CN117084134A - Method for intercropping corn and soybean strips in abandoned land - Google Patents
Method for intercropping corn and soybean strips in abandoned land Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a strip intercropping method for fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned barren land, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method combines land and land by perfecting the irrigation and drainage facility before planting the abandoned land and performing land fertility adjustment and mechanized transformation, ensures that the abandoned land has higher land capacity, good mechanized planting condition and good irrigation and drainage facility after reclamation, and implements the agricultural sustainable development concept; the strip intercropping is carried out by utilizing the fresh corn and the soybean, so that the shading effect of the corn on the soybean can be reduced, and the economic benefit of agricultural production is improved; the soybean is further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean and corn are utilized for annual belt division rotation fertilization to change the land, so that the early planting risk and cost of the abandoned land are reduced, and the soil fertility uniformity characteristic is ensured; the method can ensure the quality characteristics of the fresh corn and the soybean to be excellent at the same time, and the obtained corn and soybean have high yield and obvious economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a strip intercropping method of fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned land.
Background
The abandoned land refers to the land which is not selected to continue to be cultivated but is abandoned after cultivation and fertility is reduced. The prices of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, seeds, diesel oil, agricultural films and the like are continuously increased, the planting cost is also increased, and the price of grains is stable for a long time, so that the economic benefit of farmer fields is greatly reduced, and the profit margin of the farmer for planting grains is extruded, so that the abandoned land is more and more. The current situation that the land abandoned land has low planting benefit is required to be changed.
The improvement and utilization of abandoned lands are increased in each place, and particularly, the development and utilization space of suburban lands is larger. However, based on the characteristic that the fertility of the abandoned land is insufficient to meet the continuous cultivation of crops, and along with the acceleration of the industrialization and town development of China, a great amount of labor in the rural areas is rushed to urban careers, so that the land is widely planted and thin, and the requirement of farmers on income improvement cannot be met when the abandoned land is planted with crops.
Although various measures are adopted in the country to encourage and advocate the investment of the agricultural production activity, the output is increased, then the land fertility of the land which is abandoned for a long time is relatively barren, and the planting technology of farmers is not high, and the difference between the land and the matched measures of high-standard farmlands is relatively large, so that the planting level of the crops in the abandoned land is always not high, and no guidance is available for how to greatly improve the planting income of the farmers aiming at the abandoned land at present.
The soybean and corn banded compound planting can increase yield of one-season soybean while stabilizing corn yield, and can remarkably improve the utilization efficiency of corn nitrogen fertilizer through intercropping and crop rotation effect superposition, thereby being an effective way for improving soybean productivity and implementing national grain storage in the field. However, the cultivation measures can obtain better economic benefit in fertile soil zones, but the economic benefit of barren lands in suburbs is very low, because the barren lands are insufficient in soil fertility, the soil aggregate structure is unfavorable for planting, the planting risk is high, the early planting economic benefit is low, the corresponding reclamation project receivers are fewer, and the reclamation difficulty of barren lands in the implementation of national grain development strategy plans is high.
Therefore, how to provide a fresh soybean and corn strip-shaped composite planting technology aiming at the abandoned land, so that the income of products can be guaranteed on the premise of guaranteeing the national grain safety, the problems that the abandoned land is insufficient in soil fertility, the soil aggregate structure is unfavorable for planting and large in planting risk are solved, the abandoned land can be efficiently utilized, the planting economic benefit of peasants is improved, and the technology is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, thereby providing a strip intercropping method for fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned land. The invention aims to solve the problem that the yield of corn planting on the abandoned land is low due to poor fertility and barren soil of the existing abandoned land; in addition, the method for realizing the strip intercropping of the fresh corn and the soybean on the abandoned lands is used for realizing the yield and the quality of the fresh corn and the soybean which are equivalent to those of the fertile planting lands.
The invention provides a strip intercropping method of fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned barren place, which comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) farmland improvement: a drainage and irrigation ditch is established on a abandoned land, the width of the drainage and irrigation ditch is set to be 20-40 cm, the depth of the drainage and irrigation ditch is set to be 20-30 cm, the interval of each drainage and irrigation ditch is 1.5-1.6 m, and planting ridges are formed between two adjacent drainage and irrigation ditches;
(2) Land fertility adjustment: each 667m of the planting ridge before sowing 2 Applying 800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to the land;
(3) Variety selection: selecting a high-yield fresh corn variety with compact plant type or semi-compact plant type, compact resistance and lodging resistance and plant height of 210-230 cm;
(4) Sowing: four lines of corn in two linesAlternately planting the soybeans in a planting belt mode, wherein the planting distance of the corns in the corn planting belt is 12-14 cm, the planting distance of the soybeans in the soybean planting belt is 8-10 cm, the corn planting bandwidth is 40cm, and the soybean planting bandwidth is 80cm; the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 60cm, the corns and the early-maturing soybeans are sowed in the same period in the middle of 5 months, and the sowing depth is 4cm; the first year of soybean planting is not fertilized, and corn is every 667m 2 Applying 20kg of seed fertilizer, sowing in the next year, carrying out soybean and corn banding rotation, and fertilizing and land changing by utilizing the soybean further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean and corn annual banding rotation;
(5) Thinning and setting seedlings: a plant with better growth vigor is reserved in each pit, so that the production of a corn single plant is ensured;
(6) Topdressing management: when the corn grows to a big bell mouth period, planting the corn in each 667m zone 2 Applying 25kg of urea on the land;
(7) Pest control: performing pest control by adopting a method combining a physical control technology and a biological control technology;
(8) Harvesting: after the fresh corn is harvested in the first two years, the soybeans are directly buried in soil to be used as fertilizer, the second year is divided into belt rotation, and the soybean planting belts and the corn planting belts in the previous year are alternately replaced.
The soybean corn strip intercropping mode is a one-season double-harvest planting mode which is suitable for mechanized operation and harmonious symbiosis among crops and can be generally used in a growing corn and soybean plant field of every 667m, and the traditional intercropping technology is utilized to realize the composite planting of corn strips and soybean strips, so that high-level crop corn plants have edge row advantages, the soybean light receiving space of low-level crops is enlarged, the annual intercropping of the corn strips and the soybean strips is realized 2 On the premise of stable corn yield, about 100kg of soybeans are harvested, and the land utilization benefit is practically improved. The method of the invention can be realized every 667m in a abandoned land 2 On the premise of stable corn yield, about 150kg of soybeans are harvested, and the intercropped yield is improved well.
According to the planting method, on one hand, the irrigation and drainage facilities are perfected before the cultivation of the abandoned lands, the land fertility adjustment and the mechanized transformation are carried out, the land use and the land cultivation are combined, the high land capacity, good mechanized planting conditions and good irrigation and drainage facilities are guaranteed after the reclamation of the abandoned lands, and the agriculture sustainable development concept is implemented. On the other hand, compared with the conventional feed corn, the fresh corn plant is smaller and the market price is relatively higher, and the strip intercropping is carried out by utilizing the fresh corn and the soybean, so that the shading effect of the corn on the soybean can be reduced, and the economic benefit of agricultural production is improved. In the third aspect, the strip intercropping mode of two-row corns and four-row soybeans is utilized, corresponding planting conditions are controlled, meanwhile, the soybeans are used for further fertilizing Tian Pei and the annual band division rotation fertilization of the soybeans and are used for improving the land, the early planting risk and cost of the abandoned lands are reduced, the soil fertility uniformity characteristic is guaranteed, the planting benefits of the corns and the soybeans in the abandoned lands are remarkably improved, the yield and benefits are guaranteed, the quality characteristics of the fresh corns and the soybeans are guaranteed to be excellent, and a novel method is provided for the development of the planting of the abandoned lands.
Further, the decomposed organic fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared by composting and fermenting pig manure or cow manure.
Further, the corn variety in the step (3) comprises Shennuo No. 3, tiancai No. 2 or Fengtan No. 5.
In the step (4), sowing is performed before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried.
Further, in the step (4), the corn sowing density is 3000-3200 plants/mu.
Further, the soybean sowing density in the step (4) is 2000-2500 plants/mu.
Further, the early-maturing soybean variety of step (4) comprises: china No. 2, harvest No. 26, henong 95 or Huinong 417.
Further, the proportion of the corn seed fertilizer to the N, P, K in the step (4) is 25:25:15.
Further, the physical control technology in the step (7) includes: in the seedling stage of corn and soybean, degradable color plates are laid in fields to prevent and treat aphids, brown planthoppers, thrips and flea beetles and prevent virus diseases; in the corn big horn mouth period and the soybean early flowering period, intelligent LED integrated wave band insecticidal lamps are distributed in the field, the distance between the lamps is 80-160 meters, adults of corn borers, peach stem borers, prodenia litura, stinkbugs and chafer pests are trapped and killed, and the spawning quantity is reduced.
Further, the biological control technique in step (7) includes: for the larvae of prodenia litura, gao Longxiang and borer, the metarhizium anisopliae powder or 8000 IU/ml bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder is selected to be 100-200 g/667m 2 Spraying water for preventing and treating after powder spraying; the bacillus subtilis wettable powder is selected for being sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the plant immunity is improved, and the bacterial leaf spot and gray spot of soybean are prevented and treated.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The strip intercropping method for the fresh corn and the soybean in the abandoned barren land, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the early planting risk and cost of the abandoned barren land are well reduced, the economic benefit of the abandoned barren land planting can be ensured, and the method is suitable for large-scale popularization and planting in the abandoned barren land;
(2) The method can carry out strip intercropping of the fresh corn and the soybean on the abandoned land, well realizes the purposes of ensuring the corn yield, simultaneously efficiently improving the soybean yield and improving the economic benefits of the two crops, and well ensures the quality of the fresh corn and the soybean.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the following examples, which are provided for explaining and illustrating the present invention only and are not intended to limit the present invention. Some non-essential modifications and adaptations of the invention according to the foregoing summary will still fall within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The following examples provide a method for strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned land, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) farmland improvement: the method comprises the steps of carrying out a double-plate testing point in Yunnan and Xishuang, establishing irrigation and drainage ditches on a certain abandoned land of the testing point, setting the width of each irrigation and drainage ditch to be 20cm and the depth to be 20cm, wherein the interval between each irrigation and drainage ditch is 1.5m, and forming planting ridges between two adjacent irrigation and drainage ditches; perfecting the irrigation and drainage facilities of the abandoned land according to the method, so that the land is dry and irrigated and is waterlogged, and simultaneously carrying out mechanized transformation on the land according to local conditions;
(2) Land fertility adjustment: the soil fertility uniformity is adjusted by utilizing the soil leveling machine, the problem of uneven crop growth caused by uneven soil fertility of the abandoned land is solved, and the purposes of fertility improvement, land use and land cultivation are achieved according to the characteristic of barren soil of the abandoned land: every 667m before sowing 2 And (3) spreading 800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, fully and uniformly stirring, deep tillage and fine land parcels are needed, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the soil organic matters are increased on the premise of considering the soil tolerance of the abandoned land, so that the early growth stability of crops is ensured. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting pig manure or cow manure (the amount of the organic fertilizer applied to corn is about 1 ton generally, but the soil of the abandoned land is too barren and cannot be carried, and the soybean organic fertilizer is easy to grow after more, so that the dosage of the decomposed organic fertilizer is reduced to 800 kg);
(3) Selecting varieties: the corn variety is a high-yield variety which is compact or semi-compact in plant type, resistant to dense and lodging, and suitable for mechanical harvesting, and is a Tiancai No. 2 variety.
(4) Sowing in good time: seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried, and seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried in combination with weather conditions. Planting is carried out in a mode of two rows of corns and four rows of soybeans. Corn spacing is 12cm, soybean spacing is 8cm, corn bandwidth is 40cm, soybean bandwidth is 80cm, and soybean-corn spacing is 60cm. Sowing corn and early maturing soybean in the same period in the middle of 5 months, wherein the sowing depth is about 4cm, the sowing density of corn is 3000 plants/mu, and the sowing density of soybean is 2000 plants/mu; the first year of soybean planting is not fertilized, and corn is every 667m 2 Applying 20kg of seed fertilizer, wherein the proportion of the corn seed fertilizer to N, P, K is 25:25:15; sowing in the second year to carry out soybean and corn belt rotation, and utilizing soybean as well as Tian Pei fertilizer and soybean and corn annual belt rotation fertilizer application and land change, the risk and cost of the preliminary planting in the abandoned land are reduced, and simultaneously, the uniformity of soil fertility and the absorption efficiency of corn and soybean fertilizer are ensured.
(6) Thinning and setting seedlings: one plant with better growth vigor is reserved in each pit, so that the production of single corn plants is ensured, the plant spacing is reasonable, and if the pit is lacking, the seedlings are transplanted and complemented in time;
(7) Topdressing management: corn every 667m when the corn grows to a big bell mouth period 2 Shi Niaosu 25kg, which can be carried out in combination with rainfall weather;
(8) Green prevention and control: mainly physical and biological control.
The physical control technology is as follows: in seedling stage of corn and soybean, degradable color plates such as yellow and blue plates are laid in fields to prevent and treat low-flying insect pests such as aphid, laodelphax striatellus, thrips, flea beetle, etc., and prevent and treat viral diseases, generally every 667m 2 Setting 20 sheets, fixing with bamboo poles or ropes, and replacing new boards once a month; arranging intelligent LED integrated wave band insecticidal lamps in the corn large bell mouth period and the soybean early flowering period, wherein the lamp spacing is 80 meters, trapping and killing adults of corn borers, peach stem borers, prodenia litura, stinkbugs and chafer pests, and controlling the spawning quantity, and selectively starting specific pest trapping and killing wave bands of the insecticidal lamps aiming at different pests in the breeding period according to the occurrence dynamics of local pests so as to achieve better trapping and killing effects;
the biological control technical means are as follows: for the larvae of the insects such as prodenia litura, gao Longxiang, carpopodium borer and the like, the destruxer powder or 8000 IU/ml bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder can be selected to be 100-200 g/667m 2 Spraying water for preventing and treating after powder spraying; the bacillus subtilis wettable powder is selected for foliage spraying, so that the plant immunity is improved, and various diseases such as bacterial leaf spot disease, gray spot disease and the like of soybean are prevented and treated; suspending sex pheromone lure core and matched trapper in field, trapping prodenia litura and borer adults in the early stage of soybean flowering, each 667m 2 3 sets of the chessboards are placed and suspended.
(9) Harvesting: after the fresh corn is harvested in the first two years, the soybeans are directly buried in soil to be used as fertilizer. The soybean planting belt and the corn planting belt in the previous year are alternately replaced by the second year of belt division rotation, and the utilization efficiency of corn nitrogen fertilizer is improved through the soybean further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean corn annual belt division rotation fertilizer cultivation and land improvement, so that uneven characteristics of banded distribution of fertility are prevented.
Example 2
The following examples provide a method for strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned land, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) farmland improvement: the method comprises the steps of performing the process at a Yunnan Yuanjiang test point, establishing irrigation and drainage ditches at a certain barren place of the test point, setting the width of each irrigation and drainage ditch to be 40cm and the depth to be 30cm, wherein the interval between each irrigation and drainage ditch is 1.6m, and forming planting ridges between two adjacent irrigation and drainage ditches; perfecting the irrigation and drainage facilities of the abandoned land according to the method, so that the land is dry and irrigated and is waterlogged, and simultaneously carrying out mechanized transformation on the land according to local conditions;
(2) Land fertility adjustment: the soil fertility uniformity is adjusted by utilizing the soil leveling machine, the problem of uneven crop growth caused by uneven soil fertility of the abandoned land is solved, and the purposes of fertility improvement, land use and land cultivation are achieved according to the characteristic of barren soil of the abandoned land: every 667m before sowing 2 And (3) spreading 800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, fully and uniformly stirring, deep tillage and fine land parcels are needed, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the soil organic matters are increased on the premise of considering the soil tolerance of the abandoned land, so that the early growth stability of crops is ensured. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting pig manure or cow manure (the amount of the organic fertilizer applied to corn is about 1 ton generally, but the soil of the abandoned land is too barren and cannot be carried, and the soybean organic fertilizer is easy to grow after more, so that the dosage of the decomposed organic fertilizer is reduced to 800 kg);
(3) Selecting varieties: the corn variety is a fresh corn with compact or semi-compact plant type, compact resistance and lodging resistance and 220cm plant height, and is suitable for mechanically harvested high-yield varieties, wherein the fresh corn variety comprises Shen glutinous No. 3.
(4) Sowing in good time: seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried, and seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried in combination with weather conditions. Planting is carried out in a mode of two rows of corns and four rows of soybeans. Corn spacing 14cm, soybean spacing 10cm, corn bandwidth 40cm, soybean bandwidth 80cm, soybean-corn spacing 60cm. Sowing corn and early maturing soybean in the same period in the middle of 5 months, wherein the sowing depth is about 4cm, the sowing density of corn is 3200 plants/mu, and the sowing density of soybean is 2500 plants/mu; the first year of soybean planting is not fertilized, and corn is every 667m 2 Applying 20kg of seed fertilizer containingN, P, K is 25:25:15; sowing in the second year to carry out soybean and corn belt rotation, and utilizing soybean as well as Tian Pei fertilizer and soybean and corn annual belt rotation fertilizer application and land change, the risk and cost of the preliminary planting in the abandoned land are reduced, and simultaneously, the uniformity of soil fertility and the absorption efficiency of corn and soybean fertilizer are ensured.
(6) Thinning and setting seedlings: one plant with better growth vigor is reserved in each pit, so that the production of single corn plants is ensured, the plant spacing is reasonable, and if the pit is lacking, the seedlings are transplanted and complemented in time;
(7) Topdressing management: corn every 667m when the corn grows to a big bell mouth period 2 Shi Niaosu 25kg, which can be carried out in combination with rainfall weather;
(8) Green prevention and control: mainly physical and biological control.
Physical control technology: in seedling stage of corn and soybean, degradable color plates such as yellow and blue plates are laid in fields to prevent and treat low-flying insect pests such as aphid, laodelphax striatellus, thrips, flea beetle, etc., and prevent and treat viral diseases, generally every 667m 2 20, fixing with bamboo poles or ropes, and replacing with new boards every month; arranging intelligent LED integrated wave band insecticidal lamps in the corn large bell mouth period and the soybean early flowering period, wherein the lamp spacing is 160 meters, trapping and killing adults of corn borers, peach stem borers, prodenia litura, stinkbugs and chafer pests, and controlling the spawning quantity, and selectively starting specific pest trapping and killing wave bands of the insecticidal lamps aiming at different pests in the breeding period according to the occurrence dynamics of local pests so as to achieve better trapping and killing effects;
biological control technology: for the larvae of the insects such as prodenia litura, gao Longxiang, and carpopodium borer, the green muscardine fungus powder or 8000 IU/ml bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder can be selected as 200g/667m 2 Spraying water for preventing and treating after powder spraying; the bacillus subtilis wettable powder is selected for foliage spraying, so that the plant immunity is improved, and various diseases such as bacterial leaf spot disease, gray spot disease and the like of soybean are prevented and treated; suspending sex pheromone lure core and matched trapper in field, trapping prodenia litura and borer adults in the early stage of soybean flowering, each 667m 2 5 sets of the chessboards are placed and suspended.
(9) Harvesting: after the fresh corn is harvested in the first two years, the soybeans are directly buried in soil to be used as fertilizer. The soybean planting belt and the corn planting belt in the previous year are alternately replaced by the second year of belt division rotation, and the utilization efficiency of corn nitrogen fertilizer is improved through the soybean further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean corn annual belt division rotation fertilizer cultivation and land improvement, so that uneven characteristics of banded distribution of fertility are prevented.
Example 3
The following examples provide a method for strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean in a abandoned land, comprising the steps of:
(1) And (3) farmland improvement: the method comprises the steps of performing at a Sichuan Wenjiang test point, establishing irrigation and drainage ditches at a certain abandoned land at the test point, setting the width of each irrigation and drainage ditch to be 30cm and the depth to be 25cm, wherein the interval between each irrigation and drainage ditch is 1.58m, and forming planting ridges between two adjacent irrigation and drainage ditches; perfecting the irrigation and drainage facilities of the abandoned land according to the method, so that the land is dry and irrigated and is waterlogged, and simultaneously carrying out mechanized transformation on the land according to local conditions;
(2) Land fertility adjustment: the soil fertility uniformity is adjusted by utilizing the soil leveling machine, the problem of uneven crop growth caused by uneven soil fertility of the abandoned land is solved, and the purposes of fertility improvement, land use and land cultivation are achieved according to the characteristic of barren soil of the abandoned land: every 667m before sowing 2 And (3) spreading 800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, fully and uniformly stirring, deep tillage and fine land parcels are needed, the soil aggregate structure is improved, and the soil organic matters are increased on the premise of considering the soil tolerance of the abandoned land, so that the early growth stability of crops is ensured. The decomposed organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting pig manure or cow manure (the amount of the organic fertilizer applied to corn is about 1 ton generally, but the soil of the abandoned land is too barren and cannot be carried, and the soybean organic fertilizer is easy to grow after more, so that the dosage of the decomposed organic fertilizer is reduced to 800 kg);
(3) Selecting varieties: the corn variety is a fresh corn with compact or semi-compact plant type, dense resistance and lodging resistance, and the plant height of 230cm, and is suitable for mechanically harvested high-yield varieties, and the fresh corn variety is Fengshu No. 5.
(4) Sowing in good time: seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried, and seeding is carried out before concentrated rainfall and when soil is dried in combination with weather conditions. Planting in two-row corn four-row soybean mode. The corn spacing is 13cm, the soybean spacing is 9cm, the corn bandwidth is 40cm, the soybean bandwidth is 80cm, and the soybean-corn spacing is 60cm. Sowing corn and early maturing soybean in the same period in the middle of 5 months, wherein the sowing depth is about 4cm, the corn sowing density is 3100 plants/mu, and the soybean sowing density is 2300 plants/mu; the first year of soybean planting is not fertilized, and corn is every 667m 2 Applying 20kg of seed fertilizer, wherein the proportion of the corn seed fertilizer to N, P, K is 25:25:15; sowing in the second year to carry out soybean and corn belt rotation, and utilizing soybean as well as Tian Pei fertilizer and soybean and corn annual belt rotation fertilizer application and land change, the risk and cost of the preliminary planting in the abandoned land are reduced, and simultaneously, the uniformity of soil fertility and the absorption efficiency of corn and soybean fertilizer are ensured.
(6) Thinning and setting seedlings: one plant with better growth vigor is reserved in each pit, so that the production of single corn plants is ensured, the plant spacing is reasonable, and if the pit is lacking, the seedlings are transplanted and complemented in time;
(7) Topdressing management: corn every 667m when the corn grows to a big bell mouth period 2 Shi Niaosu 25kg, which can be carried out in combination with rainfall weather;
(8) Green prevention and control: physical and biological control is the main method;
physical control technology: in seedling stage of corn and soybean, degradable color plates such as yellow and blue plates are laid in fields to prevent and treat low-flying insect pests such as aphid, laodelphax striatellus, thrips, flea beetle, etc., and prevent and treat viral diseases, generally every 667m 2 20, fixing with bamboo poles or ropes, and replacing with new boards every month; arranging intelligent LED integrated wave band insecticidal lamps in the corn large bell mouth period and the soybean early flowering period, wherein the lamp spacing is 120 meters, trapping and killing adults of corn borers, peach stem borers, prodenia litura, stinkbugs and chafer pests, and controlling the spawning quantity, and selectively starting specific pest trapping and killing wave bands of the insecticidal lamps aiming at different pests in the breeding period according to the occurrence dynamics of local pests so as to achieve better trapping and killing effects; biological control technology: for the larvae of the insects such as prodenia litura, gao Longxiang, and carpopodium borer, the green muscardine fungus powder or 8000 IU/ml bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder can be selected to be 150g/667m 2 Spraying water for preventing and treating after powder spraying; the bacillus subtilis wettable powder is selected for foliage spraying, so that the plant immunity is improved, and various diseases such as bacterial leaf spot disease, gray spot disease and the like of soybean are prevented and treated; sex pheromone lureAnd a matched trapper is hung in the field to trap the prodenia litura and the borer adults of the carpopodium borer at the earlier stage of the flowering of the soybean, wherein each 667m 2 4 sets of the chessboards are placed and suspended.
(9) Harvesting: after the fresh corn is harvested in the first two years, the soybeans are directly buried in soil to be used as fertilizer. The soybean planting belt and the corn planting belt in the previous year are alternately replaced by the second year of belt division rotation, and the utilization efficiency of corn nitrogen fertilizer is improved through the soybean further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean corn annual belt division rotation fertilizer cultivation and land improvement, so that uneven characteristics of banded distribution of fertility are prevented.
Comparative example 1
The process according to example 1 is different in that in step (2) each 667m before sowing 2 Spreading 1000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer; setting corn plant spacing of 10cm, soybean plant spacing of 10cm, corn bandwidth of 50cm, soybean bandwidth of 60cm and soybean-corn spacing of 50cm in the step (4).
Comparative example 2
The process according to example 1 is different in that in step (2) each 667m before sowing 2 Applying 700 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer; setting corn plant spacing of 12cm, soybean plant spacing of 12cm, corn bandwidth of 50cm, soybean bandwidth of 60cm and soybean-corn spacing of 70cm in the step (4).
Comparative example 3
The method of example 1 was followed except that in step (3) fresh corn was selected to have a plant height of 200cm; the soybeans are planted in the step (4) for the first year, namely every 667m 2 20k fertilizers are applied, and the soybeans are not used for returning to the field.
Experimental example 1
Intercropping corn and soybean by adopting the cultivation methods of the embodiment and the comparative example, examining the yield and quality of the corn and the soybean after 3 years of planting, counting the plant spike number and spike number growth index of the corn effective plant, counting the pod number of the soybean effective plant and the number of the soybean grains in a single pod; and counting the yield of the corns after the corns are mature, and counting the yield of the soybeans after the soybeans are harvested.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn and soybean yield obtained by the method of the invention is high, the quality is ensured, the planting risk and cost in the early stage of the abandoned land can be well reduced, and the high economic benefit of planting after 3 years is realized.
Claims (10)
1. A method for intercropping fresh corn and soybean strips in a abandoned land, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) And (3) farmland improvement: a drainage and irrigation ditch is established on a abandoned land, the width of the drainage and irrigation ditch is set to be 20-40 cm, the depth of the drainage and irrigation ditch is set to be 20-30 cm, the interval of each drainage and irrigation ditch is 1.5-1.6 m, and planting ridges are formed between two adjacent drainage and irrigation ditches;
(2) Land fertility adjustment: each 667m of the planting ridge before sowing 2 Applying 800 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer to the land;
(3) Variety selection: selecting a high-yield fresh corn variety with compact plant type or semi-compact plant type, compact resistance and lodging resistance and plant height of 210-230 cm;
(4) Sowing: alternately planting by using a planting belt mode of two rows of corns and four rows of soybeans, wherein the planting distance of the corns in the corn planting belt is 12-14 cm, the planting distance of the soybeans in the soybean planting belt is 8-10 cm, the corn planting bandwidth is 40cm, and the soybean planting bandwidth is 80cm; the distance between the soybeans and the corns is 60cm, the corns and the early-maturing soybeans are sowed in the same period in the middle of 5 months, and the sowing depth is 4cm; the first year of soybean planting is not fertilized, and corn is every 667m 2 Applying 20kg of seed fertilizer, sowing in the next year, carrying out soybean and corn banding rotation, and fertilizing and land changing by utilizing the soybean further Tian Pei fertilizer and the soybean and corn annual banding rotation;
(5) Thinning and setting seedlings: a plant with better growth vigor is reserved in each pit, so that the production of a corn single plant is ensured;
(6) Topdressing management: when the corn grows to a big bell mouth period, planting the corn in each 667m zone 2 Applying 25kg of urea on the land;
(7) Pest control: performing pest control by adopting a method combining a physical control technology and a biological control technology;
(8) Harvesting: after the fresh corn is harvested in the first two years, the soybeans are directly buried in soil to be used as fertilizer, the second year is divided into belt rotation, and the soybean planting belts and the corn planting belts in the previous year are alternately replaced.
2. The method of strip intercropping corn and soybean on a abandoned land of claim 1, wherein the decomposed organic fertilizer in step (2) is prepared by composting and fermenting pig manure or cow manure.
3. The method of strip intercropping corn and soybeans in fresh food on a barren land of claim 1, wherein the corn variety in step (3) comprises Shennuo 3, tiancai 2 or Fengtan 5.
4. The method of intercropping corn and soybean strips on a barren land of claim 1, wherein the step (4) is performed before concentrated rainfall and while the soil is dry.
5. The method of strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean on a abandoned land of claim 1, wherein the corn sowing density in step (4) is 3000-3200 plants/mu.
6. The method of strip intercropping corn and soybean on a abandoned land of claim 1, wherein the soybean in step (4) has a sowing density of 2000-2500 plants/mu.
7. The method of strip intercropping corn and soybean on a barren land of claim 1, wherein said early maturing soybean variety of step (4) comprises: china No. 2, harvest No. 26, henong 95 or Huinong 417.
8. The method of strip intercropping corn and soybean on a barren land as recited in claim 1, wherein the corn seed manure in step (4) has a ratio of N, P, K to 25:15.
9. The method of strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean on a barren land of claim 1, wherein the physical control technique of step (7) comprises: in the seedling stage of corn and soybean, degradable color plates are laid in fields to prevent and treat aphids, brown planthoppers, thrips and flea beetles and prevent virus diseases; in the corn big horn mouth period and the soybean early flowering period, intelligent LED integrated wave band insecticidal lamps are distributed in the field, the distance between the lamps is 80-160 meters, adults of corn borers, peach stem borers, prodenia litura, stinkbugs and chafer pests are trapped and killed, and the spawning quantity is reduced.
10. The method of strip intercropping of fresh corn and soybean on a barren land of claim 1, wherein the biocontrol technique of step (7) comprises: for the larvae of prodenia litura, gao Longxiang and borer, the metarhizium anisopliae powder or 8000 IU/ml bacillus thuringiensis wettable powder is selected to be 100-200 g/667m 2 Spraying water for preventing and treating after powder spraying; the bacillus subtilis wettable powder is selected for being sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the plant immunity is improved, and the bacterial leaf spot and gray spot of soybean are prevented and treated.
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