CN111280005A

CN111280005A - Pre-winter film-covering hill-drop cultivation method for radix glehniae

Info

Publication number: CN111280005A
Application number: CN202010202972.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王慧杰; 冯瑞云; 王洁; 李广信; 梅超; 李盛; 左敏; 安志刚; 郑仙花; 赵君飞; 王雅丽
Original assignee: Shouyang Huaxing Yuanze Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shouyang Huaxing Yuanze Agricultural Technology Co Ltd; CROP Science Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-03-20
Filing date: 2020-03-20
Publication date: 2020-06-16

Abstract

The invention discloses a radix glehniae pre-winter film mulching hole sowing cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of winnowing harvested coastal glehnia root seeds to obtain target seeds, selecting a sandy soil field for planting non-Umbelliferae previous crops, deeply ploughing the sandy soil field, using an agricultural machine to make a planting bed at one time on the deeply ploughed sandy soil field, covering the planting bed with a film at the bottom of 10-11 months, punching holes in staggered mode according to the row spacing of 22-28 cm and the plant spacing of 12-18 cm on the planting bed covered with the film, sowing 3-5 grains of target seeds in the holes, and managing the coastal glehnia root in different development stages in four seasons of winter, spring, summer and autumn after the target seeds are sowed.

Description

Pre-winter film-covering hill-drop cultivation method for radix glehniae

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a pre-winter film-covering hole sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae.

Background

Radix glehniae, also known as Laiyang ginseng, coastal glehnia root, silver glehnia root, Liaoshen, Su-juan ginseng, Japanese ginseng and Bei-juan ginseng, is an umbelliferae plant glehniale (Glehniale-toralisF. Schmidtex Miq.) and is a commonly used clinical yin-nourishing medicine for nourishing yin, clearing away the lung-heat, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough. It can be used for treating dry cough due to lung dryness, body fluid impairment due to fever, and thirst.

The radix glehniae has strong adaptability, favors warm and humid climate, resists drought and cold, and favors sandy soil. Avoid soaking in water, avoid continuous cropping and avoid strong sunlight. Except for the seedling stage and the seed reserving field, enough water is needed for reserving seeds, and the watering is not needed to be performed more in the later growth stage; the former crops are preferably potatoes, and are not suitable for soybean and peanut crops. The seeds have high germination rate and uniform seedling emergence in the current year, seedlings emerge before and after grain rain in the second year of sowing, and generally do not bloom and bear fruits, and the seeds bloom and bear fruits in the third year.

The traditional sowing method of radix glehniae comprises the following steps: the seeds are harvested and aired in time after being harvested, the seeds are sowed in a row with the width of 10cm, the row spacing of 25-30cm and the depth of 2-3cm after being ploughed before being frozen in autumn, the coastal glehnia root seeds can be naturally after-ripened at low temperature in a field by the sowing method, the labor force for seed treatment is saved, but the seeds are longer in the field in winter, the soil moisture in the winter stage of the planting field needs to be guaranteed, the emergence rate in the spring of the next year can be guaranteed, and the emergence rate is difficult to be guaranteed in the winter with windy and dry conditions.

Another conventional sowing method is: soaking seeds before winter, mixing with 5 times volume of wet fine sand, placing in 50cm deep groove (about 40cm in thickness) at shady position, and covering with 10cm fine sand or other covering material. The seeds are screened in spring beginning in the next year, fine sand is screened out, and the seeds are sowed in a row, the sowing method is the same as the method, the method can ensure higher germination rate, but the seed treatment time is long, the sowing condition with the buds is easy to occur in spring sowing, watering is needed after sowing, otherwise, the seedling flashing condition is easy to occur.

Moreover, the two methods need thinning for 1-2 times, the process operation is complicated, the survival rate and the emergence rate of seeds cannot be well guaranteed, and the yield of the radix glehniae is further influenced.

Therefore, how to provide a sowing method of radix glehniae to improve the emergence rate and yield of radix glehniae seeds is a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the method adopts the pre-winter film-covering hole-sowing cultivation technical method, so that the process that the seeds need to be stored in sand in winter is saved, the labor force is saved, the problem that sand storage buds are too long when the seeds meet the weather state in spring is solved, and the yield of the radix glehniae is improved.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

1. a pre-winter film-covering hill-drop cultivation method for radix glehniae is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) winnowing: carrying out air separation on the coastal glehnia root seeds to obtain target seeds;

2) land selection and preparation: selecting a sandy soil field for planting non-Umbelliferae previous crops, deep ploughing the sandy soil field, and fertilizing;

3) and (3) making a film on the bed: making a planting bed on the deeply ploughed sandy soil field, and covering a film;

4) punching and hole sowing: punching holes in staggered mode at the bottom of 10-11 months on a planting bed covered with a mulching film according to the row spacing of 22-28 cm and the plant spacing of 12-18 cm, and sowing 3-5 target seeds in each hole;

5) managing after broadcasting: after the target seeds are sown, the coastal glehnia roots in different development stages are managed in four seasons of winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the glehnia littoralis seeds are double-suspension fruits, the diameter is 0.8-1.0cm, the kernels are small, the seed coats are large, deep wrinkles are formed on the surfaces of the seeds, the volume weight is small, natural seed falling is not facilitated during seeding, impurities such as flower stems, residual leaves and soil particles are easily mixed during seed harvesting, the seeding is also influenced, therefore, the seeds need to be cleaned, and the seeds can be lightly rolled when necessary to separate the double fruits;

selecting former crops instead of sandy soil fields for planting other crops of Umbelliferae such as radix Saposhnikoviae, radix Angelicae Dahuricae, radix Dauci Sativae, herba Coriandri, and herba Apii Graveolentis, cleaning the former crops, removing residual branches and impurities on ground, and making bed film when the soil moisture is appropriate.

The selection of the previous crops instead of the other crops in the Umbelliferae is a technical standard for realizing the stubble ploughing, and it is known that the continuous cropping can cause allelopathy of the crops, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests, serious yield reduction and even no yield in planting production. Therefore, the practice of reverse cropping is one of the important means for avoiding the generation of the cachexia. Even different plants in the same family can generate basically the same diseases and insect pests, can absorb basically the same nutrients, and can influence the growth of the same plant in the next crop due to allelopathy, so that the actual stubble cutting cannot be realized only by the stubble cutting of plants in the same family but by the stubble cutting among the plants in different families. The technical scheme omits the management process of sand storage and thinning of the traditional sowing method, saves labor force, changes the traditional flat furrow drilling into film-covered hole drilling, saves seeds, reduces the defects of drilling and thinning, has good weed prevention effect, can save a large amount of weeding labor and improves the acre yield of the radix glehniae.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, in the step 1), the winnowing includes: over-wind, removing impurities of stems and leaves and shrunken seeds to obtain target seeds; the sieve with aperture of 1cm × 1cm

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: after the coastal glehnia root seeds are dried in the air, the seed coats and the kernels are basically separated, and the seed coats and the seeds with light dry weight can be blown away by wind, so that the effect of seed selection is achieved.

As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 2), the deep ploughing is 25-50 cm, the fertilizer application comprises farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 5m³Per mu, N-P₂O₅-K₂60-100 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the O content of 15-15-15.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the fertilizer is applied to the field, so that the contents of trace elements and organic matters in the soil can be increased, and the fertilizer is added during deep ploughing, so that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil, and the coastal glehnia root seeds can uniformly absorb nutrients in the soil.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 3), the bed height of the planting bed is 10-20 cm, the bed surface width is 80cm or 110cm, and the bed interval is 25-35 cm.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the step 4), the sowing depth is 2-3 cm.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the bed surface width can be divided into 80cm and 110cm, black weed control mulching films with the widths of 100cm and 130cm are respectively covered, two sides of each mulching film are separated from the bottom of each furrow by a certain distance so as to be beneficial to water seepage, soil is firmly pressed from the inside of each furrow, and one soil is transversely pressed every 1.5-2.5 m so as to resist wind lifting; 4 rows of planting beds with the width of 80cm and 5 rows of planting beds with the width of 110cm are sown, the sowing operation is carried out at intervals after the film is coated, the sowing operation can also be completed at one time by matching with the film coating of the beds, and the proper time can be specifically selected according to the soil moisture content and the actual operation condition.

When the sowing depth is less than 2cm, if the seeds are continuously arid in winter or lose moisture due to strong wind, the seeds are easy to lose water and can not finish after-ripening, so that the germination rate is reduced; along with the increase of the sowing depth, the seeds are easier to be positioned in a soil layer with proper soil moisture content, so that the seeds are more favorable for completing after-ripening germination, and the germination rate of the seeds tends to be improved along with the increase of the sowing depth. However, when the sowing depth exceeds 3cm, the soil-pushing ability of the seeds is lowered, and the deeper the depth, the weaker the pushing force, and the higher the germination rate, the lower the emergence rate, so 2-3cm is a relatively reasonable sowing depth.

As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, in the step 5), the winter management process includes: irrigating the furrow between the two planting beds once after sowing and before sealing and freezing, wherein the irrigation quantity is 30 tons/mu, and periodically checking the covering condition of the film to prevent the film from being lifted by wind.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the operation of irrigation is carried out before freezing, so as to ensure the effective penetration of water, the soil moisture content in winter and the seeds in a humid environment, and only in this way can the seeds be ensured to be effectively ripened later, and the germination and seedling emergence in the next spring are ensured. As for the specific irrigation time, in all suitable planting areas, different places are different, and the time is gradually delayed from north to south. In the red-peak area of inner Mongolia, Zhangjiakou in Hebei and Shanxi are same, generally from the middle and last ten days of 10 months to the last ten days of 11 months; in areas such as Shandong Laiyang, Hebei Baoding, Shanxi Taiyuan, etc., it is generally performed from 11 middle to 12 last months. The specific requirement of each area is flexibly mastered according to the weather conditions of each year.

The mulching film is long in winter, and needs to be timely windproof, particularly, the condition of the mulching film needs to be checked before and after strong wind, the mulching film is prevented from being lifted by the wind as much as possible, and remedial measures need to be taken in time to press the mulching film firmly again when the lifted condition is found.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step 5), the spring management process is as follows:

11) after the land is thawed and before the weeds come out of the land, spraying pendimethalin solution to the zones between the planting beds, wherein the spraying amount is 80-100 g/mu;

12) after the seedlings of the radix glehniae emerge, weeding is carried out for one time at the beginning of a cross period, weak plants in holes are pulled out, and each hole is guaranteed to be not more than 3 seedlings;

13) and in the later stage of the cross period, watering the young plants after the weed removing work is finished.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: spraying pendimethalin solution can prevent and control part of annual weeds (such as herba Setariae viridis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, herba Portulacae, etc.) in the non-membranous zone and the sowing hole between planting beds, and is beneficial to the growth of radix Glehniae; each hole is not more than 3 seedlings, so that the competition among the seedlings is reduced, and the phenomena that the seedlings are too many and the nutrient content of soil is insufficient for the seedlings to grow are prevented.

The effect of weeding in the cross stage: the weeding operation in the agricultural operation process is staged, the weeding operation in the key stage is well held, the weeding operation is an effective means for ensuring the dominant growth of the planted crops in the whole growth period, generally speaking, the weeding operation is effective once, and the weeding operation can ensure that no wasteland occurs within 30-40 days. The first weeding is carried out in the cross period because the close aging of pendimethalin just passes in the time period, which is the emergence period of annual weeds and is also the stage of small growth of perennial weeds, and at the moment, the glehnia littoralis seedlings also have certain growth amount, so that the operation is relatively easy during weeding thinning, if the seedlings are too early, the seedlings are easy to be injured due to the fact that the seedlings are small and inconvenient to operate, the maximum close effect of pendimethalin is not favorable to play, and if the seedlings are too late, the weeding difficulty and the labor amount are increased due to the fact that the weeds are inevitably too large, so that the operation cost is increased.

Watering effect at later stage of cross period: in the later stage of the cross phase, the coastal glehnia root seedlings reach the two-leaf one-heart state, namely the coastal glehnia root seedlings enter the rapid growth period, but the root systems are not developed enough, and the capacity of absorbing water from soil is not strong enough, the coastal glehnia root seedlings are watered in time in the period, so that the water supply can be ensured, the rapid meristem proliferation of the coastal glehnia root seedlings can be promoted, the growth of the coastal glehnia root seedlings is not damaged due to water shortage, the rapid growth of the coastal glehnia root seedlings is strong, the disease resistance and. In addition, the seedlings are watered earlier than the current time, and the seedlings are too small, so that the irrigation cores are submerged and killed when the seedlings are watered, the seedlings are lacked, and the yield is reduced.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in the step 5), the process of summer and autumn management is as follows: removing weeds in due time, removing individual early bolting plants, and digging and harvesting in due time after the radix glehniae grows.

The timely clearing of weeds means that workers are easy to concentrate after the weeds begin to grow, the labor cost can be controlled to be the lowest and the weeding effect is the best, in the practical operation, one third of the weeds are just dug out, and two thirds of the weeds are just dug out, just as in the Hangzhou, the weeds are not shoveled on the ground, namely, the weeds are not shoveled when the weeds grow obviously. In addition, the coastal glehnia root has individual plants which bolt and flower in the same year, and the plants consume more soil nutrients, influence the quality of products and need to be pulled out at any time after the plants are found.

The term "timely" in timely digging and receiving refers to a time period when the glehnia littoralis grows up and is ready to be harvested in autumn, the soil moisture content is moderate, dryness and dampness appear, and the weather is fine. The areas need to be specifically grasped according to actual climate and operation conditions.

According to the technical scheme, the invention provides a radix glehniae film-covering hole sowing cultivation method, and compared with the prior art, the method has the following technical advantages:

1) the seeds are sowed before winter, so that the process that the seeds need to be stored in sand in winter is saved, labor is saved, and the defect that the sand storage buds are too long when the seeds meet the weather state in spring is prevented; the sand storage buds are too long to influence the rate of emergence and the survival rate, so that the ridge break is caused, the uniform and proper number of seedlings of about 40000 plants per mu cannot be ensured, and the yield is seriously influenced; moreover, when the bud is too long, the root growing point is easily broken, so that the root is forked, and the quality of the product is affected;

2) the traditional flat bed drill seeding is changed into small high bed or flat bed film-covering hole seeding, so that the seeds are saved, the defects of drill seeding and thinning are reduced, a good weed control effect is achieved, and the labor for weeding is greatly saved.

3) The large water flood irrigation is changed into small water infiltration or under-film infiltration irrigation, the effects of saving water and keeping fertilizer and promoting growth can be achieved, and the yield can be increased by more than 30%.

4) After spring begins, weeds start to grow, a herbicide is only sprayed to weeds in a furrow film-free zone and a sowing hole, and the weeds growing under the mulching film covering on the furrow do not carry out any weeding operation; and secondly, after the temperature rises, the mulching film has a heat preservation effect, and weeds under the mulching film can be burned to death after the temperature rises, so that the weeding workload is greatly reduced.

5) The traditional method is large water flood irrigation, only furrow irrigation is performed when watering is performed after ridging and film covering, the ridging and film covering places do not perform irrigation, the irrigation area is reduced by 75%, and the irrigation quantity is reduced by more than 50%.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A pre-winter film-covering hill-drop cultivation method for radix glehniae comprises the following steps:

1) winnowing: winnowing the harvested coastal glehnia root seeds, sieving the harvested and aired seeds by a sieve of 1cm multiplied by 1cm, and removing impurities of stems and leaves and shriveled seeds to obtain target seeds;

2) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil field for planting non-Umbelliferae previous crop, deep ploughing the sandy soil field for 25cm, and applying organic fertilizer for 3m³60 kg/mu of high-phosphorus potassium compound fertilizer;

3) and (3) making a film on the bed: on the sandy soil field after deep ploughing, a planting bed is made at one time by using an agricultural machine, and a film is covered on the planting bed;

the bed height of the planting bed is 10cm, the bed surface width is 80cm, and the interval between beds is 25 cm;

4) punching and hole sowing: at the bottom of 10 months, punching staggered holes with the row spacing of 22cm and the plant spacing of 12cm on a planting bed covered with a mulching film, and sowing 3 seeds with the target grain in the holes, wherein the sowing depth is 2 cm;

5) managing after broadcasting: after the target seeds are sown, the coastal glehnia roots in different development stages are managed in four seasons of winter, spring, summer and autumn respectively;

the winter management process comprises the following steps: after sowing, before sealing and freezing, watering the planting bed once, and periodically checking the covering condition of the film to prevent the film from being lifted by wind;

the spring management process comprises the following steps:

11) after the land is thawed and before the weeds come out of the land, spraying pendimethalin solution to the inter-planting-bed zones, wherein the spraying amount is 80 g/mu;

The summer and autumn management process comprises the following steps: removing weeds in due time, removing individual early bolting plants, and digging and harvesting in due time after the radix glehniae grows.

Example 2

2) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil field for planting non-Umbelliferae previous crop, deep ploughing the sandy soil field for 50cm, and applying organic fertilizer for 7m³100 kg/mu of high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;

the height of the planting bed is 20cm, the width of the bed surface is 110cm, and the interval between beds is 35 cm;

4) punching and hole sowing: at the bottom of 11 months, punching staggered holes with the row spacing of 28cm and the plant spacing of 18cm on a planting bed covered with a mulching film, and sowing 5 seeds with the target grain in the holes, wherein the sowing depth is 3 cm;

the spring management process comprises the following steps:

11) after the land is unfrozen and before the weeds come out of the land, spraying pendimethalin solution to the inter-planting-bed zones, wherein the spraying amount is 100 g/mu;

Example 3

2) land selection and preparation: selecting sandy soil field for planting non-Umbelliferae previous crop, deep ploughing for 35cm, and applying organic fertilizer 5m³80 kg/mu of high phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer;

the height of the planting bed is 15cm, the width of the bed surface is 110cm, and the interval between beds is 30 cm;

4) punching and hole sowing: in 1 day 10 months, punching holes in staggered mode at a row spacing of 25cm and a plant spacing of 15cm on a planting bed covered with a mulching film, and sowing 4 seeds with a target grain size in the holes, wherein the sowing depth is 3 cm;

the spring management process comprises the following steps:

11) after the land is unfrozen and before the weeds come out of the land, spraying pendimethalin solution to the inter-planting-bed zone, wherein the spraying amount is 90 g/mu;

Sowing the glehnia littoralis seeds in the mode of the embodiment 3 and the traditional sowing method respectively, wherein the management modes in the embodiment 3 are adopted, and the results of acre yield, irrigation quantity and total fertilization quantity of the glehnia littoralis seeds in the two sowing modes are counted and shown in a table 1;

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the method of example 3 significantly increases the yield per mu of radix Glehniae compared with the conventional sowing method, which is 36.61% higher than the conventional yield per mu.

Example 4

Sowing the glehnia littoralis seeds by the method of the embodiment 3, and marking as a control group;

taking the method of the embodiment 3 as a standard, after winnowing, sand-storing the target seeds for 1 month, and then performing subsequent operations, and marking as a test group 1;

taking the method of the embodiment 3 as a standard, adjusting the sowing time to 2 months in the next year, keeping other operations unchanged, and marking as a test group 2;

the acre yield of the coastal glehnia roots in the control group, the test group 1 and the test group 2 is counted, and the result is shown in a table 2;

TABLE 2

	Control group	Test group 1	Test group 2
				Yield per mu kg	526.63	405.18	392.26

Example 5

Sowing was carried out in the manner of example 3, and the obtained product was designated as a control group;

the sowing mode in the embodiment 3 is changed into flat furrow drilling, the row spacing and the plant spacing are unchanged, and the result is marked as a test group 1;

the film is not coated on the planting bed, the other processes are the same as the embodiment 3, and the test group 2 is marked;

the sowing depth was changed to 1cm, and the other procedures were the same as in example 3 and recorded as test group 3;

the sowing depth was changed to 4cm, and the other operations were the same as in example 3 and recorded as test group 4;

the germination rates, the acre yields and the irrigation amounts of the control group and the test groups 1-4 are counted, and the results are shown in a table 3;

TABLE 3

	Control group	Test group 1	Test group 2	Test group 3	Test group 4
						The rate of emergence%	87.5	65.2	73.1	41.8	46.7
Yield per mu kg	524.1	387.5	426.7	251.3	280.9
						Irrigation volume per ton	30	43	37	30	30

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

2. The pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air separation in the step 1) comprises sieving to remove impurities in stems and leaves and shrunken seeds, thereby obtaining the target seeds.

3. The pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deep ploughing in the step 2) is 25-50 cm.

4. The pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilizer application in the step 2) comprises farmyard manure and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, wherein the application amount of the farmyard manure is 5m³Per mu, N-P₂O₅-K₂60-100 kg/mu of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer with the O content of 15-15-15.

5. The method for pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation of radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting bed in the step 3) is 10-20 cm high, 80cm or 110cm wide and 25-35cm apart from the bed.

6. The pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing depth in the step 4) is 2-3 cm.

7. The pre-winter film mulching hole sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 1, wherein the winter management process in the step 5) comprises: irrigating water once in the furrow between the planting beds after sowing and before sealing and freezing, wherein the irrigation amount is 30 tons/mu, and periodically checking the covering condition of the film to prevent the film from being lifted by wind.

8. The pre-winter film-mulching hole-sowing cultivation method for radix glehniae as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 5), the spring management process comprises:

9. The method for mulching and hill-drop planting of radix glehniae according to claim 8, wherein in the step 5), the summer and autumn management process comprises: removing weeds in due time, removing individual early bolting plants, and digging and harvesting in due time after the radix glehniae grows.