CN114747453B - Mechanized planting method for oil peonies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a mechanized planting method of oil peony, which relates to the technical field of plant planting, and comprises the following steps: (1) land preparation before 9 months of planting: comprises weeding, applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing, sun-drying and rotary tillage which are sequentially carried out; (2) planting seedlings in 10 months: determining a specific cultivation mode according to precipitation: when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, planting furrows are opened, seedlings are transplanted into the planting furrows, each planting furrows are transplanted with two rows of seedlings, and a mechanical channel is arranged between every two adjacent planting furrows; ditching and ridging when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, planting on the ridges, wherein two rows of seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the ditches between adjacent ridges are mechanical channels; (3) The method comprises the steps of performing weeding treatment for three times after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing for 3-5 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests; (4) mechanical harvesting is adopted. Ensures higher yield, improves the survival rate of the peony and greatly reduces the investment cost of the manual labor.

Description

Mechanized planting method for oil peonies

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant planting, in particular to a mechanized planting method of oil peony.

Background

In the prior art related to oil peony planting, the peony planting adopts a wide-narrow row mode to plant, each group of wide-narrow rows comprises two rows of oil peonies, and the planting mode can form a good group effect to suppress weeds, but the weeds are required to be weeding in a mode of biological weed control or mechanical weeding, otherwise, the weeds can grow too much. In the prior art, the planting mode of wide and narrow rows needs to be matched with other facilities, such as a fertilization facility and a harvesting instrument, so that a good effect can be achieved, but the matched measures are relatively high in cost.

In addition, in the oil peony planting method in the prior art, most of peony seedlings can die in seedling period due to improper irrigation mode and water consumption and can not be well matched with a wide-narrow row planting mode, so that the survival rate is affected, and the yield is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a mechanized planting method of oil peonies, which selects proper planting modes according to different areas, improves the survival rate of peonies according to local conditions, performs whole-process mechanical planting and maintenance management on the oil peonies, and greatly reduces the investment cost of manual labor.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a mechanized planting method of oil peony, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Land preparation is carried out before planting in 9 months: comprises weeding, applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing, sun-drying and rotary tillage which are sequentially carried out;

(2) And (5) planting seedlings in 10 months:

determining a specific cultivation mode according to precipitation:

when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, planting furrows are opened, seedlings are transplanted into the planting furrows, each planting furrows are transplanted with two rows of seedlings, and a mechanical channel is arranged between every two adjacent planting furrows;

ditching and ridging when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, planting on the ridges, wherein two rows of seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the ditches between adjacent ridges are mechanical channels;

(3) The method comprises the steps of performing weeding treatment for three times in 4 months of the next year after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing for 3-5 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

(4) Mechanical harvesting is adopted.

Preferably, the base fertilizer comprises decomposed manure, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, insecticide and bactericide; the dosage of the decomposed stable manure is 800-1500 kg/mu, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu, the dosage of the pesticide is 10-15 kg/mu, and the dosage of the bactericide is 4-5 kg/mu.

Preferably, the depth of deep ploughing and tedding is 30-50 cm, and the depth of rotary tillage is 45-50 cm.

Preferably, the seedling planting method further comprises the step of seedling treatment:

selecting seedlings which grow for 2-3 years and have a seedling length of 18-20 cm and a main stem seedling diameter of 4-5 cm, and reserving 1-2 main roots;

bundling the seedlings, putting 45-55 plants in each bundle, soaking the bundled seedlings in a disinfectant for 25-35 min, and putting the seedlings in a ventilated and shade-dried place for 1-2 days.

Preferably, in the seedling planting, the row spacing of the planting rows is 0.5-0.6 m, the double row width is 1-1.2 m, and the mechanical channel width is 0.8-1.2 m.

Preferably, the seedling planting method comprises the following steps:

when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, a planting ditch is opened, the planting ditch width is 1-1.2 m, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, a mechanical channel is arranged between adjacent planting ditches, seedlings are transplanted into the planting ditches, the aperture of the seedling is 8-12 cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm;

when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, ridging is provided with drainage ditches, the ridging width is 1-1.2 m, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, mechanical channels are arranged between adjacent ridges, seedlings are planted on the ridges, the aperture of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and the soil covering depth is 15-20 cm.

Preferably, the three weeding treatments from 4 months of the next year after planting specifically include: performing first weeding after planting the oil peonies, and spraying flupirtine and a sealing agent; performing secondary weeding in 3 months of the next year, and performing intertillage treatment with the depth of 12-15 cm; and 4 months in the next year, performing third weeding, and adopting mechanical weeding.

Preferably, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied in a mechanical fertilization mode in 2-11 months of the next year; applying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times in 3-11 months of the next year; the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 140-160 kg/mu each year.

Preferably, the irrigation is performed by sprinkling irrigation or drip irrigation, and the water content of the irrigation maintaining soil is below 10%.

Preferably, the specific treatment steps for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests are as follows: the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the methyl iso-salidrone is adopted for root irrigation treatment in 5 months to 6 months of the next year; and spraying the medicament for preventing and treating the disease at the initial stage of the disease, wherein the spraying is carried out for 2 to 4 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 8 to 12 days.

The invention provides a mechanized planting method of oil peonies, which adopts a mechanized planting mode of 'double rows and mechanical channels', ensures higher yield, and adopts the later mechanized fertilization, the mechanized pest control and the mechanized seed picking. According to different areas, a proper planting mode is selected, planting is performed on ridges in areas with more rainwater, drainage is facilitated, ditching planting is performed in arid areas, water collection is facilitated, and fields are reasonably utilized to a great extent; according to local conditions, the survival rate of the peony is improved. The oil peony is mechanically planted, maintained and managed in the whole process, so that the investment cost of the manual labor is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of Paeonia ostii double row planting;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a double row planting of purple spots;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a ditching planting;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of planting on a ridge;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sterilization case;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of mechanical planting;

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a mechanical coating;

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a film coating;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of mechanical weeding;

FIG. 10 is a schematic illustration of mechanical topdressing;

fig. 11 is a schematic illustration of unmanned aerial vehicle topdressing;

FIG. 12 is a schematic view of spray irrigation;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of drip irrigation;

FIG. 14 is a schematic illustration of a mechanical spray;

fig. 15 is a schematic illustration of unmanned aerial vehicle spray;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of mechanical recovery.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a mechanized planting method of oil peony, which comprises the following steps:

(1) Land preparation is carried out before planting in 9 months: comprises weeding, applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing, sun-drying and rotary tillage which are sequentially carried out;

(2) And (5) planting seedlings in 10 months:

determining a specific cultivation mode according to precipitation:

when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, planting furrows are opened, seedlings are transplanted into the planting furrows, each planting furrows are transplanted with two rows of seedlings, and a mechanical channel is arranged between every two adjacent planting furrows;

ditching and ridging when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, planting on the ridges, wherein two rows of seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the ditches between adjacent ridges are mechanical channels;

(3) The method comprises the steps of performing weeding treatment for three times in 4 months of the next year after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing for 3-5 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

(4) Mechanical harvesting is adopted.

In the invention, land preparation is carried out before planting in 9 months: comprises weeding, applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing, sun-drying and rotary tillage which are sequentially carried out. In the invention, a base fertilizer is applied during soil preparation, and the base fertilizer preferably comprises decomposed manure, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, insecticide and bactericide; the dosage of the decomposed manure is preferably 800-1500 kg/mu, more preferably 1000-1300 kg/mu, and still more preferably 1100-1200 kg/mu; the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably 40-50 kg/mu, more preferably 42-48 kg/mu, and still more preferably 44-46 kg/mu; in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 15:15:15; the pesticide is preferably phoxim granule bactericide, the dosage of the pesticide is preferably 10-15 kg/mu, more preferably 11-14 kg/mu, and even more preferably 12-13 kg/mu; the bactericide is preferably carbendazim, and the dosage of the bactericide is preferably 4-5 kg/mu, more preferably 4.2-4.8 kg/mu, and even more preferably 4.4-4.6 kg/mu.

In the invention, after the base fertilizer is applied, deep ploughing and tedding are carried out, and rotary tillage is carried out, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing and tedding is preferably 30-50 cm, more preferably 35-45 cm, still more preferably 38-42 cm; the depth of the rotary tillage is preferably 45-50 cm, more preferably 46-49 cm, and even more preferably 47-48 cm; the time of rotary tillage is preferably 8-10 days before planting.

In the invention, after planting and soil preparation, the seedling treatment is preferably carried out before planting, the transplanted seedlings are subjected to unified treatment, the unified treatment comprises seedlings Ping Cha which are grown for more than 2 years, stubble leveling positions are higher than teeth of the peony seedlings, and the purpose of stubble leveling is to cut off useless parts, preserve nutrition and send out more buds, namely, the parts of branches without buds are completely cut off, and the remained stem parts account for 80% of the original length.

In the invention, the nursery stock treatment further comprises the following steps:

selecting seedlings which grow for 2-3 years and have a seedling length of 18-20 cm and a main stem seedling diameter of 4-5 cm, and reserving 1-2 main roots;

bundling the seedlings, putting 45-55 plants in each bundle, soaking the bundled seedlings in a disinfectant for 25-35 min, and putting the seedlings in a ventilated and shade-dried place for 1-2 days.

In the seedling treatment of the invention, in order to bloom and fruit as early as possible, the seedling age of the seedling is preferably 2-3 years, and more preferably 2.5 years; the seedling length is preferably 18 to 20cm, more preferably 19cm; the diameter of the main stem seedling is preferably 4-5 cm, and more preferably 4.5cm; the number of the reserved main roots is preferably 1 to 2, more preferably 1.

In the seedling treatment of the invention, the selected seedlings are subjected to bundling treatment, wherein the number of seedlings bundled per bundle is preferably 45-55, more preferably 48-53, still more preferably 50-52; soaking and sterilizing the bundled seedlings with a disinfectant, wherein the soaking and sterilizing time is preferably 25-35 min, and more preferably 28-32 min; the disinfectant is preferably 0.1% by mass of chocolate root or 0.1% by mass of carbendazim.

In the invention, after the seedling treatment, the seedling planting is carried out in 10 months, wherein in the seedling planting, the row spacing of planting rows is preferably 0.5-0.6 m, and more preferably 0.55m; the double line width is preferably 1 to 1.2m, more preferably 1.1m; the mechanical channel width is preferably 0.8 to 1.2m, more preferably 1m.

In the invention, the seedling planting comprises the following steps:

when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, a planting ditch is opened, the planting ditch width is 1-1.2 m, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, a mechanical channel is arranged between adjacent planting ditches, seedlings are transplanted into the planting ditches, the aperture of the seedling is 8-12 cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm;

when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, ridging is provided with drainage ditches, the ridging width is 1-1.2 m, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, mechanical channels are arranged between adjacent ridges, seedlings are planted on the ridges, the aperture of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and the soil covering depth is 15-20 cm.

In the invention, in arid areas with less rainfall and severe cold, the problems of water retention and heat preservation are considered in the planting process, and a mechanical film coating mode is adopted in the planting process.

In the seedling planting of the invention, the width of the planting ditch is preferably 1-1.2 m, and more preferably 1.1m; the depth of the planting groove is preferably 35-40 cm, more preferably 36-38 cm; the width of the ridge is preferably 1-1.2 m, and more preferably 1.1m; the depth of the drainage ditch is preferably 35-40 cm, and more preferably 36-38 cm; the aperture of the seedling is preferably 8-12 cm, more preferably 9-11 cm, and even more preferably 10cm; the depth of the covering soil is preferably 15 to 20cm, more preferably 16 to 18cm.

In the invention, weeding management is carried out after planting, and the weeding treatment for three times from 4 months to 4 months of the next year is specifically as follows:

performing first weeding after planting the oil peonies, and spraying flupirtine and a sealing agent;

performing secondary weeding in 3 months of the next year, and performing intertillage treatment with the depth of 12-15 cm;

and 4 months in the next year, performing third weeding, and adopting mechanical weeding.

In the invention, the concentration of the first weeding spray flupirtine is preferably 100-120 g/L, more preferably 105-115 g/L, and even more preferably 106-110 g/L; the sealing agent is preferably one or more of acetochlor, butachlor and atrazine and an acetochlor-atrazine mixture; the closed herbicide is soil treating agent, and is produced through spraying herbicide onto soil to form pesticide layer in certain thickness and to kill weed when the bud, seedling and root system of weed seed are absorbed.

In the present invention, the second weeding time is preferably 3 months, more preferably 3 months and ten days above; the cultivation depth is preferably 12-15 cm, and more preferably 13-14 cm; at the same time, the sprouted weeds can be removed.

In the invention, the time for the third weeding is preferably 4 months, more preferably Zhang She from the oil peony, and the rapid growth period is started; the mechanical weeding is preferably performed using a small hand machine, which is commercially available.

In the invention, fertilization and topdressing treatment are carried out after planting, and the specific treatment steps of mechanical fertilization and topdressing are as follows:

applying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in the mode of mechanical fertilization in the next year of 2-11 months;

applying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times in 3-11 months of the next year;

the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 140-160 kg/mu each year.

In the invention, the mechanical fertilization mode is adopted for fertilization in 2-3 months of the next year, so that the germination and the growth of the peony are promoted; the mechanical fertilization comprises two modes of mechanical normal fertilization and liquid fertilization, wherein the mechanical normal fertilization adjusts the plow distance of the machine according to the line distance of the peony plants, the fertilizer is filled into a carriage for fertilization, the liquid fertilization dissolves the fertilizer into water, the fertilization is carried out through drip irrigation or spray irrigation, and the additional fertilization adopts a liquid fertilization mode.

In the invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer for fertilization is a commercially available 15-15-15 nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced compound fertilizer, and is evenly fertilized for three times, wherein the fertilization period is preferably 3 months of early spring fertilizer, 5 months of late flowers and 11 months of early winter fertilizer.

In the invention, the fertilizer application amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably 140-160 kg/mu each year, more preferably 145-155 kg/mu, and even more preferably 150 kg/mu.

In the invention, the foliar fertilizer is preferably mixed liquid of 1% of urea and 2% of calcium superphosphate, the fertilizing mode is preferably liquid fertilization, the total topdressing amount is preferably 140-160 kg/mu, more preferably 145-155 kg/mu, still more preferably 150 kg/mu; the top dressing times are preferably 3 times, and the top dressing period is preferably 3 months of early spring fertilizer, 5 months of late flower fertilizer and 11 months of early winter fertilizer.

In the invention, the irrigation is carried out once after the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is applied each time, and the irrigation is preferably spray irrigation or drip irrigation, and the drip irrigation is applicable to arid and semiarid regions; the water content of the irrigation maintaining soil is preferably below 10%; the peony does not like water, is cold-resistant and can not resist waterlogging, and the spraying time is not too long no matter drip irrigation or spray irrigation, so that the peony can meet the normal growth and development.

In the invention, after planting, the method also comprises the following specific treatment steps of preventing and treating diseases and insect pests:

the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the methyl iso-salidrone is adopted for root irrigation treatment in 5 months to 6 months of the next year;

and spraying the medicament for preventing and treating the disease at the initial stage of the disease, wherein the spraying is carried out for 2 to 4 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 8 to 12 days.

In the invention, the methyl iso-willow root irrigation is preferably diluted 500 times, and the phoxim root irrigation is preferably 50% emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times.

In the invention, the spraying agent is preferably carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, and the spraying agent is mixed with foliar fertilizer or sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle; the use concentration of the carbendazim is preferably 500 to 800 times of 50 percent of carbendazim wettable powder, and the use concentration of the thiophanate methyl is preferably 700 to 1000 times of 50 percent of thiophanate methyl wettable powder or 800 to 1200 times of 70 percent of thiophanate methyl wettable powder; the number of spraying times is preferably 2 to 4, more preferably 3, and the spraying interval is preferably 8 to 12 days, more preferably 9 to 11 days, still more preferably 10 days.

In the invention, mechanical harvesting is adopted, and the mechanical harvesting technology utilizes an infrared intelligent identification system to harvest peony seeds under the driving of machinery; the picking technology is suitable for wide and narrow row planting fields, the left arm and the right arm are mechanically extended to carry out picking, and the length of the arms is determined according to the row width.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Selecting Paeonia ostii seedlings which grow for 2.5 years, have seedling lengths of 19cm and main stem seedling diameters of 4.5cm, reserving 1 main root, bundling the seedlings, placing 50 bundles of seedlings in 0.1% of chocolate root solution, soaking the roots for 30min, and placing in a ventilated shade for 2 days. Preparing soil before planting in 9 months, weeding and applying base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 1100 kg/mu of decomposed manure, 45 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 12 kg/mu of phoxim granule bactericide and 4.5 kg/mu of carbendazim, and then deep ploughing and sun-drying with the depth of 40cm, and then rotary tillage with the depth of 48cm. Planting seedlings 10 days after rotary tillage, digging planting trenches in the area with annual precipitation less than 400mm, wherein the ditching depth is 40cm, transplanting the seedlings into the planting trenches, transplanting two rows of seedlings in each planting trench, arranging a mechanical channel between adjacent planting trenches, arranging the aperture of the lower seedling to be 10cm, covering soil, and arranging a mechanical channel between adjacent planting trenches; the planting row spacing is 0.55m, the planting ditch is 1.1m in double row width, and the mechanical channel width is 1m. And (3) performing weeding treatment for three times in 4 months of the next year after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing for 4 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The first weeding is carried out after the oil peony is planted, 108g/L of fluopyram is sprayed to be matched with the sealing agent acetochlor to uniformly spray the herbicide on the soil to form a medicine layer with a certain thickness, the second weeding is carried out in 3 months of the next year, the intertillage treatment with the depth of 14cm is carried out, the oil peony starts Zhang She in 4 months of the next year, the rapid growth period is entered, the third weeding is carried out, and the small-sized hand mechanical weeding is adopted. Performing fertilization and topdressing treatment after planting, applying a total amount of 150 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer by adopting mechanical normal fertilization, and uniformly applying fertilizers for three times, wherein the fertilization period is 3 months old, 5 middle ten days and 11 months old, adjusting the mechanical plough pitch according to the line spacing of peony plants, loading the fertilizers into a carriage for fertilization, and performing irrigation once after each application of 50 kg/mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, so that the water content of soil is kept to be preferably below 10%; the foliar fertilizer is applied for 3 times in 3-11 months of the next year, the foliar fertilizer is mixed by 1% of urea and 2% of calcium superphosphate, the number of the additional fertilizer is preferably 3 times, each additional fertilizer is 50 kg/mu, and the additional fertilizer period is preferably 3 months of early spring fertilizer, 5 months of late flowers and 11 months of early winter fertilizer. The plant diseases and insect pests are controlled, the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting the sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate diluted by 500 times in 5 months to 6 months of the next year, and the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed for 500 times of liquid control in the initial stage of disease occurrence, and the total spraying is carried out for 3 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days. After the ripening, adopting mechanical harvesting, wherein the mechanical harvesting technology utilizes an infrared intelligent recognition system to harvest peony seeds under the driving of machinery; the picking technology is suitable for wide and narrow row planting fields, the left arm and the right arm are mechanically extended to carry out picking, and the length of the arms is determined according to the row width.

Before mechanical planting in a mode of double rows and mechanical channels, 250 kg of seeds are produced per mu in the production period of the oil peony, ridge planting is not performed, accumulated water is not effectively controlled, and rotten roots are easy to die; after mechanical planting in the mode of 'double rows and mechanical channels' in the embodiment 1, the yield per mu is more than 300kg, and the yield is improved by 20%. The oil peony is mechanically planted, maintained and managed in the whole process, so that the investment cost of the manual labor is greatly reduced. The mechanical work efficiency is high, the mechanical planting cost per mu is about 40 yuan according to the comprehensive cost, and the manual planting cost per mu is about 70 yuan. Under the condition of less and less labor force, mechanical planting is adopted, and the cost can be saved by about 43 percent.

Example 2

Selecting 2-year-old seedling with 18cm seedling length and 4cm main stem seedling diameter, reserving 2 main roots, bundling up 45 seedlings, soaking the bundled seedlings in 0.1% carbendazim solution for 25min, and standing in ventilated shade for 1 day. Preparing soil before planting in 9 months, weeding and applying base fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 800 kg/mu of decomposed stable manure, 40 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 11 kg/mu of phoxim granule bactericide and 4 kg/mu of carbendazim, and then deep ploughing and sun-drying with the depth of 35cm, and then rotary tillage with the depth of 45cm. Planting seedlings 8 days after rotary tillage, ditching and ridging in areas with annual precipitation of more than or equal to 400mm, planting on ridges, wherein the ditching depth is 40cm, transplanting the seedlings on the ridges, planting two rows of seedlings on each ridge, wherein the ditches between adjacent ridges are mechanical channels, the aperture of the seedlings is 10cm, and the soil covering depth is 15cm; the planting row spacing is 0.6m, the ridge width is 1.2m for double rows, and the mechanical channel width is 1m. And (3) performing weeding treatment for three times in 4 months of the next year after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing for 4 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. The first weeding is carried out after the oil peony is planted, 108g/L of fluopyram is sprayed to be matched with the sealing agent acetochlor to uniformly spray the herbicide on the soil to form a medicine layer with a certain thickness, the second weeding is carried out in 3 months of the next year, the intertillage treatment with the depth of 14cm is carried out, the oil peony starts Zhang She in 4 months of the next year, the rapid growth period is entered, the third weeding is carried out, and the small-sized hand mechanical weeding is adopted. Performing fertilization and topdressing treatment after planting, wherein the total annual total dosage of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is 150 kg/mu by adopting mechanical normal fertilization, and the fertilization is performed for three times, wherein the fertilization period is 3 months old, 5 months old and 11 months old, the mechanical plough pitch is adjusted according to the line spacing of peony plants, the fertilizer is filled into a carriage for fertilization, irrigation is performed after each time of applying the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, each time of fertilization is 50 kg/mu, and the water content of soil is kept to be preferably less than 10%; the foliar fertilizer is applied for 3 times in 3-11 months of the next year, the foliar fertilizer is mixed by 1% of urea and 2% of calcium superphosphate, the number of the additional fertilizer is preferably 3 times, the additional fertilizer dosage is 50 kg/mu each time, and the additional fertilizer period is preferably 3 months of early spring fertilizer, 5 months of late flowers fertilizer and 11 months of early winter fertilizer. The plant diseases and insect pests are controlled, the root irrigation treatment is carried out by adopting the sulfur-phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate diluted by 500 times in 5 months to 6 months of the next year, and the 50% carbendazim wettable powder is sprayed for 500 times of liquid control in the initial stage of disease occurrence, and the total spraying is carried out for 3 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 10 days. After the ripening, adopting mechanical harvesting, wherein the mechanical harvesting technology utilizes an infrared intelligent recognition system to harvest peony seeds under the driving of machinery; the picking technology is suitable for wide and narrow row planting fields, the left and right arms extend mechanically to collect, and the length of the arms is determined according to the row width.

Comparative example 1

Adopts the traditional cultivation mode and single-row planting without reserving mechanical channels for planting the peony.

Comparative example 2

Adopts a whole-course mechanized cultivation mode matched with single-row planting, and reserves a mechanical channel for planting the peony.

Experimental example

Selection of planting Density

(1) Plant spacing is unchanged, and row spacing is changed

The oil peony is generally two kinds of peony with purple spot and Paeonia ostii. The mechanized planting adopts wide and narrow rows, wide-row mechanical channels and narrow-row planting belts. If the plant spacing is kept unchanged, a hand machine and a small machine are respectively used, and the single-row planting mode and the double-row planting mode are adopted for comparison, and as can be seen from tables 1-1 to 1-4, the double-row mode has the advantages of more seedlings per mu and higher yield.

TABLE 1-1 Paeonia ostii one-row planting Density and seedling quantity

Table 1-2 Paeonia ostii double row planting Density and seedling amount

TABLE 1-3 Single row planting Density and seedling quantity of Paeonia ostii

TABLE 1-4 double row planting Density and seedling quantity of Paeonia maculata

(2) The row spacing is unchanged, and the plant spacing is changed

The row spacing is kept unchanged, a hand machine and a small machine are respectively used, different plant spacing changes are adopted for comparison, and the tables 1-5 and 1-6 can find that smaller plant spacing can ensure that the seedling consumption per mu is more and the yield is higher.

TABLE 1-5 planting Density and seedling quantity of Paeonia maculata in wide and narrow rows at different plant spacing

Table 1-6 Paeonia ostii at different plant spacing planting densities and seedling amounts

Table 2 example 2 and comparative examples 1, 2 planting pattern number of seedlings that can be planted

Cultivation mode	Comparative example 1	Comparative example 2	Example 2
				Plant spacing/m	0.5	0.5	0.5
Line spacing/m	0.8	1.2	1.2
				Number of seedlings/plant	1683	1122	1496

According to the description of table 2, in the mechanized planting mode of the embodiment 2 of the present invention, i.e. double-row planting, although the number of seedlings that can be planted is slightly reduced compared with the number of seedlings planted in a single row in the prior art, a mechanical channel is reserved to facilitate early sowing, middle-period field management, such as fertilization and pesticide spraying, and later harvesting can be combined with the machine, so that the working efficiency is greatly improved, the limitation of shortage of common labor force in rural areas is eliminated, and the yield and seed oil quality of peony seeds for oil can be remarkably improved by timing pesticide spraying and fertilizer application. Compared with the cultivation method in comparative example 2, the number of planted seedlings is obviously increased, land resources are more reasonably utilized, and meanwhile, the double-row cultivation mode can form a group effect, suppress or reduce overgrowth of weeds, indirectly save soil land loss and improve the yield of peony.

The 1496/1122-1=33.33% of the total plant peony seedlings can be planted from the standpoint of the total plant effect and the soil nutrition can be saved. The double-row cultivation and the planting mode of reserving the mechanical channel provided by the invention improve the yield by 33%.

The mechanized planting process adopts a mode of double rows and mechanical channels, so that higher yield can be ensured, and the later mechanized fertilization, mechanized pest control and mechanized seed picking can be ensured. The mechanical channel occupies planting land, the benefit balance points of the land used for the mechanical channel and the planting land are required to be grasped, a good planting mode is adopted, and the land utilization efficiency is improved as much as possible.

According to the embodiment, the mechanical planting method for the oil peonies is provided, the yield is increased by at least 21% by adopting the mechanical planting method, the survival rate of the peonies is improved according to local conditions, the peonies are mechanically planted and maintained and managed in the whole process, and the investment cost of manual labor is greatly reduced. The mechanical work efficiency is high, the mechanical planting cost per mu is about 40 yuan according to the comprehensive cost, and the manual planting cost per mu is about 70 yuan. Under the condition of less and less labor force, mechanical planting is adopted, and the cost can be saved by about 43 percent. And during harvesting, seeds can fall on the ground if the seed setting property of the oil peonies is not timely harvested, so that the oil peonies planted in a large area are negatively influenced.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The mechanized planting method of the oil peony is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) Land preparation is carried out before planting in 9 months: comprises weeding, applying base fertilizer, deep ploughing, sun-drying and rotary tillage which are sequentially carried out;

(2) And (5) planting seedlings in 10 months:

determining a specific cultivation mode according to precipitation:

when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, planting furrows are opened, seedlings are transplanted into the planting furrows, each planting furrows are transplanted with two rows of seedlings, and a mechanical channel is arranged between every two adjacent planting furrows;

ditching and ridging when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, planting on the ridges, wherein two rows of seedlings are planted on each ridge, and the ditches between adjacent ridges are mechanical channels;

(3) The method comprises the steps of performing weeding treatment for three times in 4 months of the next year after planting, mechanically fertilizing and topdressing the foliar fertilizer for 3-5 times, irrigating, and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests;

(4) Mechanical harvesting is adopted;

the base fertilizer comprises decomposed manure, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, insecticide and bactericide; the amount of the decomposed stable manure is 800-1500 kg/mu, the amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg/mu, the amount of the pesticide is 10-15 kg/mu, and the amount of the bactericide is 4-5 kg/mu;

the method also comprises the following steps of: selecting seedlings which grow for 2-3 years and have a seedling length of 18-20 cm and a main stem seedling diameter of 4-5 cm, and reserving 1-2 main roots; bundling the seedlings, wherein each bundle contains 45-55 plants, soaking the bundled seedlings in a disinfectant for 25-35 min at the root, and placing the seedlings in a ventilated and shade-dried place for 1-2 days;

the seedling planting method comprises the following steps: when annual precipitation is less than 400mm, a planting ditch is opened, the planting ditch is 1-1.2 m wide, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, a mechanical channel is arranged between adjacent planting ditches, seedlings are transplanted into the planting ditches, the aperture of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and the depth is 15-20 cm; when annual precipitation is more than or equal to 400mm, ridging is provided with drainage ditches, the ridging width is 0.8-1.2 m, the ditching depth is 35-40 cm, mechanical channels are arranged between adjacent ridges, seedlings are planted on the ridges, the aperture of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and the soil covering depth is 15-20 cm.

2. The mechanized planting method of oil peonies according to claim 1, wherein the deep ploughing and tedding depth is 30-50 cm, and the rotary tillage depth is 45-50 cm.

3. The mechanized planting method of oil peony according to claim 1, wherein in the seedling planting, the row spacing of planting rows is 0.5-0.6 m, the double row width is 1-1.2 m, and the mechanical channel width is 0.8-1.2 m.

4. The mechanized planting method of oil peony according to claim 1, wherein the three weeding treatments from 4 months to the next year are specifically:

performing first weeding after planting the oil peonies, and spraying flupirtine and a sealing agent;

performing secondary weeding in 3 months of the next year, and performing intertillage treatment with the depth of 12-15 cm;

and 4 months in the next year, performing third weeding, and adopting mechanical weeding.

5. The mechanized planting method of oil peony as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific treatment steps of mechanical fertilization and foliar fertilizer dressing are as follows:

applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer in a mechanical fertilization mode in 2-11 months of the next year;

applying foliar fertilizer for 2-3 times in 3-11 months of the next year;

the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 140-160 kg/mu each year.

6. The mechanized planting method of oil peony according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation is spray irrigation or drip irrigation, and the water content of the irrigation soil is kept below 10%.

7. The mechanized planting method of oil peony according to claim 1, wherein the specific treatment steps for controlling plant diseases and insect pests are as follows:

the phoxim emulsifiable concentrate or the methyl iso-salidrone is adopted for root irrigation treatment in 5 months to 6 months of the next year;

and spraying the medicament for preventing and treating the disease in the initial stage of the disease, wherein the spraying is carried out for 2-4 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 8-12 days.

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