CN113179887A - Cultivation method for increasing yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat - Google Patents

Cultivation method for increasing yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat Download PDF

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CN113179887A
CN113179887A CN202110551793.6A CN202110551793A CN113179887A CN 113179887 A CN113179887 A CN 113179887A CN 202110551793 A CN202110551793 A CN 202110551793A CN 113179887 A CN113179887 A CN 113179887A
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tartary buckwheat
sowing
thin
seeds
cultivation method
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黄小燕
黄凯丰
何佩云
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Guizhou Education University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat, which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed drying, medicament seed dressing, fine soil preparation, sowing, fertilization, field management, harvesting and the like, wherein during the cultivation period, the seed dressing is carried out by methyl isosalix phos missible oil, so that underground pests such as mole crickets, grubs, wireworms and the like after the tartary buckwheat is planted are effectively prevented and controlled, meanwhile, inorganic and organic fertilizers are applied together, the growth capability of the tartary buckwheat is effectively improved, and the planted tartary buckwheat is high in root length, plant height, cotyledon section degree and yield.

Description

Cultivation method for increasing yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for increasing the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat.
Background
Nutrition and health are essential pursuits for human beings. With the development of human society and the improvement of living standard, health has become a focus of human attention. According to statistics, the population of three highs (hypertension, hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia), diabetes and the like in China reaches more than 3 hundred million. Diseases need to be prevented and diseases need to be treated when the diseases do not exist, and food therapy and food health care are the best methods for treating and preventing the diseases, so that the great development potential of a large health industry is indicated. Buckwheat is the most health-care food crop and plays an important role in the large health industry. The tartary buckwheat (F.tataricum) grains contain high-content flavonoid substances such as rutin and the like, D-chiro-inositol (D-CI), active protein, active polypeptide and abundant mineral elements such as copper, selenium and the like, have obvious functions of reducing blood fat and blood sugar, can reduce and relieve a plurality of major diseases such as capillary fragile hemorrhage, diabetes, hypertension, scurvy, cancer and the like, have amino acid composition of main stored protein components close to standard nutrient protein recommended by grain and agriculture organizations of the United nations, and can provide comprehensive nutrition for human beings. In recent years, various health care and medical functions of tartary buckwheat have been reported in a large number of animal test documents. The tartary buckwheat is a gemini leaf type food crop with extremely rich health care function, is different from the common monocotyledon type gramineous food crop, and has higher research and development values.
At present, the common problem that seeds are difficult to peel exists in the production of tartary buckwheat in China and even China, so that the tartary buckwheat rice has poor quality, the rice yield is low, and the quality of tartary buckwheat powder is not high.
Thin shell tartary buckwheat is a new type of tartary buckwheat variety which is bred by the unit and easy to shell, has great development prospect, and the high-yield cultivation of the thin shell tartary buckwheat mainly focuses on basic theory (Gilles de Gentle et al, 2016; well known Wu Lian et al, 2020; Liao Kai, 2020) at present, and lacks of specific measures.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a cultivation method of thin-shell tartary buckwheat, which has the advantages of high root length, high plant height, high cotyledon node degree and high yield.
A cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
(2) sun-drying seeds: spreading a thin layer 5-7 days before sowing at 10 am to 4 pm in sunny weather, turning over, and sun-drying for 2-3 days;
(3) medicament seed dressing: mixing seeds with 20% methyl isosaliphos emulsifiable solution 1 day before sowing, stirring the seeds uniformly, stacking at normal temperature for 3-4 hours, spreading and drying;
(4) fine land preparation: removing the residue and weeds of the previous crops, loosening the soil surface, adopting ditching and drilling, wherein each compartment is 2-4m, the row spacing is 30-33cm, the sowing depth is 5-10cm, and drainage ditches are arranged between the compartments;
(5) sowing: the sowing time is that uniform seed falling is ensured when sowing in late spring sowing 2 months and in middle autumn sowing 8 months, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 37-38kg/hm2
(6) Fertilizing:
base fertilizer: the dosage of inorganic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 204 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 804 kg.hm-2
Top application: the top dressing time is the grouting period of thin shell tartary buckwheat, and the inorganic fertilizer dosage in the top dressing amount is 102 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 402kg hm-2
(7) Field management:
firstly, seedling preservation: if the emergence of seedlings is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings should be carried out, and the seedling is replenished every 666.7m2Keeping 8-10 ten thousand seedlings;
intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times, and the first manual intertillage weeding is carried out by combining thinning and thinning when the height of seedlings is 6-7 cm; before ridge sealing, the second intertillage is carried out by combining topdressing and ridging, and the intertillage depth is 3-5 cm;
(8) harvesting: harvesting about 80% of seeds of thin-shelled tartary buckwheat in the field when the seeds are mature.
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat, wherein the tartary buckwheat variety in the step (1) is a new thin-shell tartary buckwheat variety 'Mikui 18'.
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat, wherein the seed selection mode in the step (1) can also adopt a grain selection mode.
The invention relates to a cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat, wherein the inorganic fertilizer in the step (2) is prepared from N, P, K: 15: 15 to form the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the method has obvious beneficial effects, and the scheme shows that the method effectively prevents and treats the underground pests such as mole cricket, grub, wireworms and the like after the tartary buckwheat is planted by dressing seeds with the methyl isoxaphos missible oil, and effectively improves the growth capacity of the tartary buckwheat by applying the inorganic fertilizer and the organic fertilizer together, and the planted tartary buckwheat has the advantages of high root system length, high plant height, high cotyledon node degree and high yield.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
(2) sun-drying seeds: spreading a thin layer 7 days before sowing at 10 am to 4 pm in sunny weather, turning over the thin layer, and drying for 2 days;
(3) medicament seed dressing: mixing seeds with 20% methyl isosaliphos emulsifiable solution which accounts for 0.5% of the weight of the seeds 1 day before sowing, uniformly stirring the seeds with the medicament, stacking at normal temperature for 3 hours, spreading and drying in the air;
(4) fine land preparation: removing the residue and weeds of the previous crops, loosening the soil surface, adopting ditching and drilling, wherein each compartment is 4m, the row spacing is 30cm, the sowing depth is 10cm, and drainage ditches are arranged between the compartments;
(5) sowing: the sowing time is that uniform seed falling is ensured when sowing in late 2 months in spring sowing and 8 middle months in autumn sowing, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 37kg/hm2
(6) Fertilizing:
base fertilizer: the inorganic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 208 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 802kg hm-2
Top application: the top dressing time is the grouting period of the thin-shell tartary buckwheat, and the inorganic fertilizer in the top dressing amount is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 104 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 401 kg.hm-2
(7) Field management:
firstly, seedling preservation: if the emergence of seedlings is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings should be carried out, and the seedling is replenished every 666.7m2Keeping 8-10 ten thousand seedlings;
intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times, and the first manual intertillage weeding is carried out by combining thinning and thinning when the height of seedlings is 7 cm; before ridge sealing, the second intertillage is carried out by combining topdressing and ridging, and the intertillage depth is 3 cm;
(8) harvesting: harvesting about 80% of seeds of thin-shelled tartary buckwheat in the field when the seeds are mature.
Example 2
A cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
(2) sun-drying seeds: spreading a thin layer from 10 am to 4 pm in sunny weather 6 days before sowing, turning over the thin layer, and drying in the sun for 3 days;
(3) medicament seed dressing: mixing seeds with 20% methyl isosaliphos emulsifiable solution which accounts for 0.4% of the weight of the seeds 1 day before sowing, uniformly stirring the seeds with the medicament, stacking at normal temperature for 4 hours, spreading and drying in the air;
(4) fine land preparation: removing the residue and weeds of the previous crops, loosening the soil surface, adopting ditching and drilling, wherein each compartment is 3m, the row spacing is 32cm, the sowing depth is 8cm, and drainage ditches are arranged between the compartments;
(5) sowing: the sowing time is that uniform seed falling is ensured when sowing in late 2 months of spring sowing and 8 middle months of autumn sowing, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 37.5kg/hm2
(6) Fertilizing:
base fertilizer: the inorganic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 204 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 804 kg.hm-2
Top application: the top dressing time is the grouting period of the thin-shell tartary buckwheat, and the inorganic fertilizer in the top dressing amount is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 102 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 402kg hm-2
(7) Field management:
firstly, seedling preservation: if the emergence of seedlings is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings should be carried out, and the seedling is replenished every 666.7m2Keeping 8-10 ten thousand seedlings;
intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times, and the first manual intertillage weeding is carried out by combining thinning and thinning when the height of seedlings is 6 cm; before ridge sealing, the second intertillage is carried out by combining topdressing and ridging, and the intertillage depth is 4 cm;
(8) harvesting: harvesting about 80% of seeds of thin-shelled tartary buckwheat in the field when the seeds are mature.
Example 3
A cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
(2) sun-drying seeds: spreading a thin layer 5 days before sowing at 10 am to 4 pm in sunny weather, turning over the thin layer, and drying in the sun for 3 days;
(3) medicament seed dressing: mixing seeds with 20% methyl isosaliphos emulsifiable solution which accounts for 0.3% of the weight of the seeds 1 day before sowing, uniformly stirring the seeds with the medicament, stacking at normal temperature for 4 hours, spreading and drying in the air;
(4) fine land preparation: removing the residue and weeds of the previous crops, loosening the soil surface, adopting ditching and drilling, wherein each compartment is 2m, the row spacing is 33cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and drainage ditches are arranged between the compartments;
(5) sowing: the sowing time is that uniform seed falling is ensured when sowing in late 2 months of spring sowing and 8 middle months of autumn sowing, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 38kg/hm2
(6) Fertilizing:
base fertilizer: the inorganic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 200 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 806kg hm-2
Top application: the top dressing time is the grouting period of the thin-shell tartary buckwheat, and the inorganic fertilizer in the top dressing amount is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 the dosage of the components is 100 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 403kg hm-2
(7) Field management:
firstly, seedling preservation: if the emergence of seedlings is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings should be carried out, and the seedling is replenished every 666.7m2Keeping 8-10 ten thousand seedlings;
intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times, and the first manual intertillage weeding is carried out by combining thinning and thinning when the height of seedlings is 6 cm; before ridge sealing, the second intertillage is carried out by combining topdressing and ridging, and the intertillage depth is 5 cm;
(8) harvesting: harvesting about 80% of seeds of thin-shelled tartary buckwheat in the field when the seeds are mature.
Test example:
there were 4 treatments of CK (no fertilizer application), single organic fertilizer application, single inorganic application, organic fertilizer-inorganic fertilizer mixture (example 2).
Figure 656552DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
As can be seen from Table 1, the root length of the thin-shell tartary buckwheat is the highest by organic fertilizer treatment, the CK treatment is the lowest, and the difference among the treatments reaches an obvious level; the surface area of the root system is the highest in organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer composite treatment, the CK treatment is the lowest, and the difference among the treatments reaches an obvious level; the root system volume is highest through the compound treatment of organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers, the CK treatment is lowest, and the difference among the treatments reaches an obvious level; the average diameter of the root system is the highest by the compound treatment of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, the treatment of the organic fertilizer is the lowest, and the difference among the treatments reaches an obvious level.
Figure 839271DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
As can be seen from Table 2, the plant height of the thin-shell tartary buckwheat is maximally treated by the compound of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the CK treatment is minimum; the height of the cotyledon node is obviously higher than that of other treatments by organic fertilizer treatment; the length between 1 and 2 sections is the maximum by organic fertilizer treatment, and the minimum by organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer composite treatment; the thickness of the 1-2 internodes is the largest by the compound treatment of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the CK treatment is the smallest; the number of main stem nodes is maximum through the compound treatment of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer; the branch number of the main stem is the largest by organic fertilizer treatment and organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer composite treatment.
Figure 150167DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The fertilizer treatment has a large influence on the yield of the thin-shelled tartary buckwheat (table 3), and compared with a control, the organic and inorganic fertilizer composite treatment can improve the yield of the thin-shelled tartary buckwheat by 1.68 times.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A cultivation method for improving the yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: removing empty grains, shrunken grains, broken grains, grass seeds and impurities by adopting a water sorting mode, and selecting large, full and tidy seeds;
(2) sun-drying seeds: spreading a thin layer 5-7 days before sowing at 10 am to 4 pm in sunny weather, turning over, and sun-drying for 2-3 days;
(3) medicament seed dressing: mixing seeds with 20% methyl isosaliphos emulsifiable solution 1 day before sowing, stirring the seeds uniformly, stacking at normal temperature for 3-4 hours, spreading and drying;
(4) fine land preparation: removing the residue and weeds of the previous crops, loosening the soil surface, adopting ditching and drilling, wherein each compartment is 2-4m, the row spacing is 30-33cm, the sowing depth is 5-10cm, and drainage ditches are arranged between the compartments;
(5) sowing: the sowing time is that uniform seed falling is ensured when sowing in late spring sowing 2 months and in middle autumn sowing 8 months, and the sowing quantity of the seeds is 37-38kg/hm2
(6) Fertilizing:
base fertilizer: the dosage of inorganic fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 204 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 804 kg.hm-2
Top application: the top dressing time is the grouting period of thin shell tartary buckwheat, and the inorganic fertilizer dosage in the top dressing amount is 102 kg.hm-2The dosage of the organic fertilizer is 402kg hm-2
(7) Field management:
firstly, seedling preservation: if the emergence of seedlings is not ideal, timely replanting seedlings should be carried out, and the seedling is replenished every 666.7m2Keeping 8-10 ten thousand seedlings;
intertillage weeding: intertillage weeding is carried out for 2 times, and the first manual intertillage weeding is carried out by combining thinning and thinning when the height of seedlings is 6-7 cm; before ridge sealing, the second intertillage is carried out by combining topdressing and ridging, and the intertillage depth is 3-5 cm;
(8) harvesting: harvesting about 80% of seeds of thin-shelled tartary buckwheat in the field when the seeds are mature.
2. The cultivation method for improving the yield of the thin-shelled tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the tartary buckwheat variety in the step (1) is a new variety of thin shell tartary buckwheat, namely rice bitter 18.
3. The cultivation method for improving the yield of the thin-shelled tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the seed selection mode in the step (1) also adopts a grain selection mode.
4. The cultivation method for improving the yield of the thin-shelled tartary buckwheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the inorganic fertilizer prepared in the step (2) is prepared from N, P, K by weight ratio of 15: 15: 15 to form the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer.
CN202110551793.6A 2021-05-20 2021-05-20 Cultivation method for increasing yield of thin-shell tartary buckwheat Pending CN113179887A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115250846A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-11-01 贵州师范大学 Water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105248131A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-01-20 贵州师范大学 Planting method for increasing common buckwheat yield
CN106305016A (en) * 2015-06-25 2017-01-11 孙培辉 A high yield cultivation technology for fagopyrum tataricum
WO2017031686A1 (en) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-02 罗明镜 Rape cultivation method
CN108522176A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-09-14 于建生 It is a kind of promote bitter buckwheat high yield, stable yields cultural method
KR20210035992A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-02 땅끝황토친환경영농조합법인 Cultivation method of Environment-Friendly Rice And Gathering method of Seeds of Rice Using the Same

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106305016A (en) * 2015-06-25 2017-01-11 孙培辉 A high yield cultivation technology for fagopyrum tataricum
WO2017031686A1 (en) * 2015-08-25 2017-03-02 罗明镜 Rape cultivation method
CN105248131A (en) * 2015-11-13 2016-01-20 贵州师范大学 Planting method for increasing common buckwheat yield
CN108522176A (en) * 2018-04-23 2018-09-14 于建生 It is a kind of promote bitter buckwheat high yield, stable yields cultural method
KR20210035992A (en) * 2019-09-25 2021-04-02 땅끝황토친환경영농조합법인 Cultivation method of Environment-Friendly Rice And Gathering method of Seeds of Rice Using the Same

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115250846A (en) * 2022-07-27 2022-11-01 贵州师范大学 Water-dry rotation cultivation technology for tartary buckwheat and cress

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