CN113040017B - Method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation - Google Patents

Method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation Download PDF

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CN113040017B
CN113040017B CN202110541746.3A CN202110541746A CN113040017B CN 113040017 B CN113040017 B CN 113040017B CN 202110541746 A CN202110541746 A CN 202110541746A CN 113040017 B CN113040017 B CN 113040017B
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drip irrigation
seedlings
ridge
soil
mulching film
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CN113040017A (en
Inventor
王庆美
解备涛
董顺旭
侯夫云
李广华
李君�
秦桢
李爱贤
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Liaoning Sharing Green Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Sishui Lifeng Food Products Co ltd
CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Liaoning Sharing Green Ecological Agriculture Co ltd
Sishui Lifeng Food Products Co ltd
CROP Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00—Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275—Films
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/06—Watering arrangements making use of perforated pipe-lines located in the soil
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/28—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture specially adapted for farming

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of strong seedling cultivation of sweet potatoes, and provides a method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation. The method comprises the steps of land preparation and fertilization, potato seed discharging, drip irrigation tape laying, soil covering, mulching, watering and pesticide dripping, mulching film removing, seedbed management and the like. The method solves the problems of high labor cost, high potato rotting probability, late seedling emergence, large workload and the like in the traditional potato seedling raising technology. The method of the invention can not only save labor input, reduce labor intensity and facilitate farming operation, but also is beneficial to increasing soil permeability, obviously shortens seedling emergence time, increases seedling emergence quantity of the potato seeds and obviously reduces the susceptibility rate of the potato seeds.

Description

Method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of strong seedling cultivation of sweet potatoes, in particular to a method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation.
Background
Sweet potatoes are important food crops in China. The cultivation of sweet potato seedlings in the field is an important and necessary link in the production of sweet potatoes. More than 80% of seedlings for sweet potato field planting come from sweet potato seedling culture.
The traditional links of breeding the seedlings by sweet potato seeds comprise building a greenhouse or a spring and autumn shed, preparing soil and applying fertilizer, building a seedling bed, arranging the seeds of the sweet potato, covering soil, watering, covering a film and the like. However, the traditional potato seedling raising technology has certain defects: firstly, digging a seedling bed to a depth of about 15cm, and investing labor cost; secondly, watering after seed sowing of the seedbed is in a spray irrigation or flood irrigation mode, so that bed soil is easily hardened, permeability is poor, and the probability of rotten potatoes is increased; thirdly, after watering, the bed soil and the surrounding land are moist and sticky, and can not be covered with mulching films immediately, so that the ground temperature is influenced to rise, and the seedling emergence time is delayed; secondly, because the seedbed is concave, the operation of bowing is needed when the seedlings are picked manually, and the workload is increased. Therefore, how to provide a method for efficiently raising the seedlings of the sweet potato seeds is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for cultivating strong sweet potato seedlings by high-furrow drip irrigation, which can shorten the seedling emergence time, increase the seedling emergence amount, cultivate strong seedlings and save the seedling cultivation cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and leveling;
(2) seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging a field bed, and sowing the sweet potato seeds on the bed;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, directly paving the drip irrigation tape on the seed potatoes;
(4) covering with soil: covering soil on the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt to form a high furrow;
(5) covering with a mulching film: covering a mulching film on the high furrows, and keeping the mulching film not to be tightly attached to the soil surface;
(6) watering water dripping: thoroughly watering the high furrows by a drip irrigation facility, and using thiophanate methyl and chlorpyrifos missible oil along with water;
(7) removing the mulching film: removing the mulching film after the seed potatoes sprout and arch out of the ground;
(8) seedbed management:
after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 10-35 ℃ for 6-7 days, and the relative water content of soil is kept at 65-75%;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in daytime when the height of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime and at night when the height of the seedlings is 18-22 cm;
and (4) picking first-crop seedlings after 20-25 days, and applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and thiophanate-methyl after each seedling picking.
Preferably, in the step (1), the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 50-150 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is N: P: K is 14-16: 5-7: 8-10; the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 50%, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 150-250 kg/mu.
Preferably, in the step (2), the width of each furrow is 90-100 cm, the length is less than or equal to 50m, a blank channel of 45-55 cm is reserved between furrows, the distance between the potato seeds is 2-3 cm, and the seed sowing density is 10-12 kg/m2。
Preferably, in the step (3), the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape faces downwards, and the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 25-30 cm.
Preferably, in the step (4), the thickness of the covering soil is 4-5 cm, and the height of the high ridge is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, in the step (5), the mulching film is a black mulching film, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.1-0.15 mm.
Preferably, in the step (6), the content of the effective component of the thiophanate-methyl is 65-75%, the using amount of the thiophanate-methyl is 300-500 g/mu, the content of the effective component of the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is 40-50%, and the using amount of the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is 200-300 mL/mu.
Preferably, in the step (8), the amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 4-5 kg/mu, the content of the effective component of thiophanate-methyl is 65-75%, and the amount of the thiophanate-methyl is 300-500 g/mu.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention saves the labor input, reduces the labor intensity: firstly, omitting the link of digging a seedbed in the shed in advance, and directly planting potatoes on a flat ground, wherein 3-4 workers per mu can be saved only by the method; secondly, 4-5 workers per mu can be saved through the integrated management of drip irrigation water, fertilizer and pesticide during the whole seedling raising period; and thirdly, after the potato seedlings are planted in the high furrow mode and grow, the height of the grown potato seedlings is higher than that of the furrow grooves by more than 50cm, the width of the furrow grooves is 40-50 cm, workers can conveniently sit in the furrow grooves to pick the potato seedlings, the stooping operation is not needed, and the labor intensity is reduced.
2. The invention is beneficial to improving the ground temperature and increasing the soil permeability: the ground temperature of 0-10cm soil in the high-ridge drip irrigation seedling raising mode is 5.1-5.7 ℃ higher than that of the conventional downward digging seedling raising bed mode on average, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the porosity is increased, and favorable conditions are created for seedling emergence and growth of potato seedlings.
3. The invention obviously shortens the time of seedling emergence and increases the seedling emergence number of the seed potatoes.
4. The invention can obviously reduce the susceptibility of the seed potato.
5. Compared with the drip irrigation tape which is arranged on the ground surface for seedling culture, the invention is more convenient for the farming operation: the drip irrigation tape is placed on the bed soil in a conventional drip irrigation tape watering and seedling raising mode, after potato seedlings grow out, the drip irrigation tape can be jacked up by the potato seedlings to influence seedling collection, the drip irrigation tape is placed 5cm below the soil, the drip irrigation tape is still below the soil after the potato seedlings germinate, and seedling collection is not influenced.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation, which comprises the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and leveling;
(2) seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging a field bed, and sowing the sweet potato seeds on the bed;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, directly paving the drip irrigation tape on the seed potatoes;
(4) covering with soil: covering soil on the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt to form a high furrow;
(5) covering with a mulching film: covering a mulching film on the high furrows, and keeping the mulching film not to be tightly attached to the soil surface;
(6) watering water dripping: the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and thiophanate methyl and chlorpyrifos missible oil is used along with water;
(7) removing the mulching film: removing the mulching film after the seed potatoes sprout and arch out of the ground;
(8) seedbed management:
after the seed potatoes grow out, the temperature is kept at 10-35 ℃ and the relative water content of soil is kept at 65-75% in the first 6-7 days;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in daytime when the height of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime and at night when the height of the seedlings is 18-22 cm;
and (4) picking first-crop seedlings after 20-25 days, and applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and thiophanate-methyl after each seedling picking.
In the invention, in the step (1), the compound fertilizer is preferably a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is preferably 50-150 kg/mu, more preferably 80-120 kg/mu, and even more preferably 100 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is preferably N: P: K which is 14-16: 5-7: 8-10, and more preferably 15:6: 9; the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 50%, more preferably more than or equal to 60%, and the dosage of the organic fertilizer is preferably 150-250 kg/mu, more preferably 180-220 kg/mu, and even more preferably 200 kg/mu.
In the invention, in the step (2), each ridgeThe width is preferably 90-100 cm, the further preferred is 95cm, the length is preferably less than or equal to 50m, the further preferred is less than or equal to 45m, blank channels of 45-55 cm are preferably reserved between furrows, blank channels of 50cm are preferably reserved, the distance between the seed potatoes is preferably 2-3 cm, the further preferred is 2.5cm, and the seeding density is preferably 10-12 kg/m2More preferably 11kg/m2。
In the present invention, in the step (3), it is preferable that the drip tape has a water outlet facing downward, and a pitch of the drip tape is 25 to 30cm, and more preferably 28 cm.
In the invention, in the step (4), the thickness of the covering soil is preferably 4-5 cm, more preferably 4.5cm, and the height of the high ridge is preferably 40-50 cm, more preferably 45 cm.
In the present invention, in the step (5), the mulching film is preferably a black mulching film, and the thickness of the mulching film is preferably 0.1 to 0.15mm, and more preferably 0.12 mm.
In the invention, in the step (6), the content of the active ingredient of thiophanate methyl is preferably 65 to 75%, and more preferably 70%, the dosage of thiophanate methyl is preferably 300 to 500 g/mu, and more preferably 400 g/mu, the content of the active ingredient of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate is preferably 40 to 50%, and more preferably 45%, and the dosage of the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate is preferably 200 to 300 mL/mu, and more preferably 250 mL/mu.
In the invention, in the step (8), the temperature is kept at 10-35 ℃, the temperature is kept at 23 ℃ preferably, the relative water content of soil is kept at 65-75%, and the relative water content of soil is kept at 70% preferably, for 6-7 days, and the first 6 days is further preferred after the seed potatoes emerge;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime when the height of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, preferably 10cm, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃, preferably keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 30 ℃;
when the seedlings are 18-22 cm high, preferably 20cm high, ventilating and hardening the seedlings in the daytime and at night;
picking first-stubble seedlings after 20-25 days, and further preferably picking first-stubble seedlings after 22 days;
the dosage of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is preferably 4-5 kg/mu, more preferably 4.5 kg/mu, the content of the effective component of thiophanate methyl is preferably 65-75%, more preferably 70%, and the dosage of the thiophanate methyl is preferably 300-500 g/mu, more preferably 400 g/mu.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the embodiments of the invention, the sweet potato test variety is Jishu 25, the compound fertilizer is selected from 'four-smooth eight-stable' organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (II type) in Shandong agriculture large fertilizer industry, the organic fertilizer is selected from 'one top three' biological organic fertilizer (organic matter is more than or equal to 60%) in Shandong agriculture large fertilizer industry, and the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is selected from 'water-moist soil' humic acid water-soluble fertilizer in Shandong agriculture large fertilizer industry.
Example 1
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: 50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:6:9) and 150 kg/mu of granular organic fertilizer are uniformly spread in the seedling raising shed, and rotary tillage and leveling are carried out.
(2) Seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging field ridges, wherein the width of each ridge is 90cm, the length of each ridge is 45m, a blank channel of 45cm is reserved between the ridges, the distance between the seed potatoes is 2cm, and the seed sowing density is 10kg/m2。
(3) Laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, directly laying a drip irrigation tape on the seed potatoes, wherein the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape faces downwards, and the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 25 cm.
(4) Covering with soil: after the drip irrigation belt is laid, soil is directly taken from a blank channel between the furrows and covers the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt, the thickness of the soil is 4cm, a high furrow with the height of 40cm is formed finally, and the furrow is repaired tidily.
(5) Covering with a mulching film: the high furrow is covered by a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.1mm, and a proper support is arranged under the film to keep the mulching film not to be close to the soil surface, so that the air circulation is facilitated.
(6) Watering water dripping: after the mulching is finished, the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and 500g of 65% thiophanate-methyl and 300mL of 40% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate are used along with water per mu.
(7) Removing the mulching film: after the seed potatoes germinate and arch out of the ground, the mulching film is removed in time to prevent the seedlings from being roasted.
(8) Seedbed management: after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 10 ℃ and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 65% in the first 6 days; when the height of the seedlings is 8cm, ventilating and hardening the seedlings in the daytime, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 30 ℃; ventilating and hardening seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 18cm in the day and at night; after 20 days, first-crop seedlings are picked up in a seedling shearing mode, and after each seedling picking, 4kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 500g of 65% thiophanate-methyl are applied to each mu of land by drip irrigation to promote the growth of new seedlings and prevent diseases.
Example 2
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: 100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:6:9) and 200 kg/mu of granular organic fertilizer are uniformly spread in the seedling raising shed, and rotary tillage and leveling are carried out.
(2) Seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging field ridges, wherein the width of each ridge is 95cm, the length of each ridge is 50m, a blank channel with the length of 50cm is reserved between the ridges, the distance between the potato seeds is 2.5cm, and the seed sowing density is 11kg/m2。
(3) Laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, directly laying drip irrigation belts on the seed potatoes, wherein the water outlets of the drip irrigation belts face downwards, and the distance between the drip irrigation belts is 28 cm.
(4) Covering with soil: after the drip irrigation belt is laid, soil is directly taken from a blank channel between the furrows and covers the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt, the thickness of the soil is 4.5cm, a high furrow with the height of 45cm is formed finally, and the furrow ditch is tidily repaired.
(5) Covering with a mulching film: the high furrow is covered by a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.12mm, and a proper support is arranged under the film to keep the mulching film not to be close to the soil surface, so that the air circulation is facilitated.
(6) Watering water dripping: after the mulching is finished, the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and 400g of 70% thiophanate-methyl and 250mL of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate are used along with water per mu.
(7) Removing the mulching film: after the seed potatoes germinate and arch out of the ground, the mulching film is removed in time to prevent the seedlings from being roasted.
(8) Seedbed management: after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 23 ℃ and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 70% in the first 6 days; ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime when the height of the seedlings is 10cm, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃; ventilating and hardening seedlings when the seedlings are 20cm high in day and night; and picking first-crop seedlings in a seedling shearing mode after 22 days, and applying 4.5kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 400g of 70% thiophanate methyl to promote the growth of new seedlings and prevent diseases per mu by drip irrigation under soil after each seedling picking.
Example 3
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: 150 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:6:9) and 250 kg/mu of granular organic fertilizer are uniformly spread in the seedling raising shed, and rotary tillage and leveling are carried out.
(2) Seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging field ridges, wherein the width of each ridge is 100cm, the length of each ridge is 45m, a blank channel with the length of 55cm is reserved between the ridges, the distance between the potato seeds is 3cm, and the seed sowing density is 12kg/m2。
(3) Laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, directly laying a drip irrigation tape on the seed potatoes, wherein the water outlet of the drip irrigation tape faces downwards, and the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 30 cm.
(4) Covering with soil: after the drip irrigation belt is laid, soil is directly taken from a blank channel between the furrows and covers the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt, the thickness of the soil is 5cm, a high furrow with the height of 50cm is formed finally, and the furrow is repaired tidily.
(5) Covering with a mulching film: the high furrow is covered by a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.15mm, and a proper support is arranged under the film to keep the mulching film not to be close to the soil surface, so that the air circulation is facilitated.
(6) Watering water dripping: after the mulching is finished, the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and 300g of 75% thiophanate-methyl and 200mL of 50% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate are used along with water per mu.
(7) Removing the mulching film: after the seed potatoes germinate and arch out of the ground, the mulching film is removed in time to prevent the seedlings from being roasted.
(8) Seedbed management: after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 35 ℃ and the relative water content of soil is kept at 75% in the first 7 days; when the height of the seedlings is 12cm, ventilating and hardening the seedlings in the daytime, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃; ventilating and hardening seedlings when the seedlings are 22cm high in day and night; and (3) picking first-stubble seedlings in a seedling shearing mode after 25 days, and applying 5kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 300g of 75% thiophanate methyl to each mu of seedlings by drip irrigation under soil after each seedling picking to promote the growth of new seedlings and prevent diseases.
Example 4
(1) Land preparation and fertilization: 100 kg/mu of compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15:6:9) and 200 kg/mu of granular organic fertilizer are uniformly spread in the seedling raising shed, and rotary tillage and leveling are carried out.
(2) Seed arrangement of the potatoes: arranging field ridges, wherein the width of each ridge is 95cm, the length of each ridge is 50m, a blank channel with the length of 50cm is reserved between the ridges, the distance between the potato seeds is 2.5cm, and the seed sowing density is 11kg/m2。
(3) Laying a drip irrigation tape: after the potato seeds are arranged, the drip irrigation tapes are directly laid on the potato seeds, the water outlets of the drip irrigation tapes face downwards, and the distance between the drip irrigation tapes is 28 cm.
(4) Covering with soil: after the drip irrigation belt is laid, soil is directly taken from a blank channel between the furrows and covers the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt, the thickness of the soil is 4cm, a high furrow with the height of 40cm is formed finally, and the furrow is repaired tidily.
(5) Covering with a mulching film: the high furrow is covered by a black mulching film with the thickness of 0.12mm, and a proper support is arranged under the film to keep the mulching film not to be close to the soil surface, so that the air circulation is facilitated.
(6) Watering water dripping: after the mulching film is covered, the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and 400g of 70% thiophanate methyl and 250mL of 45% chlorpyrifos missible oil are used along with water per mu.
(7) Removing the mulching film: after the seed potatoes germinate and arch out of the ground, the mulching film is removed in time to prevent the seedlings from being roasted.
(8) Seedbed management: after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 10 ℃ and the relative water content of the soil is kept at 65% in the first 6 days; ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime when the seedlings are 8cm high, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 30 ℃; ventilating and hardening seedlings when the height of the seedlings is 18cm in the day and at night; after 20 days, first-crop seedlings are picked up in a seedling shearing mode, and after each seedling picking, 4kg of high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 500g of 65% thiophanate-methyl are applied to each mu of land by drip irrigation to promote the growth of new seedlings and prevent diseases.
Experimental example 1
The results of comparing the seedling bed of 15cm deep dug under the conventional method and the conventional method for cultivating seedlings by sprinkling irrigation and watering in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003071853670000081
As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the conventional seedling raising method, the method of the present invention can effectively shorten the seedling emergence period, increase the seedling emergence amount, and significantly reduce the seedling infection rate.
Experimental example 2
The influence of different seedling raising modes on the physical properties and temperature change of soil is studied, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 physical properties and temperature changes of soil for different seedling raising modes
Figure BDA0003071853670000082
As can be seen from Table 2, the ground temperature of the soil with the high-ridge drip irrigation seedling raising mode of 0-10cm is 5.1-5.7 ℃ higher than that of the conventional downward-digging seedling raising bed on average, the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the porosity is increased, and favorable conditions are created for seedling emergence and growth of potato seedlings.
Experimental example 3
The influence of different seedling raising modes on the seedling emergence number of the seed potatoes is researched, and the results are shown in a table 3:
TABLE 3 number of seedlings of potato seeds with different seedling raising modes
Figure BDA0003071853670000091
As can be seen from Table 3, the difference of the number of seedlings of the potato seeds in different seedling raising modes is obvious, and the number of seedlings of the potato seeds in the method is obviously more than that in conventional seedling raising by digging a seedbed.
Experimental example 4
The influence of different seedling raising modes on the susceptibility of the potato seeds is researched, and the results are shown in a table 4:
TABLE 4 susceptibility of potato seeds of different seedling raising modes
Figure BDA0003071853670000092
The wounds left after cutting the potato seedlings are easy to infect germs when meeting water to cause the seed potatoes to rot. As can be seen from Table 4, compared with the conventional seedling raising method, the method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the seedling cutting wound can be kept away from the drip irrigation watering, and the potato seed infection rate is obviously reduced.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land preparation and fertilization: applying compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer, and rotary tillage and leveling;
(2) and (3) potato seed arranging: arranging a field ridge, and seeding the sweet potato seeds on the ridge;
(3) laying a drip irrigation tape: after the seed potatoes are arranged, the drip irrigation tape is directly laid on the seed potatoes and placed 5cm below the soil, and the drip irrigation tape is still below the soil after the seed potatoes germinate, so that seedling collection is not influenced;
(4) covering with soil: covering soil on the seed potatoes and the drip irrigation belt to form a high furrow;
(5) covering with a mulching film: covering a mulching film on the high furrows, and keeping the mulching film not to be tightly attached to the soil surface;
(6) watering water dripping: the high furrows are watered thoroughly through a drip irrigation facility, and thiophanate methyl and chlorpyrifos missible oil is used along with water;
(7) removing the mulching film: removing the mulching film after the seed potatoes sprout and arch out of the ground;
(8) seedbed management:
after the seed potatoes grow seedlings, the temperature is kept at 10-35 ℃ for 6-7 days, and the relative water content of soil is kept at 65-75%;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in daytime when the height of the seedlings is 8-12 cm, and keeping the temperature to be less than or equal to 32 ℃;
ventilating and hardening seedlings in the daytime and at night when the height of the seedlings is 18-22 cm;
picking first-crop seedlings after 20-25 days, and applying high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and thiophanate-methyl after each seedling picking;
in the step (1), the compound fertilizer is a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the dosage of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer is 50-150 kg/mu, and the mass ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is N: P: K ═ 14-16: 5-7: 8-10; the organic matter content of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 50%, and the using amount of the organic fertilizer is 150-250 kg/mu;
in the step (4), the thickness of the covering soil is 4-5 cm, the height of the high furrows is 40-50 cm, the height of the potato seedlings after growing is more than 50cm higher than that of the furrow grooves, the width of the furrow grooves is 40-50 cm, workers can conveniently sit in the furrow grooves to pick the potato seedlings, the stooping operation is not needed, and the labor intensity is reduced.
2. The method for cultivating sound seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the width of each ridge is 90-100 cm, the length of each ridge is less than or equal to 50m, a blank channel with the length of 45-55 cm is reserved between the ridges, the distance between the sweet potato seeds is 2-3 cm, and the seed discharging density is 10-12 kg/m2。
3. The method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), water outlets of the drip irrigation belts are downward, and the intervals of the drip irrigation belts are 25-30 cm.
4. The method for cultivating sound seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the mulching film is a black mulching film, and the thickness of the mulching film is 0.1-0.15 mm.
5. The sweet potato high-ridge drip irrigation seedling strengthening method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein in the step (6), the content of the effective components of thiophanate methyl is 65-75%, the dosage of thiophanate methyl is 300-500 g/mu, the content of the effective components of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate is 40-50%, and the dosage of the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate is 200-300 mL/mu.
6. The method for cultivating strong seedlings of sweet potatoes through high-ridge drip irrigation according to claim 5, wherein in the step (8), the amount of the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is 4-5 kg/mu, the content of the active ingredients of thiophanate methyl is 65-75%, and the amount of thiophanate methyl is 300-500 g/mu.
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