5 days, and cleaning once a day. The operation can promote germination of autumn balsam pear seeds. The disinfection operation is preferably carried out by soaking the autumn balsam pear seeds in an aqueous solution containing 0.4-0.5% of carbendazim by weight for 50-60 min.
Preferably, the specific operations of the fertilizer and water management in S2 are as follows: watering after sowing until the soil is fully wet; after the seedlings of the autumn balsam pear seeds grow to 20-30 cm in height, topdressing is carried out according to the dosage of 5-10 kg of nitrogen elements per mu, topdressing is carried out according to the dosages of 20-25 kg of phosphorus elements, 15-20 kg of potassium elements and 30-40 kg of organic fertilizers per mu in the flowering period, and after fruit setting, nitrogen fertilizers are applied along with water according to the dosage of 10-15 kg of nitrogen elements per mu. The nitrogen fertilizer can be at least one selected from urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride. The fertilizer and water management can provide nutrition with reasonable collocation and sufficient dosage for the balsam pear in the whole growth process of the balsam pear so as to ensure that the plant grows robustly, the stem and leaf are luxuriant, the flowers and the fruits are rich and fruitful.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a strawberry plantation which is located in a goldenrain city area of Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province and has loose soil and pH of 6.2 as an experimental area, ridging along the east-west direction, wherein the width of the bottom of the ridge is 60 centimeters, the width of the top of the ridge is 45 centimeters, the height of the ridge is 20 centimeters, and the distance between every two ridges is 45 centimeters, and fertilizing is simultaneously carried out according to the using amounts of 4000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 300kg of biochar, 20kg of diammonium phosphate, 8kg of potassium fertilizer, 6kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.8kg of zinc fertilizer per mu in the ridging process, wherein the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate, the calcium fertilizer is amino acid chelated calcium, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc chloride.
Planting a row of Daiserlite strawberry seedlings at the bottom of 8 months in the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge, wherein the row distance between strawberries and the south edge of the ridge top is 10-12 cm, and the planting distance is 25 cm; planting a row of onions (onion seeds sown with a wax removal layer) at the ridge top of each ridge in the last 9 th month along the extending direction of the ridge, wherein the row distance of the onions from the edge of the ridge top to the north side is 15-18 cm, and the planting distance is 15 cm;
and (3) after planting, carrying out fertilizer and water management: applying urea, boric acid and calcium superphosphate to soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 15kg of nitrogen element, 8kg of boron element and 9kg of phosphorus element per mu after the onions emerge, and applying amino acid chelated potassium to the soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 11kg of potassium element per mu in the bulb expansion period of the onions; after 7-9 true leaves grow out of the strawberries, 3kg of water solution containing 0.3% m/v of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.10% m/v of amino acid fertilizer (the protein content is more than 85%) is applied to each mu of the strawberries along with drip irrigation.
And S2, harvesting mature strawberries from the end of the next month to the first 6 th month, and harvesting mature onions from the end of the next month to the first 6 th month. Bottom application is carried out on soil for planting the onions according to the use amounts of 35kg of diammonium phosphate, 5500kg of biogas fertilizer, 800kg of charcoal, 40kg of probiotics and 50kg of potassium fulvate per mu, seeds of the autumn balsam pears are sown in 7 months, the sowing depth is 4cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm; the autumn balsam pear seeds are pretreated before sowing as follows: soaking in 50-55 deg.C water for 12 hr, soaking in water solution containing carbendazim 0.4% of the weight of autumn balsam pear seeds for 60min for disinfection, placing in 30-32 deg.C environment for 5 days, and cleaning once a day.
And (4) fertilizer and water management: sowing seeds of autumn balsam pears, watering until the soil is sufficiently wet, applying urea according to the dosage of 10kg of nitrogen element per mu when the seedlings grow to the height of 20-25 cm, applying calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate and biogas fertilizer according to the dosages of 25kg of phosphorus element, 20kg of potassium element and 40kg of organic fertilizer per mu in the flowering period, and applying ammonium hydrogen phosphate with water according to the dosage of 15kg of nitrogen element per mu after fruit setting.
After the vines come out, 2 to 4 thick vines are selected from the lower part, and the lambdoidal racks are tied on the vines.
S3, after the autumn balsam pears are ripe and harvested, planting a row of onions in the north side of the row of strawberries on the ridge in the method of S1 in 11 months, performing fertilizer and water management in the method of S1, and repeating the step S2.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds, which comprises the following steps:
s1, beginning at 2015 9, selecting a strawberry plantation which is located at a deer spring area of Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province and has loose soil and pH of 6.8 as an experimental area, ridging along the east-west direction, wherein the width of the bottom of a ridge is 70 cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 55cm, the height of the ridge is 30cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 55cm, and fertilizing is simultaneously carried out according to the using amounts of 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 200kg of biochar, 15kg of diammonium phosphate, 6kg of potassium fertilizer, 3kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.5kg of zinc fertilizer per mu in the ridging process, wherein the potassium fertilizer is potassium chloride, the calcium fertilizer is amino acid chelated calcium, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate.
Planting a row of strawberry No. 7 seedlings of the strawberries at the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge in the beginning of 9 months, wherein the row distance between the south edges of the ridge tops of the strawberries is 13-15 cm, and the row distance is 30 cm; planting a row of onions (onion seeds sown with a wax removal layer) at the ridge top of each ridge in the middle 10 th month along the extending direction of the ridge, wherein the row distance of the onions from the edge of the ridge top to the north side is 18-20 cm, and the planting distance is 25 cm;
and (3) after planting, carrying out fertilizer and water management: applying ammonium sulfate, borax and fishbone powder in the soil for planting the onion according to the dosage of 13kg of nitrogen element, 5kg of boron element and 7kg of phosphorus element per mu after the onion seedlings emerge, and applying amino acid chelated potassium in the soil for planting the onion according to the dosage of 9kg of potassium element per mu in the bulb expansion period of the onion; after 7-9 true leaves grow out of the strawberries, 4kg of water solution containing 0.25% m/v of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.10% m/v of amino acid fertilizer (the protein content is more than 85%) is applied to each mu of the strawberries along with drip irrigation.
And S2, harvesting mature strawberries from the end of the next month to the first 6 th month, and harvesting mature onions from the end of the next month to the first 6 th month. Bottom application is carried out on soil for planting onions according to the use amounts of 30kg of diammonium phosphate, 4500kg of biogas fertilizer, 500kg of charcoal, 20kg of probiotics and 30kg of potassium fulvate per mu, seeds of autumn balsam pears are sown in 7 months, the sowing depth is 2cm, and the plant spacing is 60 cm; the autumn balsam pear seeds are pretreated before sowing as follows: soaking in water of 55-60 deg.C for 10 hr, soaking in water solution containing carbendazim 0.5% of the weight of autumn balsam pear seeds for 50min for disinfection, placing in 33-35 deg.C environment for 4 days, and cleaning once a day.
And (4) fertilizer and water management: sowing seeds of autumn balsam pears, watering until the soil is sufficiently wet, applying urea according to the dosage of 5kg of nitrogen element per mu when the seedlings grow to the height of 25-30 cm, applying calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate and biogas fertilizer according to the dosages of 20kg of phosphorus element, 15kg of potassium element and 30kg of organic fertilizer per mu in the flowering period, and applying ammonium hydrogen phosphate with water according to the dosage of 10kg of nitrogen element per mu after fruit setting.
After the vines come out, 2 to 4 thick vines are selected from the lower part, and the lambdoidal racks are tied on the vines.
And S3, after the autumn balsam pears are ripe and harvested, planting a row of onions at the bottom of 10 months in the north side of the row of strawberries on the ridge according to the method in S1, performing fertilizer and water management according to the fertilizer and water management method in S1, and repeating S2.
Example 3
The embodiment provides an open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds, which comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a strawberry plantation which is located in a fixed area of a Shijiazhuang city in Hebei province and has loose soil and pH of 6.4 as an experimental area in the 9 th last decade of 2015, ridging along the east-west direction, wherein the width of the bottom of the ridge is 65 cm, the width of the top of the ridge is 50cm, the height of the ridge is 25cm, and the distance between every two ridges is 50cm, and fertilizing is simultaneously carried out according to the using amounts of 3500kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 250kg of biochar, 17kg of diammonium phosphate, 7kg of potassium fertilizer, 4.5kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.6kg of zinc fertilizer per mu in the ridging process, wherein the potassium fertilizer is plant ash, the calcium fertilizer is calcium silicate, and the zinc fertilizer is amino acid chelated zinc.
Planting a row of strawberry No. 7 seedlings of the strawberries in the last 9 th day along the extending direction of the ridge at the ridge top of each ridge, wherein the row distance between the strawberries and the south side edge of the ridge top is 11-13 cm, and the row distance is 27 cm; planting a row of onions (onion seeds sown with a wax removal layer) at the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge, wherein the distance between the row of the onions and the north edge of the ridge top is 16-18 cm, and the planting distance is 20 cm;
and (3) after planting, carrying out fertilizer and water management: applying ammonium chloride, borax and ground phosphate rock into soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 14kg of nitrogen element, 7kg of boron element and 8kg of phosphorus element per mu after the onions emerge, and applying potassium chloride into the soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 10kg of potassium element per mu in the bulb expansion period of the onions; after 7-9 true leaves grow out of the strawberries, 5kg of water solution containing 0.15% m/v of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.05% m/v of amino acid fertilizer (the protein content is more than 85%) is applied to each mu of the strawberries along with drip irrigation.
S2, harvesting mature strawberries from the bottom of 4 months to the top of 6 months of the next year, harvesting mature onions from the bottom of 5 months to the top of 6 months, performing bottom application on soil for planting the onions according to the use amounts of 40kg of diammonium phosphate, 5000kg of biogas fertilizer, 700kg of charcoal, 30kg of probiotics and 40kg of potassium fulvate per mu, sowing autumn balsam pear seeds in 7 months, wherein the sowing depth is 3cm, and the plant spacing is 40 cm; the autumn balsam pear seeds are pretreated before sowing as follows: soaking in 53-56 deg.C water for 11 hr, soaking in water solution containing carbendazim 0.5% of the weight of autumn balsam pear seeds for 55min for sterilization, placing in 32-34 deg.C environment for 5 days, and cleaning once a day.
And (4) fertilizer and water management: sowing seeds of autumn balsam pears, watering until the soil is sufficiently wet, applying ammonium sulfate according to the dosage of 7.5kg of nitrogen element per mu when the seedlings grow to the height of 23-27 cm, applying animal bone powder, potassium chloride and biogas manure according to the dosages of 22kg of phosphorus element, 18kg of potassium element and 35kg of organic fertilizer per mu in the flowering period, and applying ammonium chloride with water according to the dosage of 13kg of nitrogen element per mu after fruit setting.
After the vines come out, 2 to 4 thick vines are selected from the lower part, and the lambdoidal racks are tied on the vines.
And S3, after the autumn balsam pears are ripe and harvested, planting a row of onions at the bottom of 10 months in the north side of the row of strawberries on the ridge according to the method in S1, performing fertilizer and water management according to the fertilizer and water management method in S1, and repeating S2.
Examples of effects
The yields of the strawberries, the balsam pears and the onions in 2016-2018 years in the plantations of examples 1-3 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 average acre yield
As can be seen from the results in table 1, the open crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds provided in the examples can be used to obtain higher and stable yield, thereby effectively improving the land utilization rate of the plantation.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, ridging loose soil with the pH value of 6.0-7.0 in the east-west direction, wherein the width of the bottom of each ridge is 60-70 cm, the width of the top of each ridge is 45-55 cm, the height of each ridge is 20-30 cm, the distance between every two ridges is more than 45cm, and the fertilizer is applied along with ridging; planting a row of strawberries at the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge in ten days from 8 months bottom to 9 months top, wherein the row distance between the strawberries and the edge of the south side of the ridge top is 10-15 cm, and the planting distance is 25-30 cm; planting a row of onions at the north side of the row of the strawberries at the ridge top of each ridge along the extending direction of the ridge in the last ten days to 11 months of 9 months, wherein the row distance of the onions from the edge of the north side of the ridge top is 15-20 cm, and the row distance is 15-25 cm; after planting, fertilizer and water management is carried out; planting the onion, namely sowing onion seeds with wax layers removed;
s2, harvesting the mature onions and strawberries in the next year, applying fertilizer to the bottom of soil where the onions are planted, and then sowing autumn balsam pear seeds, wherein the sowing depth of the autumn balsam pear seeds is 2-4 cm, and the plant spacing is 35-60 cm; carrying out fertilizer and water management, and carrying out racking management according to conventional operation after vine emergence;
s3, planting a row of onions on the northern side of the row of strawberries on the ridge according to the method in S1 after the autumn balsam pears are ripe and harvested, managing the fertilizer and water, and then repeating S2.
2. An open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein 3000-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 200-300 kg of biochar, 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 6-8 kg of potassium fertilizer, 3-6 kg of calcium fertilizer and 0.5-0.8 kg of zinc fertilizer are applied to each mu of field along with ridging and fertilizing in S1.
3. The open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the planting of the strawberries in S1 is the planting of strawberry seedlings.
4. The open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the specific operations of the fertilizer and water management in S1 are as follows: applying nitrogen fertilizer, boron fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer to soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 13-15 kg of nitrogen element, 5-8 kg of boron element and 7-9 kg of phosphorus element per mu after the onions emerge, and applying potassium fertilizer to the soil for planting the onions according to the dosage of 9-11 kg of potassium element per mu in the bulb expansion period of the onions; after 7-9 true leaves grow out of the strawberries, 3-5 kg of water solution containing 0.15-0.3% m/v of macroelement water-soluble fertilizer and 0.05-0.10% m/v of amino acid fertilizer is applied to each mu of the strawberries along with drip irrigation.
5. An open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method for strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the bottom fertilizer application in S2 is to perform bottom application according to the dosage of 30-35 kg of diammonium phosphate, 4500-5500 kg of biogas manure, 500-800 kg of charcoal, 20-40 kg of probiotics and 30-50 kg of potassium fulvate per mu.
6. The open field crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the time for sowing the autumn bitter gourd seeds in S2 is 7 months.
7. The open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein S2 further comprises immersing the autumn bitter gourd seeds in water at 50-60 ℃ for 10-12 h before sowing, sterilizing, placing in an environment at 30-35 ℃ for 4-5 days, and cleaning once a day.
8. The open-air intercropping crop rotation planting method of strawberries, onions and bitter gourds according to claim 1, wherein the specific operations of the fertilizer and water management in S2 are as follows: watering after sowing until the soil is fully wet; topdressing is carried out according to the dosage of 5-10 kg nitrogen element per mu when the seedling of the autumn balsam pear seed grows to the height of 20-30 cm, topdressing is carried out according to the dosage of 20-25 kg phosphorus element per mu, 15-20 kg potassium element and 30-40 kg organic fertilizer per mu when the autumn balsam pear seed enters the flowering phase, and nitrogen fertilizer is applied along with water according to the dosage of 10-15 kg nitrogen element per mu after fruit setting.
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