CN106962005A - A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder - Google Patents
A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder Download PDFInfo
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- CN106962005A CN106962005A CN201710349229.XA CN201710349229A CN106962005A CN 106962005 A CN106962005 A CN 106962005A CN 201710349229 A CN201710349229 A CN 201710349229A CN 106962005 A CN106962005 A CN 106962005A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C7/00—Sowing
- A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder.This method uses 1 including stubble-cleaning site preparation, sweet potato and eryuelan:2 grade line-spacing Precision Seedings, disposably topdress, cradle and the step such as turn over.Present invention also offers a kind of supporting Precision Seeding machinery, including frame, first sowing assembly and two the second sowing assemblies.The present invention is on the basis of sweet potato and eryuelan coordination mutuality of interest is made full use of, improve mechanization production degree, a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method based on sweet potato and your beautiful writings work in February is provided, accomplish to increase production and improve productivity lay equal stress on, Cultural practice is supporting, agricultural machinery agronomy combine, production Ecological harmony, improve production efficiency.
Description
Technical field
It is particularly a kind of based on sweet potato and your beautiful writings work in February the present invention relates to green manure and forage crops production technical field
Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method, the invention further relates to it with sleeving intercropping Precision Seeding machinery.
Background technology
Winter paddy field refers to, because preceding crop evening receives or succession crop early sowing, cause the farmland that winter is idle to before sowing in spring.
According to incompletely statistics, China's Winter paddy field there are about more than one hundred million mus, most of to underuse, so that weedy, Soil Biochemical, fertilizer
Power declines, insect pest is urgent, and the growth to next year crops is adversely affected.Green manuring or herbage are the masters that Winter paddy field is utilized
Want one of mode.
Sweet potato and eryuelan are that northern area typically gets over year life fertilizer feeding dual-purpose green manure crop, and both cultivation managements are relative
It is extensive, not tight, impoverishment tolerant is required to soil, resist cold drought, fertility is strong, wide adaptability, there is extremely strong confrontation weeds and disease pest
Harmful ability, can cover ground, beautify the environment, culture fertility, with broader cultivating value and application prospect.For example,
Patent of invention 201510517753.4 discloses a kind of tuber of dwarf lilyturf-eryuelan interplanting method, and this method is in new plant and not yet obturages
The tuber of dwarf lilyturf on ground plants eryuelan on lawn, sees flower for spring and appreciates, the florescence terminate after remove eryuelan by tuber of dwarf lilyturf continued growth.
This method inserted on tuber of dwarf lilyturf lawn one season eryuelan, improve the ornamental value on lawn.Patent of invention 201510517751.5
A kind of tuber of dwarf lilyturf-sweet potato interplanting method is disclosed, sweet potato is planted on lawn in new plant and tuber of dwarf lilyturf for not yet obturaging ground, for spring
Flower is seen to appreciate, the florescence terminate after remove sweet potato and allow tuber of dwarf lilyturf continued growth.This method inserted on tuber of dwarf lilyturf lawn one season sweet potato, improve
The ornamental value on lawn.Patent of invention 201410315262.7 discloses a kind of saline land greening method, and it is used for salt-soda soil
The wild flower combination of greening, including following components：Chinese small iris, daylight chrysanthemum, summer cypress, great Hua gumbos, Veronica, gaillardia aristata, purple pine
Fruit chrysanthemum, garden columbine, Chinese China pink, borse balm, balloonflower root, Lythrum salicaria, golden wave, dandelion, eryuelan, coreopsis, youth-and-old-age,
Maidenhair, four-o'clock, pinniform cockscomb, twocolor sealavander herb and Zoysia sinica.Above-mentioned wild flower combination is by reasonably combining
While having arrived greening salt-soda soil, it is ensured that have good landscape effect.Patent of invention 201410538637.6 discloses one
The method that soil continuous cropping obstacle is overcome using Smooth vetch and wheat interplanting flue-cured tobacco is planted, it comprises the following steps：(1) crop field is drawn
It is divided into wide-and narrow-row；(2) First Year August part sows Smooth vetch in wide row, and First Year sows wheat at the beginning of 11 months in narrow row；
(3) Second Year cradles Smooth vetch March, is uniformly spread on after chopping between wheat line-spacing, then will be spread on the Smooth vetch of earth's surface
Turn in arable layer；(4) play tobacco planting ridge Second Year 4-5 months between wheat line-spacing, carry out tobacco transplant；(5) second
Smooth vetch is in the ranks sowed in tobacco again after year August portion harvest wheat, is so planted in turn.The present invention is by planting and turning over light
Leaf sweet potato, improves the fertility and physicochemical property of soil, improves the microenvironment of Tobacco, is conducive to beneficial microorganism in soil
Growth, suppresses the infringement of pathogen in soil, can control Continuous Tobacco Cropping obstacle, can also strengthen that tobacco plant is disease-resistant, resistance
Energy.Patent of invention 201210423695.5 discloses the implantation methods for making green manure between a kind of potato, comprises the following steps：On ridge
The early stage of upper plantation potato, leguminous green manure is planted in furrow, and the leguminous green manure is Gansu Province No. 2 needle peas of bowl or Turkmenistan hair
Sweet potato；After leguminous green manure harvesting, gather in toothing or all turn over to make green manure.Make green between the potato that this method is proposed
The implantation methods of fertilizer can increase income section fertilizer while potato yield is not influenceed.
The existing sweet potato of comprehensive analysis and the plantation of eryuelan, are generally the nixed planting of " green manure+main cultivation crop ", are not easy to
Do mechanization operation, production efficiency is relatively low, and plantation enthusiasm is not high, promotes difficulty larger.At present, there is not yet Winter paddy field sweet potato and two
The report that month your beautiful writings is made.
The content of the invention
The deficiency that the purpose of the present invention is intended to make up existing Winter paddy field production technology is based on sweet potato and February there is provided one kind
Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method that your beautiful writings is made and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder, solves that mechanization degree is low, biological yield is low, recruitment
Many, production cost is high, the low a series of problems of benefit.The present invention is in the base for making full use of sweet potato to coordinate mutuality of interest with eryuelan
On plinth, mechanization production degree is improved there is provided a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method based on sweet potato and your beautiful writings work in February, is accomplished
" increase production and improve productivity lay equal stress on, Cultural practice is supporting, agricultural machinery agronomy combine, production Ecological harmony ", improve production efficiency.
To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method, including with
Lower step：Stubble-cleaning site preparation, etc. line-spacing Precision Seeding, disposably topdress, cradle and the step such as turn over, it is specific as follows：
(1) stubble-cleaning site preparation
Stalk length after straw chopping and returning operation, crushing is carried out to preceding crop stalk with stalk crasher before sowing
3cm-6cm, straw chopping qualification rate >=90%, shed uneven rate≤10%；With rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1-2 times, depth 15cm-
25cm；
(2) the line-spacing Precision Seeding such as
Sweet potato makees with your beautiful writings in February, is entered using seeding machinery and in the ranks sowed, and sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row
Sweet potato makees with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing 30cm-50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 45kg/hm2-75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm-5cm；February
Blue sowing quantity 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm-2cm；
Further, one of for example following A-B of scheme of line-spacing Precision Seeding is preferably waited：
A. sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing 50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity
45kg/hm2, seed level 5cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.
The program is sowed suitable for high-yield field.
B. sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing 30cm, sweet potato sowing quantity
75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm.
The program is sowed suitable for middle-and-low-yielding fields.
(3) disposably topdress
Period of seedling establishment is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose topdress,
Apply in the ranks, depth 3cm-5cm；
(4) cradle and turn over
Initial bloom stage is cradled to full-bloom stage using hay mover to sweet potato, eryuelan, height for the stubble left 5cm-10cm, or
Crushed and turned over to topsoil using straw counters-field set.
In addition, sweet potato, eryuelan are emerged to the field management that turns over is cradled, such as irrigation, draining, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, which are regarded, works as
Season is actually occurred depending on situation, is nonessential step, and can be solved with common technical means in the art.
Rotary cultivator of the step (1) preferably with land presser carries out tillage operation.
The step (2) is preferred to use the sweet potato kind that biomass is big, cold hardiness is strong；It is preferred that biomass is big, florescence length
February orchid species.
Topdress preferred Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc. of the step (3).
The step (4) is preferably cradled with the hay mover for flattening function.
The invention also discloses a kind of and above-mentioned Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method it is supporting between make precision seeder, it is possible to achieve two
The line number proportioning for planting seed is 1:2 sowings, and suppression of soil is in one.
One inter-species makees precision seeder, including frame, first sowing assembly and two the second sowing assemblies；
The frame includes trifilar suspension and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is included along the row for making precision seeder between described
Enter first crossbeam and second cross beam that the opposite direction in direction is set gradually；
First sowing assembly include the first support frame, the first land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed changer, the first
Sub- case, the first grain conductor, the first feed mechanism for seed and the first seed opener；First land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed change
Device, the first seed-box and the first seed opener be may be contained within first support frame, and first support frame is arranged at
On the second cross beam, first sowing assembly is arranged on the second cross beam by first support frame, and described
The direct of travel for making precision seeder between described in first land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed changer and the first seed-box edge is set successively
Put on first support frame, first feed mechanism for seed is arranged on first seed opener, first grain conductor
Upper end open connected with first seed-box, the lower ending opening of first grain conductor and first feed mechanism for seed enter to plant
Mouth connection, and first land wheel passes through driving chain and the input of first speed changer is connected, described first becomes
The output end of fast device is connected by driving chain and first feed mechanism for seed；
Second sowing assembly include the second support frame, the second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed changer, second
Sub- case, the second grain conductor, the second feed mechanism for seed and the second seed opener；Second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed change
Device, second seed case and the second seed opener be may be contained within second support frame, and second support frame is arranged at
On the second cross beam, second sowing assembly is arranged on the second cross beam by second support frame, and described
The direct of travel for making precision seeder between described in second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed changer and second seed case edge is set successively
Put on second support frame, second feed mechanism for seed is arranged on second seed opener, second grain conductor
Upper end open connected with the second seed case, the lower ending opening of second grain conductor and second feed mechanism for seed enter to plant
Mouth connection, and second land wheel passes through driving chain and the input of second speed changer is connected, described second becomes
The output end of fast device is connected by driving chain and second feed mechanism for seed；
And the position relationship of first sowing assembly and two the second sowing assemblies in the frame is met in institute
State and the second sowing assembly, the first sowing assembly and the second sowing assembly are followed successively by the horizontal direction of frame.
It is preferred that, first support frame is removable installed on the second cross beam to realize the first sowing group
Part can be moved along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described, and the mobile range of first sowing assembly is 10cm-50cm；The
Two support frames are removable installed on the second cross beam to realize that second sowing assembly can make precision seeder along between described
Horizontal direction movement, and second sowing assembly mobile range be 10cm-50cm.
It is preferred that, the drive input of first feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, the flywheel-type speed changer
Including several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the output end of first speed changer passes through driving chain and described first
Flywheel-type variator connection on feed mechanism for seed drive input；The drive input of second feed mechanism for seed is provided with flywheel
Formula speed changer, the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, second speed changer it is defeated
Go out end to be connected with the flywheel-type variator on the second feed mechanism for seed drive input by driving chain.
It is preferred that, directly next to the first sowing assembly and the second sowing assembly transverse direction between spacing be 30cm-50cm.
It is preferred that, first land wheel is arranged on first support frame by apparatus capable of fluctuating；Second land wheel
It is arranged at by apparatus capable of fluctuating on second support frame.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1) the invention discloses a kind of sweet potato and the efficient implantation methods of your beautiful writings work in February, sweet potato and February are taken full advantage of
Orchid coordinates mutually beneficial relation.Sweet potato stem is thin and delicate, overgrows, and prehensile is strong, easily climbs on accompanying plant, eryuelan stalk is straight
It is vertical, it is excellent accompanying plant, sweet potato climbs canopy expansion in middle and upper part after growth, and fully, the thick leaf of stem is big, colony's ventilation and penetrating light bar
Part is improved, and sweet potato makees colony with your beautiful writings in February, and photosynthetic area, photosynthetic efficiency and land utilization ratio are improved.Mao Ye
Sweet potato biological yield improves 24.1%-34.4%, and eryuelan biomass can improve 14.9%-20.5%.
2) sweet potato and the efficient implantation methods that February, your beautiful writings was made, can obviously improve soil nutrient status, the soil organism contains
Amount improves 15.46%-22.42%, and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content improves 8.12%-13.06%, and available phosphorus contents improve 5.89%-
9.79%, quick-acting potassium content improves 6.3%-9.42%.The improvement of edaphic condition can further improve the yield of second stubble crop, spring
Broadcast millet output increased 5.86%-13.62%.
3) present invention also offers a kind of and sweet potato and the supporting Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator of eryuelan, it can adjust the row of sowing
Away from, density and depth, while passing through the cooperation of three seeding systems, the 1 of sweet potato and two kinds of crops of eryuelan can be achieved:2
Seeding operation, realize the mechanization of sowing, improve sowing efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of provided in an embodiment of the present invention the first sowing assembly made in precision seeder；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of provided in an embodiment of the present invention the second sowing assembly made in precision seeder；
Fig. 3 is provided in an embodiment of the present invention first sowing assembly made in precision seeder and two second sowings
Position relationship schematic diagram (be only illustrated position relation, be not related to signal mechanical structure) of the component in frame.
In figure：
1 first sowing assembly, 101 first support frames, 102 first land wheels, 103 first speed changers, 104 first seed-boxes,
105 first grain conductors, 106 first feed mechanism for seeds, 107 first seed openers；
2 second sowing assemblies, 201 second support frames, 202 second land wheels, 203 second speed changers, 204 second seed casees,
205 second grain conductors, 206 second feed mechanism for seeds, 207 second seed openers；
4 frames, 401 first crossbeams, 402 second cross beams, 405 trifilar suspensions；
5U shape hoops.
Embodiment
In order to illustrate the technical characterstic of the present invention, below by embodiment, and Figure of description is combined, to scheme
It is illustrated.
Reference picture 1~4 a, inter-species makees precision seeder, including frame 4, first sowing assembly 1 and two second sowings
Component 2；
The frame 4 includes trifilar suspension 405 and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame includes making precision seeder along between described
Direct of travel the opposite direction first crossbeam 401 and second cross beam 402 that set gradually；
First sowing assembly 1 includes the first support frame 101, the first land wheel 102, the first coverer, the first speed changer
103rd, the first seed-box 104, the first grain conductor 105, the first feed mechanism for seed 106 and the first seed opener 107；First ground
The 102, first coverer of wheel, the first speed changer 103, the first seed-box 104 and the first seed opener 107 may be contained within described
On first support frame 101, first support frame 101 is arranged on the second cross beam 402, and first sowing assembly 1 is led to
First support frame 101 is crossed to be arranged on the second cross beam 402, and first land wheel 102, the first coverer, first
The seed-box 104 of speed changer 103 and first is successively set on described first along the direct of travel for making Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator between described
On support 101, first feed mechanism for seed 106 is arranged on first seed opener 107, first grain conductor 105
Upper end open is connected with first seed-box 104, the lower ending opening of first grain conductor 105 and first feed mechanism for seed
106 seed inlet connection, and the input transmission that first land wheel 102 passes through driving chain and first speed changer 103
Connection, the output end of first speed changer 103 is connected by driving chain with first feed mechanism for seed 106；
Second sowing assembly 2 includes the second support frame 201, the second land wheel 202, the second coverer, the second speed changer
203rd, second seed case 204, the second grain conductor 205, the second feed mechanism for seed 206 and the second seed opener 207；Second ground
The 202, second coverer of wheel, the second speed changer 203, the seed opener 207 of second seed case 204 and second may be contained within described
On second support frame 201, second support frame 201 is arranged on the second cross beam 402, and second sowing assembly 2 is led to
Second support frame 201 is crossed to be arranged on the second cross beam 402, and second land wheel 202, the second coverer, second
Speed changer 203 and second seed case 204 are successively set on described second along the direct of travel for making Precision Seeding fertilizer applicator between described
On support 201, second feed mechanism for seed 206 is arranged on second seed opener 207, second grain conductor 205
Upper end open is connected with the second seed case 204, the lower ending opening of second grain conductor 205 and second feed mechanism for seed
206 seed inlet connection, and the input transmission that second land wheel 202 passes through driving chain and second speed changer 203
Connection, the output end of second speed changer 203 is connected by driving chain with second feed mechanism for seed 206；
And the position relationship of first sowing assembly 1 and two the second sowing assemblies 2 in the frame 4 is met
The second sowing assembly 2, the first sowing assembly 1 and the second sowing assembly 2 are followed successively by the horizontal direction of the frame 4.
The present invention, can be with by placing a kind of vegetable seeds respectively in the first seed-box 104 and second seed case 204
The line number proportioning for realizing two kinds of seeds is 1:2, and the first sowing assembly 1 and the second sowing assembly 2 can make Precision Seeding along between described
The horizontal direction movement of machine, realizes that line-spacing size is various adjustable, in the first speed changer 103 and the base of the second speed changer 203
Increase flywheel-type speed changer on plinth, realize that spacing in the rows size is various adjustable, first land wheel 102 is set by apparatus capable of fluctuating
In on first support frame 101, second land wheel 202 is arranged on second support frame 201 by apparatus capable of fluctuating,
Realize that seed level is adjustable, so as to make the problem of Mechanization sowing and suppression of soil between solving two kinds of vegetable seeds, realize
Sowed between two kinds of vegetable seeds and suppression of soil is in one, convenient and practical beneficial to the popularization of interplanting mode, cost
It is low.
In one embodiment of the application, first support frame 101 is removable installed in the second cross beam 402
On to realize that first sowing assembly 1 can be moved along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described, and first sowing assembly 1
Mobile range be 10cm-50cm；Second support frame 201 is removable installed on the second cross beam 402 to realize
Second sowing assembly 2 can be moved along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described, and the mobile width of second sowing assembly 2
Spend for 10cm-50cm；First sowing assembly 11 and the second sowing assembly 22 can be moved along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described
It is dynamic, realize line-spacing adjustable.
It is preferred that, first support frame 101 is removable installed on the second cross beam 402 by u tie 55, institute
The second support frame 201 is stated to be removable installed on the second cross beam 402 by u tie 55.
In one embodiment of the application, the drive input of first feed mechanism for seed 106 is provided with flywheel-type speed change
Device, the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, the output end of first speed changer 103
It is connected by driving chain with the flywheel-type variator on the drive input of the first feed mechanism for seed 106；In the first speed change
Increase flywheel-type speed changer on the basis of device 101, add the diversity of the actual seeding speed of the first feed mechanism for seed 106, increase
The diversity of the big minor adjustment of spacing in the rows；The drive input of second feed mechanism for seed 206 is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, described to fly
Wheel transmission includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, and the output end of second speed changer 203 passes through transmission
Chain is connected with the flywheel-type variator on the drive input of the second feed mechanism for seed 206；In the base of the second speed changer 203
Increase flywheel-type speed changer on plinth, add the diversity of the actual seeding speed of the second feed mechanism for seed 206, add spacing in the rows size
The diversity of regulation；Flywheel-type transmission-like is similar to the flywheel on bicycle rear.
In one embodiment of the application, directly next to the first sowing assembly 1 and the transverse direction of the second sowing assembly 2 between
Spacing be 30cm-50cm.
In one embodiment of the application, first land wheel 102 is arranged at described first by apparatus capable of fluctuating
On support 101, the seed level for realizing the first sowing assembly 1 is adjustable；Second land wheel 202 is arranged at institute by apparatus capable of fluctuating
State on the second support frame 201, the seed level for realizing the second sowing assembly 2 is adjustable.
Following embodiments uses above-mentioned Interplanting apparatus.
A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
(1) stubble-cleaning site preparation
Stalk length after straw chopping and returning operation, crushing is carried out to preceding crop stalk with stalk crasher before sowing
3cm~6cm, straw chopping qualification rate >=90%, shed uneven rate≤10%.With rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1~2 time, depth 15cm
~25cm.
It is preferred that the rotary cultivator with land presser carries out tillage operation.
(2) using line-spacing Precision Seedings such as precision seeders
Sweet potato makees with your beautiful writings in February, is in the ranks sowed using entering as precision seeder between above-mentioned, sows and uses 1:2 grade line-spacing bars
Broadcast, i.e. 1 row sweet potato and 2 row eryuelans, scheme are as follows：
A. sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing 50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity
45kg/hm2, seed level 5cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.
The program is sowed suitable for high-yield field.
B. sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing 30cm, sweet potato sowing quantity
75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm.
The program is sowed suitable for middle-and-low-yielding fields.
(3) disposably topdress
Period of seedling establishment is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose impose speed
Molten type chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc., topdress application in the ranks, depth 3cm-5cm.
(4) cradle and turn over
Initial bloom stage is cradled, height for the stubble left 5cm-10cm using hay mover to full-bloom stage to sweet potato, eryuelan through row, or
Crushed and turned over to topsoil using straw counters-field set.
It is preferred that being cradled with the hay mover for flattening function.
In addition, sweet potato, eryuelan are emerged to the field management that turns over is cradled, such as irrigation, draining, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, which are regarded, works as
Season is actually occurred depending on situation, is nonessential step, and can be solved with common technical means in the art.
In order to verify the specific application effect of the present invention, following experiment has been carried out respectively：
In specific process of the test, sweet potato kind be Shandong sweet potato 1 (green manure of Shandong Province's Germplasm Resources of Farm Crop seed selection or
Feeding kind), February, orchid species were blue No. 1 (the blue flower variety of Shandong Province's Germplasm Resources of Farm Crop seed selection) in Shandong, and millet variety is
Ji paddy 18 (the spring paddy kind of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences's seed selection).Between make precision seeder as described above, mower-crusher be 9GYQ-
2.4 types (Shanghai Star Modern Farm Machinery Co., Ltd.) straw counters-field set is 1JH-172 types (the limited public affairs of the double day machine-building in Hebei
Department), make precision seeder, mower-crusher, straw counters-field set and provide power by Dongfanghong 504 (group is dragged by China one).It is used
Fertilizer is Diammonium phosphate (DAP) (13-44-0, the production of Lu-Bei Enterprise Clique parent company of Shandong Province), composite fertilizer (15-15-15, Shandong Shi Dan
Sharp chemical fertilizer limited company production).
Test site in October, 2015 in May, 2016 Jinan City, Shandong Province Licheng District carry out, choose high-yield field and
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 are carried out in 2 plot of middle-and-low-yielding fields respectively, at the same set etc. line-spacing, etc. application rate sweet potato and eryuelan
For comparative example.Sow within 10 and 8 days 2015, on April 23rd, 2016 cradle measure yield, representational 5 are randomly selected respectively
Individual cell is cradled, plot area 4m2(2m × 2m), height for the stubble left 5cm weighs the fresh weight of sweet potato and eryuelan, is averaged respectively
Value calculates yield.On April 24th, 2016 is crushed using straw counters-field set and turned over to topsoil.On May 10th, 2016, soil sampling, was determined
Essential nutrient contents of soil, each testing site is distinguished at random soil sampling 5,0cm-30cm, and the soil organism, alkali are determined after mixing
Nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus, available potassium equal size are solved, is averaged, assay method reference《The Soil K+adsorptions of NY/T 1121》.May 10 in 2016
Day sowing millet, the amount of broadcasting is 7.5kg/hm2, line-spacing 50cm, base fertilizer is composite fertilizer (15-15-15) 450kg/hm2, period of seedling establishment imposes
Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm2, topdress application in the ranks, depth 3cm-5cm.September surveys production on 2nd, randomly selects representational 5 small
Area is harvested, plot area 4m2(2m × 2m), height for the stubble left 5cm is separately dried threshing, converts average product.
(1) embodiment 1
Sow scheme in high-yield field：Sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing
50cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 45kg/hm2, seed level 5cm.
(2) embodiment 2
Middle-and-low-yielding fields sow scheme：Sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, i.e. 1 row sweet potato are made with 2 row your beautiful writings in February, line-spacing
30cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm.
(3) comparative example 1
High-yield field sweet potato contrast sowing scheme：Line-spacing 50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 45kg/hm2, seed level 5cm.
(4) comparative example 2
High-yield field eryuelan contrast sowing scheme：Line-spacing 50cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.
(5) comparative example 3
Middle-and-low-yielding fields sweet potato contrasts sowing scheme：Line-spacing 30cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm.
(6) comparative example 4
Middle-and-low-yielding fields eryuelan contrasts sowing scheme：Line-spacing 30cm, eryuelan sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm.
Field experiment result is as shown in table 1-3：
The biological yield contrast of the embodiment of table 1. and comparative example
The biological yield contrast average result of embodiment and comparative example is shown in Table 1, compared with sweet potato, eryuelan nonoculture, this hair
Central bay makees that both biological yields can be significantly improved, and villose vetch biological yield improves 24.1%-34.4%, eryuelan biomass
14.9%-20.5% can be improved.
The soil Main Nutrients contrast of the embodiment of table 2. and comparative example
The soil Main Nutrients average result of embodiment and comparative example, which is shown in Table between 2, the present invention, makees that the soil organism can be improved
Content 15.46%-22.42%, improves alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content 8.12%-13.06%, improves available phosphorus contents 5.89%-9.79%,
Improve quick-acting potassium content 6.3%-9.42%.
The millet yield comparison of the embodiment of table 3. and comparative example
| Test process | Yield (kg/hm2) | Amplification (%) |
| Embodiment 1 | 288.45 | / |
| Comparative example 1 | 272.47 | 5.86 |
| Comparative example 2 | 268.14 | 7.57 |
| Embodiment 2 | 185.42 | / |
| Comparative example 3 | 168.32 | 10.16 |
| Comparative example 4 | 163.19 | 13.62 |
The millet yield average result of embodiment and comparative example, which is shown in Table between 3, the present invention, makees that the production of second stubble crop millet can be improved
Measure 5.86%-13.62%.
Simply the preferred embodiment of the present invention described above, for those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications are also regarded as this hair
Bright protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
(1) stubble-cleaning site preparation
Stalk length 3cm- after straw chopping and returning operation, crushing is carried out to preceding crop stalk with stalk crasher before sowing
6cm；Then with rotary cultivator rotary tillage 1-2 times, depth 15cm-25cm；
(2) the line-spacing Precision Seeding such as
Sweet potato makees with your beautiful writings in February, is entered using seeding machinery and in the ranks sowed, and sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 30cm-
50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 45kg/hm2-75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm-5cm；Eryuelan sowing quantity 15kg/hm2-30kg/hm2, broadcast
Deep 1cm-2cm；
(3) disposably topdress
Period of seedling establishment is according to N 40kg/hm2-55kg/hm2And P2O5 120kg/hm2-165kg/hm2Effective dose topdress, apply
In the ranks, depth 3cm-5cm；
(4) cradle and turn over
Initial bloom stage is cradled to full-bloom stage using hay mover to sweet potato, eryuelan, height for the stubble left 5cm-10cm, or is used
Straw counters-field set is crushed and turned over to topsoil.
2. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step (2) is applied to high yield
Field wait line-spacing Precision Seeding be：Sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 50cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 45kg/hm2, seed level 5cm, two
The moon blue sowing quantity 15kg/hm2, seed level 2cm.
3. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step (2) is low in being applied to
Production field wait line-spacing Precision Seeding be：Sowing uses 1:2 grade line-spacing drillings, line-spacing 30cm, sweet potato sowing quantity 75kg/hm2, seed level 4cm,
Eryuelan sowing quantity 30kg/hm2, seed level 1cm.
4. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the step
(1) straw chopping qualification rate >=90%, shed uneven rate≤10%, using with land presser rotary cultivator carry out tillage operation.
5. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the step
(2) using the sweet potato kind that biomass is big, cold hardiness is strong；Using biomass is big, florescence length orchid species in February.
6. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the step
(3) topdress uses Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer.
7. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method as described in any one in claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the step
(4) cradled using with the hay mover for flattening function.
Make precision seeder between 8. a kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method in and claim 1-3 described in any one is supporting, its
It is characterized in, including frame, first sowing assembly and two the second sowing assemblies；
The frame includes trifilar suspension and rectangular frame, and the rectangular frame is included along the traveling side for making precision seeder between described
To the opposite direction first crossbeam and second cross beam that set gradually；
First sowing assembly include the first support frame, the first land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed changer, the first seed-box,
First grain conductor, the first feed mechanism for seed and the first seed opener；
First land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed changer, the first seed-box and the first seed opener may be contained within institute
State on the first support frame, first support frame is arranged on the second cross beam, first sowing assembly passes through described
One support frame is arranged on the second cross beam, and first land wheel, the first coverer, the first speed changer and the first seed
The direct of travel for making precision seeder between case edge is described is successively set on first support frame, and first feed mechanism for seed is arranged at institute
State on the first seed opener, the upper end open of first grain conductor is connected with first seed-box, described first leads kind
The lower ending opening of pipe is connected with the seed inlet of first feed mechanism for seed, and first land wheel passes through driving chain and described first
The input drive connection of speed changer, the output end of first speed changer is driven by driving chain and first feed mechanism for seed
Connection；
Second sowing assembly include the second support frame, the second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed changer, second seed case,
Second grain conductor, the second feed mechanism for seed and the second seed opener；
Second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed changer, second seed case and the second seed opener may be contained within institute
State on the second support frame, second support frame is arranged on the second cross beam, second sowing assembly passes through described
Two support frames are arranged on the second cross beam, and second land wheel, the second coverer, the second speed changer and second seed
The direct of travel for making precision seeder between case edge is described is successively set on second support frame, and second feed mechanism for seed is arranged at institute
State on the second seed opener, the upper end open of second grain conductor is connected with the second seed case, described second leads kind
The lower ending opening of pipe is connected with the seed inlet of second feed mechanism for seed, and second land wheel passes through driving chain and described second
The input drive connection of speed changer, the output end of second speed changer is driven by driving chain and second feed mechanism for seed
Connection；
And the position relationship of first sowing assembly and two the second sowing assemblies in the frame is met in the machine
The second sowing assembly, the first sowing assembly and the second sowing assembly are followed successively by the horizontal direction of frame.
9. make precision seeder between as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, first support frame is removable installed in described the
To realize that first sowing assembly can be moved along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described on two crossbeams, and first sowing
The mobile range of component is 10cm-50cm；Second support frame is removable installed on the second cross beam to realize
Stating the second sowing assembly can move along the horizontal direction for making precision seeder between described, and the mobile range of second sowing assembly is
10cm-50cm。
10. make precision seeder between as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, the drive input of first feed mechanism for seed is provided with
Flywheel-type speed changer, the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters sheet sprocket wheel not of uniform size, first speed changer
Output end be connected by driving chain with the flywheel-type variator on the first feed mechanism for seed drive input；Described
The drive input of two feed mechanism for seeds is provided with flywheel-type speed changer, and it is not of uniform size that the flywheel-type speed changer includes several external diameters
Sheet sprocket wheel, the output end of second speed changer passes through driving chain and flying on the second feed mechanism for seed drive input
Wheel transmission is connected.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710349229.XA CN106962005A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-05-17 | A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710349229.XA CN106962005A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-05-17 | A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder |
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| CN106962005A true CN106962005A (en) | 2017-07-21 |
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ID=59325895
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| CN201710349229.XA Withdrawn CN106962005A (en) | 2017-05-17 | 2017-05-17 | A kind of Winter paddy field Efficient utilization method and with sleeving intercropping precision seeder |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575640A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN108575592A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of light simplified villose vetch seed production methods and mating cleaning plant |
| CN108651189A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of three crops per annual wheat, corn and the efficient implantation methods of soybean intercropping and interplanting |
| CN108739101A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of high-quality villose vetch hay production method and mating mix up precision seeder |
-
2017
- 2017-05-17 CN CN201710349229.XA patent/CN106962005A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108575592A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of light simplified villose vetch seed production methods and mating cleaning plant |
| CN108739101A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-11-06 | 山东省农作物种质资源中心 | A kind of high-quality villose vetch hay production method and mating mix up precision seeder |
| CN108575592B (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2023-07-04 | 山东绿肥生态科技有限公司 | Production method of light-simplified Mao She seed and matched cleaning device |
| CN108575640A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-28 | 山东省花生研究所 | A kind of implantation methods preventing peanut continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN108651189A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-16 | 塔里木大学 | A kind of three crops per annual wheat, corn and the efficient implantation methods of soybean intercropping and interplanting |
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Application publication date: 20170721 |