CN115486349B - Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting - Google Patents
Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115486349B CN115486349B CN202210781921.0A CN202210781921A CN115486349B CN 115486349 B CN115486349 B CN 115486349B CN 202210781921 A CN202210781921 A CN 202210781921A CN 115486349 B CN115486349 B CN 115486349B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- irrigation
- wheat
- water
- wide
- period
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
A wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement, necessary technical parameters for efficient water and fertilizer management and other technical parameters of unnecessary factors, wherein the planting mode of reasonable parameters matched with the wide-narrow row by adopting a large-flow drip irrigation system is adopted, so that the irrigation uniformity is improved, the water demand of a wheat root system is met, the irrigation plant number of the wheat is increased, the use amount of the whole field water is reduced, and the water saving purpose is achieved; the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management strategy of each growth period is combined, the water and fertilizer utilization rate of each growth period is greatly improved, meanwhile, the large-flow drip irrigation system is easy to form surface runoff, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are transported along the surface for a larger distance, the effect of fertilization is achieved, the step of applying seed fertilizers and base fertilizers is omitted, the agricultural time is saved, the problem that the wheat yield is affected due to insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium in the middle and later stages of the wheat is solved, the technical prejudice that the surface runoff cannot be generated by the traditional drip irrigation technology is overcome, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the water and fertilizer saving effect is obvious, the emergence rate and the yield are obviously increased, and meanwhile mu investment is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat.
Background
Wheat is a food crop of traditional agriculture in China, and makes great contribution in both traditional agriculture and current agriculture. The reasonable planting method can intensively utilize natural resources such as light, heat, fertilizer, water and the like, and can also increase the biological diversity of farmlands. Meanwhile, the plant diseases and insect pests resistance and lodging resistance of crops can be enhanced, and the productivity of unit area is improved. With the increase of population, the rigidity of grain demands is increased, and cultivation and planting technology is more and more valued by domestic and foreign agricultural specialists.
The traditional wheat planting mode adopts equal row spacing drill planting, has larger planting areas in Shandong, hebei, henan and Xinjiang, but has large drill seeding quantity, high cost, low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency, poor photo-thermal effect, inapplicability to precise seeding and low mechanization degree. Thus, in some areas a wide and narrow row planting pattern is adopted for wheat planting.
However, the applicant believes that:
the row spacing setting of wide row and narrow row of present planting mode is unreasonable, leads to the land utilization not high, irrigates effectually, needs to apply the base fertilizer before sowing moreover, and the step is loaded down with trivial details, work load is big, wastes agricultural time.
Furthermore, the applicant also believes that:
from the viewpoint of irrigation, advanced drip irrigation technology has been tried by some students on wheat planting, but crop physiology is studied, and planting technology parameters for wheat are not clearly specified, such as how to select the flow specification of the irrigator and how to arrange the pipeline system under different soils? The technical parameters of a series of planting are ambiguous, a complete set of systematic drop irrigation wheat solution is not formed, and the current drop irrigation field generally considers that the small-flow irrigator is not easy to generate surface runoff and long in laying distance, so that the cost of a system pipeline can be reduced to a certain extent, but the small-flow irrigator is not optimal for the non-point closely planted crops of the wheat.
As an integral set of planting techniques, apart from the above-mentioned technical factors, the applicant believes that:
efficient water and fertilizer management is also essential, especially for different growth periods of wheat, how to irrigate and fertilize, i.e. when are irrigation/fertilization? How much is each time of filling/administration? The water and fertilizer management measures of some columns are also required to be clear one by one in the new wheat planting technology, and become the key for limiting the water and fertilizer utilization rate.
The problems of low water and fertilizer efficiency, general water and fertilizer saving effect, no improvement of seedling emergence and yield, relatively high investment cost and the like are caused by one or more problems.
Based on the technical problems, technical operations such as pre-sowing operation, chemical regulation and control in the growing period, harvesting operation and the like are comprehensively considered, and a wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve and even solve at least one problem in the prior art, the invention provides a wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat.
The invention is realized in the following way:
the invention provides a wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat, which comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein
The planting mode adopts:
a mode of alternately arranging a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows, namely that the single wide row and the plurality of narrow rows are adjacent to each other in a more narrow-wide mode;
the row spacing of the wide rows is 12-15 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-10 cm, and the distance between the adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
hill-drop is performed in the narrow and wide rows,
the seed points of the bunch planting are arranged in staggered arrangement, namely, the positions of two adjacent rows of seed points are not on the same column,
the hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting:
a high flow drip irrigation system based on the planting mode,
the flow specification of the dripper of the large-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 m, the length of the branch pipe is 35-40 m,
the middle position of the drip irrigation bandwidth row of the large-flow drip irrigation system,
the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wet peak of the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is larger than 55 cm;
the efficient water and fertilizer management adopts:
based on the planting mode and the wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation system arranged by the pipe network system,
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management is implemented by the way of rotation irrigation, namely, when the irrigation of one rotation irrigation district is finished, the next rotation irrigation group is started first, then the current rotation irrigation group is closed,
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, and irrigation period is 10-15 days, and irrigation quota is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2.
Further, under different soil textures, the wheat width and the row spacing of the planting mode are realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 12-13 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 5-7 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 13-14 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 7-8 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 14-15 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 8-10 cm.
Further, different soil qualities are underground, and the pipe network system arrangement is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the flow rate of the drip heads is 6-8 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 30-35 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the flow rate of the drip heads is 5-7 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the flow rate of the drip heads is 4-6 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 100-110 cm.
Further, the efficient water and fertilizer management respectively performs water and fertilizer management according to a seed period, a seedling period, a jointing period, a heading period, a grouting period and a maturation period, wherein:
the seed period is characterized in that the ground drip irrigation pipe network is immediately installed after the seeding is completed, the seedling water is immediately dripped after the installation is completed,
the water-bearing fertilizer is applied along with water when the water-bearing capacity reaches 55-65% of the water-bearing rate in the growth period, and the fertilizer application amount is 5% of the total application amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
the seedling emergence period is that the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, when the water content of the field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity, the irrigation is started,
according to the different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate reaching over 98 percent, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 73-74 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 72% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate below 94%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 71% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71% after irrigation is completed, the field soil needs to be irrigated in advance for one time;
the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 25 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 10% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the jointing period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 20% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the heading period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the grouting period is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the mature period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 30 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, the fertilizer is applied along with water, and the fertilization quantity is 15% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O.
Further, in the planting mode, the overall arrangement of the seed holes is quadrilateral or octagonal in appearance.
Further, in the planting mode, the number of narrow rows is greater than the number of wide rows.
Further, the pre-sowing operation of the planting technology is that,
soil preparation, ensuring deep, transparent, clean, real, flat and foot; the depth of the cultivated land is 30-35 cm;
the method comprises the steps of (1) preventing diseases and weed, preparing liquid medicine according to the proportion of a specification by using a weed killer and a pest and disease control pesticide which have no toxicity to wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, and sealing soil before sowing;
selecting and processing seeds, namely selecting seeds with high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance which are suitable for local areas, carefully selecting the seeds, enabling the germination rate to reach more than 98%, and carrying out medicament seed dressing sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
Further, the planting technique is operated when sowing,
uniformly sowing wheat in wide rows and narrow rows on a farmland, wherein uniform sowing, no replay, no miss-sowing, consistent sowing depth and good soil covering are required;
in the sowing time, the average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃;
4-6 cm of surface soil is frozen at the sowing depth, and 2.5-2.9 cm of sowing depth;
in the sowing quantity, the sowing grain number of winter wheat per mu is 30-50 ten thousand grains, and the sowing grain number of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand grains;
and (3) reseeding after seed sowing is finished, and timely reseeding the land head, the land edge, the land corner and the broken strip, so that full blocks and seedlings are achieved.
Further, the chemical regulation and control are carried out in the growth period of the planting technology, in particular,
before jointing, the wheat has the strongest drug resistance, and wheat straw can be used for chemical weeding;
in order to prevent the overgrowth and later lodging of the wheat, the control can be performed by using an equivalent control agent such as paclobutrazol.
Further, the planting technology is characterized in that mechanization is applied to harvest when wheat is harvested and the moisture content of wheat grains is 20-25%.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the wheat wide-narrow row planting mode is adopted, the mode of wide-narrow row is different from the traditional mode of 'one wide-one narrow adjacent', the mode of 'multiple narrow and one wide adjacent' is adopted, and hole sowing is respectively carried out between the wide row and the narrow row, so that the land utilization rate is improved, the use amount of seeds is reduced, and the cost is reduced;
2. the positions of the holes are arranged in staggered mode, so that compared with the traditional equidistant arrangement mode, the distance between wheat plants is increased, the colony structure of wheat is improved, the ventilation quantity is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is further improved, and the yield is increased;
3. the planting mode of reasonable parameters matched with a large-flow drip irrigation system and wide and narrow rows is adopted, the flow of the drip irrigation belt is larger, the consumption of the drip irrigation belt is reduced by 30% compared with that of conventional drip irrigation, the horizontal wetting distance of a formed wetting saturation area is larger, the vertical penetration depth is shallower, the method is suitable for the growth characteristics of wheat, the irrigation uniformity is further improved under the condition of the same irrigation quantity, the water requirement of a wheat root system is met, the irrigation plant number of the wheat is increased, the consumption of the whole field water is reduced, and the water saving purpose is achieved;
4. the large-flow drip irrigation wide-narrow row system is combined with the efficient water and fertilizer management strategy in each growth period, so that the water and fertilizer utilization rate in each growth period is greatly improved, meanwhile, the large-flow drip irrigation system is easy to form surface runoff, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are transported along the surface for a larger distance, the effect of fertilization is achieved, the step of applying seed fertilizers and base fertilizers is omitted, the agricultural time is saved, the problem that the wheat yield is affected due to insufficient supply of phosphorus and potassium in the middle and later stages of conventional drip irrigation wheat is solved, the phosphorus deficiency problem that the middle and later stages of the wheat are 15 cm away from the drip irrigation belt is solved, the technical prejudice that the surface runoff cannot be generated in the conventional drip irrigation technology is overcome, the water and fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the water and fertilizer saving effect is obvious, the emergence rate and the yield are remarkably increased, and meanwhile, the mu investment is greatly reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the wheat row spacing distribution of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the overall distribution of wheat seed pits in example 1 of the present invention.
Icon: 1 is a narrow row, 2 is a wide row, and 3 is a seed cavity.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all the embodiments, implementations and features of the invention may be combined with each other without contradiction or conflict. In the present invention, conventional equipment, devices, components, etc., are either commercially available or homemade in accordance with the present disclosure. In the present invention, some conventional operations and apparatuses, devices, components are omitted or only briefly described in order to highlight the gist of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments.
In the case of example 1,
the invention provides a wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat, which comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein
The planting mode adopts:
a mode of alternately arranging a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows, namely that the single wide row and the plurality of narrow rows are adjacent to each other in a more narrow-wide mode;
the wide row spacing is 12-15 cm,
the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-10 cm,
the distance between adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
hill-drop is performed in the narrow and wide rows,
the planting points of the bunch planting are arranged in staggered mode, namely, the positions of two adjacent rows of planting points are not on the same column, as shown in fig. 2.
The hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting:
a high flow drip irrigation system based on the planting mode,
the flow specification of the dripper of the large-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 m, the length of the branch pipe is 35-40 m,
the middle position of the drip irrigation bandwidth row of the large-flow drip irrigation system,
the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wet peak of the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is larger than 55 cm;
the reasonable arrangement of the wide-narrow row spacing is not only beneficial to laying the drip irrigation tape, but also obtains better marginal effect and is more beneficial to crop growth; meanwhile, the proper planting distance is more beneficial to mechanized sowing operation.
The efficient water and fertilizer management adopts:
based on the planting mode and the wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation system arranged by the pipe network system,
the efficient water and fertilizer management is to irrigate according to an alternate irrigation mode, namely, after the irrigation of one alternate irrigation district is finished, the next alternate irrigation group is started firstly, then the current alternate irrigation group is closed, and as the wheat group is overlarge and the inadaptation conditions such as watering, fertilization, windy weather and the like occur in the later period, the wheat is prone to lodging, so that in the wheat production, scientific fertilization and drip irrigation watering are carried out according to the fertility of soil and weather conditions;
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, and irrigation period is 10-15 days, and irrigation quota is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2.
Further, under different soil textures, the wheat width and the row spacing of the planting mode are realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 12-13 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 5-7 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 13-14 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 7-8 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 14-15 cm, and the narrow row spacing is 8-10 cm.
Taking sandy soil as an example, the wide row spacing of the wheat is set to be 12 cm, the narrow row spacing is set to be 5 cm, and the field arrangement mode adopts a mode of 'more narrow one wide adjacent', as shown in fig. 1, the specific distribution is as follows:
5 cm+5 cm 5 cm+5 cm+12 cm a +5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5cm+5 cm+5 cm mode;
further, different soil qualities are underground, and the pipe network system arrangement is realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the flow rate of the drip heads is 6-8 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 30-35 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the flow rate of the drip heads is 5-7 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the flow rate of the drip heads is 4-6 liters/hour, the spacing between the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing between drip irrigation belts is 100-110 cm.
The planting mode is wide and narrow in row spacing, and the pipe network system is arranged, so that the main root area of the wheat is located in the range of a wetting peak, and the irrigation effect is good.
Further, the efficient water and fertilizer management respectively performs water and fertilizer management according to a seed period, a seedling period, a jointing period, a heading period, a grouting period and a maturation period, wherein:
the seed period is characterized in that the ground drip irrigation pipe network is immediately installed after the seeding is completed, the seedling water is immediately dripped after the installation is completed,
the water-bearing fertilizer is applied along with water when the water-bearing capacity reaches 55-65% of the water-bearing rate in the growth period, and the fertilizer application amount is 5% of the total application amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
the seedling emergence period is that the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, when the water content of the field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity, the irrigation is started,
according to the different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate reaching over 98 percent, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 73-74 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 72% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate below 94%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 71% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71% after irrigation is completed, the field soil needs to be irrigated in advance for one time;
the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 25 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 10% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the jointing period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 20% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the heading period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the grouting period is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the mature period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 30 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, the fertilizer is applied along with water, and the fertilization quantity is 15% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O.
In the planting mode, the overall arrangement of the seed holes is quadrilateral or octagonal in shape, and the number of narrow rows is larger than that of the wide rows.
On the basis of satisfying the above settings, the following requirements are still satisfied:
before the planting technology is used, soil preparation is needed, and deep, transparent, clean, solid, flat and sufficient can be ensured; the depth of the cultivated land is 30-35 cm; the method comprises the steps of (1) preventing diseases and weed, preparing liquid medicine according to the proportion of a specification by using a weed killer and a pest and disease control pesticide which have no toxicity to wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, and sealing soil before sowing; selecting and processing seeds, namely selecting seeds with high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance which are suitable for local areas, carefully selecting the seeds, enabling the germination rate to reach more than 98%, and carrying out medicament seed dressing sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
When the planting technology is operated during sowing, wheat is uniformly sown in wide rows and narrow rows which are well separated on a farmland, and the sowing is required to be uniform, the sowing is not repeated, the sowing is not missed, the sowing depth is consistent, and the soil covering is good; in the sowing time, the average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃; 4-6 cm of surface soil is frozen at the sowing depth, and 2.5-2.9 cm of sowing depth; in the sowing quantity, the sowing grain number of winter wheat per mu is 30-50 ten thousand grains, and the sowing grain number of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand grains; and (3) reseeding after seed sowing is finished, and timely reseeding the land head, the land edge, the land corner and the broken strip, so that full blocks and seedlings are achieved.
Chemical regulation and control are carried out in the growth period of the planting technology, and before jointing, the wheat has the strongest drug resistance and can be chemically weeding by using wheat straw; in order to prevent the overgrowth and later lodging of the wheat, the control can be performed by using an equivalent control agent such as paclobutrazol.
When the planting technology is used for harvesting wheat, the mechanization is used for harvesting when the moisture content of wheat grains is 20-25%.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat is characterized in that: comprises a planting mode, pipe network system arrangement and efficient water and fertilizer management, wherein
The planting mode adopts:
a mode of alternately arranging a single wide row and a plurality of narrow rows, namely that the single wide row and the plurality of narrow rows are adjacent to each other in a more narrow-wide mode;
the row spacing of the wide rows is 12-15 cm, the row spacing of the narrow rows is 5-10 cm, and the distance between the adjacent wide rows is not more than 110 cm;
hill-drop is performed in the narrow and wide rows,
the seed point of the bunch planting is set by adopting:
arranged in a staggered manner,
i.e. the positions of two adjacent rows of seed cavities are not on the same column,
the hole distance of the hole sowing is 5-8 cm;
the pipe network system is arranged by adopting:
a high flow drip irrigation system based on the planting mode,
the flow specification of the dripper of the large-flow drip irrigation system is more than 4L/h,
the distance between the branch pipes of the large-flow drip irrigation system is 70-80 m, the length of the branch pipe is 35-40 m,
the drip irrigation belts of the large-flow drip irrigation system are paved at the middle position of the wide row,
the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is arranged on the ground surface,
the wet peak of the drip irrigation belt of the high-flow drip irrigation system is larger than 55 cm;
the efficient water and fertilizer management adopts:
based on the planting mode and the wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation system arranged by the pipe network system,
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management is implemented by the way of rotation irrigation, namely, when the irrigation of one rotation irrigation district is finished, the next rotation irrigation group is started first, then the current rotation irrigation group is closed,
the efficient water and fertilizer management irrigation plan: drip irrigation for 5-7 times in the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 10-15 days, and the irrigation quota is 4200m3/hm 2-4800 m3/hm2;
according to different soil textures, the wheat width and the row spacing of the planting mode and the pipe network system arrangement are realized according to the following conditions:
when the soil texture is sandy soil, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 12-13 cm, the narrow row spacing is 5-7 cm, the flow rate of the drip heads is 6-8 liters/hour, the spacing of the drip heads is 30-35 cm, and the spacing of the drip irrigation belt is 90-100 cm;
when the soil texture is loam, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 13-14 cm, the narrow row spacing is 7-8 cm, the flow rate of the drip heads is 5-7 liters/hour, the spacing of the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing of the drip irrigation belt is 90-110 cm;
when the soil texture is clay, the wide row spacing of the wheat is 14-15 cm, the narrow row spacing is 8-10 cm, the flow rate of the drip heads is 4-6 liters/hour, the spacing of the drip heads is 35-40 cm, and the spacing of the drip irrigation belt is 100-110 cm;
the high-efficiency water and fertilizer management is respectively carried out according to a seed period, a seedling period, a jointing period, a heading period, a grouting period and a maturation period, wherein:
the seed period is characterized in that the ground drip irrigation pipe network is immediately installed after the seeding is completed, the seedling water is immediately dripped after the installation is completed,
the water-bearing fertilizer is applied along with water when the water-bearing capacity reaches 55-65% of the water-bearing rate in the growth period, and the fertilizer application amount is 5% of the total application amount of N, P O5 and K2O;
the seedling emergence period is that the winter wheat is irrigated 15-20 days after seedling emergence, the spring wheat is irrigated 6-8 days after seedling emergence, when the water content of the field soil reaches 71-74% of the maximum water holding capacity, the irrigation is started,
according to the different emergence rates, the irrigation standard is set as follows:
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate reaching over 98 percent, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 73-74 percent of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate of 95-97%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 72% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
in the rotation irrigation area with the emergence rate below 94%, irrigation is carried out when the water content of the field soil reaches 71% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil,
if the water content of the field soil is more than 71% after irrigation is completed, the field soil needs to be irrigated in advance for one time;
the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 25 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 50-60% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 10% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the jointing period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 20% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the heading period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the irrigation quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the grouting period is started when the water content of the field soil reaches 76-79% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 35 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 60-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, carrying out water-following fertilization, wherein the fertilization quantity is 25% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O;
the mature period starts to irrigate when the water content of the field soil reaches 61-64% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the water filling quota in the growing period can enable the depth of a soil wetting layer to reach 30 cm and reach 100% of the maximum water holding capacity of the field soil;
when the irrigation quantity reaches 55-65% of the irrigation quota in the growing period, the fertilizer is applied along with water, and the fertilization quantity is 15% of the total application quantity of N, P O5 and K2O.
2. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the planting mode, the overall arrangement of the seed holes is quadrilateral or octagonal in appearance.
3. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the planting mode, the number of narrow rows is greater than the number of wide rows.
4. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the operation before the sowing is that,
soil preparation, ensuring deep, transparent, clean, real, flat and foot; the depth of the cultivated land is 30-35 cm;
the method comprises the steps of (1) preventing diseases and weed, preparing liquid medicine according to a proportion by selecting a weed killer and a pest pesticide which have no toxicity to wheat and are beneficial to weed elimination, and sealing soil before sowing;
selecting and processing seeds, namely selecting seeds with high individual plant productivity and strong stress resistance which are suitable for local areas, carefully selecting the seeds, enabling the germination rate to reach more than 98%, and carrying out medicament seed dressing sterilization treatment on the seeds by adopting a conventional technology.
5. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the operation is that, during the sowing,
uniformly sowing wheat in wide rows and narrow rows on a farmland, wherein uniform sowing, no replay, no miss-sowing, consistent sowing depth and good soil covering are required;
in the sowing time, the average temperature of winter wheat in the sowing period is 15-18 ℃; the average temperature of the spring wheat in the sowing period is stabilized above 2 ℃;
4-6 cm of surface soil is frozen at the sowing depth, and 2.5-2.9 cm of sowing depth;
in the sowing quantity, the sowing grain number of winter wheat per mu is 30-50 ten thousand grains, and the sowing grain number of spring wheat is 50-60 ten thousand grains;
and (3) reseeding after seed sowing is finished, and timely reseeding the land head, the land edge, the land corner and the broken strip, so that full blocks and seedlings are achieved.
6. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: chemical regulation and control are carried out in the growth period, in particular,
before jointing, the wheat has the strongest drug resistance, and wheat straw can be used for chemical weeding;
in order to prevent the overgrowth and later lodging of the wheat, the control can be performed by using a paclobutrazol control agent.
7. A wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technique for wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when harvesting, the wheat grains are harvested mechanically when the moisture content is 20-25%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210781921.0A CN115486349B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210781921.0A CN115486349B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115486349A CN115486349A (en) | 2022-12-20 |
| CN115486349B true CN115486349B (en) | 2023-08-01 |
Family
ID=84465628
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210781921.0A Active CN115486349B (en) | 2022-07-05 | 2022-07-05 | Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115486349B (en) |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1257665C (en) * | 2003-12-02 | 2006-05-31 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Drought defying water saving planting method for rice |
| CN101622930B (en) * | 2008-01-17 | 2013-07-31 | 许明东 | Method for planting farm crops in high-ridge arched film ditches |
| CN101617600A (en) * | 2009-07-24 | 2010-01-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团农业建设第八师148团 | Spring wheat planting method by trickle irrigation |
| WO2013138881A1 (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2013-09-26 | Sibin Paulo Roberto | Irrigation systems used in the growing of cotton and wheat |
| CN102726185B (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2015-07-15 | 河南科技大学 | Cotton cultivation method |
| CN102972138B (en) * | 2012-12-17 | 2015-02-04 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Soil water soluble nutrient testing method adopting in-situ injection technique |
| CN103283547B (en) * | 2013-06-09 | 2015-01-28 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Seedling colonization method for promoting rice tillering |
| CN104365307A (en) * | 2013-08-16 | 2015-02-25 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Method for cultivating stored green corn through no-tillage multiple-sowing after wheat growing under drip irrigation conditions |
| CN103583205A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-19 | 山东省农业科学院生物技术研究中心 | Cultivation method of peanuts |
| CN103891517B (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2015-08-12 | 新疆农垦科学院 | A kind of water and fertilizer management method of corn saving irrigation model |
| CN104350930B (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2017-05-17 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat |
| CN104472201B (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-09-28 | 石河子大学 | A kind of drip irrigation spring wheat Super-high-yielding group structure construction method |
| CN105191636B (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-10-03 | 石河子大学 | A kind of North SinKiang spring wheat planting method by trickle irrigation |
| CN108142226B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-01-14 | 中国农业大学 | Green drip irrigation water-saving cultivation method for winter wheat/summer corn rotation system |
| CN109275525A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-29 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of planting technology of the rice trickle irrigation direct-sowing dry based on water-fertilizer integral |
| CN111492910B (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2022-08-05 | 绵阳市农业科学研究院 | Method for planting feeding wheat |
| CN112219697A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-15 | 河海大学 | Automatic wheel irrigation device |
-
2022
- 2022-07-05 CN CN202210781921.0A patent/CN115486349B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115486349A (en) | 2022-12-20 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103609319B (en) | The double-cropped leisure implantation methods of Wheat in North China, corn | |
| CN105724035A (en) | Saline-alkali soil wheat wide-furrow sowing cultivation technology | |
| CN106171333A (en) | The implantation methods of Chinese cabbage | |
| CN107950370A (en) | The implantation methods of intercropping in garden kok-saghyz | |
| CN109937828A (en) | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Dryland interplanting corn semen viciae fabae | |
| CN105027884A (en) | Light and simplified cultivation method for oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN106818128B (en) | Desert greening planting structure and method | |
| CN107535290B (en) | Rice planting method | |
| CN110839474A (en) | Tea seed seedling growing method | |
| CN114521464A (en) | Crop rotation planting method for soybean, wheat and corn | |
| CN105325160A (en) | Simplified cultivation method of oilseed rapes in northern snow region | |
| CN113079992A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting Chinese wolfberry and alfalfa | |
| CN112106601B (en) | Method for interplanting green manure in coastal saline-alkali soil orchard | |
| CN111386984B (en) | Synergistic efficient planting method for cotton, melon and vegetable in saline-alkali land | |
| CN115486349B (en) | Wide-narrow row high-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting | |
| CN112889600A (en) | Cultivation method for interplanting and crop rotation of mountain pepper-corn-rape-garlic | |
| CN113273454A (en) | Winter storage type open-field Chinese cabbage mechanized production method | |
| CN112425467A (en) | Planting method of flowering cabbage | |
| CN112535082A (en) | Open field vegetable interplanting cultivation method | |
| CN110583394A (en) | Method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet | |
| CN110771457A (en) | Wheat water and fertilizer decrement and increase micro-spraying high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation method | |
| CN110870448A (en) | High-yield cultivation method for interplanting watermelons in cassava in mountainous regions | |
| CN114009289B (en) | Synergistic emission-reducing protective cultivation planting method for direct-seeding rice | |
| RU2777465C1 (en) | Method for bed cultivation of rice on agricultural lands not related to rice irrigation systems using underground drip irrigation under mulching film | |
| CN114342746B (en) | Open field spring sowing and early maturing cultivation method for celery |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| CB02 | Change of applicant information |
Address after: 832000 Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Beisi Road, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Applicant after: XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRI-RECLAMATION SCIENCES Applicant after: Beijing guoken Water Saving Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 102300 520, 2nd floor, 51 Sanjiadian East Street, Mentougou District, Beijing Applicant before: Beijing guoken Water Saving Technology Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: XINJIANG ACADEMY OF AGRI-RECLAMATION SCIENCES |
|
| CB02 | Change of applicant information | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |