CN110583394A - Method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet - Google Patents
Method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for hybrid seed production of millet with coordinated flowering phase and field preservation of seedlings. The method realizes the coordinated flowering phase of the hybrid seed production of the millet and the proper seedling density of the millet through seedling transplantation of the millet cultivation seedlings, and solves the problems of uncoordinated flowering phase of the hybrid seed production of the millet, low hybridization rate and seed production yield, difficult seedling emergence, often caused seedling shortage and ridge breaking, serious influence on the yield of the unit area of the millet of the field, insufficient temperature accumulation of the multi-cropping millet with long planting growth period or after harvesting of the previous crops, and low planting enthusiasm of farmers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a millet hybrid seed production and field millet cultivation technology, in particular to a method for coordinating flowering phase and field full-seedling maintenance of millet hybrid seed production.
Background
Millet is one of the traditional and ancient cultivated crops in China, and is called millet and also called beam in the ancient times, and is the head of five cereals in the ancient China. After peeling, the product is commonly called as millet and is one of the main grains loved by northern people in China. Millet is one of the traditional and old cultivated crops in China, and has at least 7000 years of cultivation history in China. It has the features of drought resistance, barren resistance, rich nutrients, etc. For thousands of years, it not only nurses the descendants of China, but also plays an important role in the inoculation, formation and development of Chinese civilization.
China is the first world-wide millet producing country, the planting area accounts for 85% of the world-wide millet planting area, the total yield accounts for about 80% of the world-wide millet, and the millet and millet planting method is a characteristic crop and a dominant export crop.
Millet is a representative of Shanxi minor cereal kingdom, and the Shanxi millet is famous nationwide due to large quality and is a dazzling bright pearl in minor cereal production in China. However, the major producing areas of millet in Shanxi and surrounding provinces are in arid and semiarid seasonal climatic zones of loess plateau, nine decades of drought and spring drought. The proper seeding period of the millet is driven to the severe stage of windy spring drought. Although millet is drought-resistant and barren-resistant compared with other field crops, the germination stage to the emergence stage is the weakest link in the life, seedling and ridge shortage in the field is often caused by traditional field direct seeding, the yield is influenced to different degrees, and even crops or varieties with shorter growth period have to be damaged due to serious seedling shortage. The whole seedling catching of the millet is the important factor for high yield and high efficiency of the millet, so the common saying that half of the seedling is harvested is provided.
The hybrid millet represented by Zhang miscellaneous millet is a new thing with epoch-making significance in millet production, has high yield and good quality in large fields, increases planting benefits in multiples, keeps high-yield and high-efficiency records of millet in various regions refreshed continuously, is commented by the consistency of broad growers and highly attaches importance of governments at all levels, and becomes one of important ways for farmers to get rid of poverty and get rich in dry hills and poor mountains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling maintenance of millet hybrid seed production, which realizes coordinated flowering phase of the millet hybrid seed production and suitable seedling density for millet planting by seedling transplanting of millet cultivation seedlings, and solves the problems of inconsistent flowering phase of the hybrid millet seed production, low hybridization rate and seed production yield, direct seeding of traditional millet seeds in fields, difficult seedling emergence, seedling shortage and ridge breaking, serious influence on the yield of millet in fields, insufficient temperature of multiple-seed millet with long planting growth period or harvested previous crops and low planting enthusiasm of farmers.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a method for hybrid seed production of millet with flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings comprises the following steps: the hybrid millet seed production field is used for cultivating seedlings according to different staggered periods, different proportions and proper time of parents and parents, and the field planting is used for cultivating the seedlings according to the actual production requirement and the proper time; the following were used:
i, seed production in a seed production field:
according to each 667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the seed production bed is 10 ~ 20m2The area of the rice seedling bed is divided into a female parent rice seedling bed and a male parent rice seedling bed, and the area proportion of the female parent rice seedling bed and the male parent rice seedling bed is set according to the proportion of the female parent and the male parent.
The female parent seedling stage spends in the female parent seedling field: each 667m of the female parent seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg, deep ploughing 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water on sole, spreading a layer of turning soil 2 ~ 3cm after the water seeps, spreading female parent, covering with seed2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil in advance, then covering with a mulching film, removing the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of the seedlings sprout out, spraying water, and promoting the seedlings to sprout out of the soil.
The male parent seedling stage spends in the male parent seedling field: each 667m of male parent rice seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg, deeply turning over 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water on sole moisture, spreading a layer of turning-over soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water on the sole moisture seeps, then spreading the male parent, spreading seeds, covering 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil on the male parent, then covering with a mulching film, and when 20 ~ 30% of seedling buds are exposed, removing the mulching film, spraying water to promote the emergence of the seedlings.
In addition, the male parent and the female parent can also adopt nutrition hole trays to culture seedling blocks, the number of the hole trays of the male parent and the female parent is determined according to the proportion of the male parent and the female parent, and the seedling stage of the male parent and the seedling stage of the female parent both spend in the nutrition hole trays.
Transplanting the female parent and the male parent into a seed production field, wherein the flowering phases of the female parent and the male parent meet in the seed production field, protecting roots and lifting seedlings before transplanting, soaking the seedlings in 10 ~ 20mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 2 ~ 4h, transplanting the seedlings into the seed production field, wherein the number of the transplanted seedlings in each hole is 2 ~ 3, and watering each hole with 100 ~ 200ml after transplanting.
II, field planting:
(1) the paddy field millet is suitable for the sowing period, and strong seedlings are cultivated in the paddy field in water
According to each 667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the planting field is 10 ~ 20m2Every 667m of rice seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 40 ~ 50kg, deeply ploughing 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water in sole, spreading a layer of turning soil 2 ~ 3cm after the water seeps, and spreading every m2Sowing 3000 ~ 6000 effective seeds, spreading 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil on the seeds, covering with mulching film, removing the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of the seedlings are exposed, spraying water to promote the seedlings to emerge, wherein the whole seedling age is 20 ~ 25d, spraying water when the seedlings have 3 ~ 5 leaves, protecting the roots and lifting the seedlings before transplanting, soaking in 10 ~ 20mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 2 ~ 4h for transplanting, and transplanting every 667m2Transplanting in 4000 ~ 6000 holes in field, transplanting 2 ~ 3 plants in each hole, watering 100 ~ 200ml in each hole after transplanting, or transplanting in rainy day.
(2) In the proper sowing period of the paddy field millet, seedling blocks are cultivated by using nutrient hole trays
Selecting a tray with 72 holes (6 x 12) and ~ 144 holes (8 x 16), pouring nutrient soil into the tray, scraping off excessive nutrient soil, compacting, watering the bottom soil moisture thoroughly, spreading a layer of 1 ~ 2cm turning soil after the bottom soil moisture seeps, spreading 3 ~ 5 effective seeds in each hole, covering the effective seeds with 2 ~ 3cm of nutrient soil, placing the tray in the sunny place after sowing, covering the tray with common mulching film, removing the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of seedlings are exposed, spraying water to promote the emergence of seedlings, ensuring that the whole seedling age is 20 ~ 30d, transplanting 3 ~ 5 leaves of rice seedlings, spraying water in advance for 3 ~ 5 days, removing nutrient soil blocks in the holes when transplanting, and spraying water every 667m2Transplanting in 4000 ~ 6000 holes in field, transplanting 2 ~ 3 plants in each hole, watering 100 ~ 200ml in each hole after transplanting, or transplanting in rainy day.
In the specific implementation, 1, the seed production field and the field are isolated by more than 100m, weeds are removed from the field and the periphery, the seed production field and the field are selected from land blocks which are not planted with millet within three years, after the last-stubble crops are harvested, the field is cleaned, and the field is deeply ploughed by 20 ~ 30 cm.
2. If the breeding field or the field has underground pest damage, each 667m21.5 ~ 2kg of 3% phoxim granules or 5% chlorpyrifos granules are applied.
3. The turning soil is surface soil of a field ploughed with no millet seeds planted within 3 years after passing through a sieve pore of 50-60 meshes.
4. The nutrient soil is surface soil of field plowed land which has passed through 50-60 mesh sieve pores and has not been planted with millet within 3 years3Adding 500g of N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer, fully and uniformly mixing, and adding water until the water content of the soil reaches ~ 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field.
5. Each 667m2The total effective seed quantity for planting the field is 6 ten thousand, about 180 g, and the seed number is calculated according to the thousand seed weight of the seeds in the actual operation. Each 667m2The total effective seed quantity for planting the field is 6 ten thousand = seedling field area (m)2) X per m2Effective seed number for broadcast, wherein: effective seed number = effective seed amount (g)/thousand kernel weight × 1000. If per 667m2The area of the seedling bed adopted by the planting field is 10m2At each m26000 effective seeds are sown in the rice seedling bed; if per 667m2The area of the seedling bed adopted by the planting field is 20m2At each m23000 effective seeds are sowed in the rice seedling bed. Wherein the effective seed amount (grain or g) = the seed amount (grain or g) × germination percentage (%) × germination potential (%) × purity (%).
6. And (3) seed treatment, namely drying seeds in the sun for 2 ~ 3d before sowing, rinsing the seeds by using 0.5% saline water, then washing the seeds by using clear water, and then dressing the seeds by using 3% metalaxyl-M aqueous solution according to the mass ratio of the metalaxyl-M aqueous solution to the seeds of 1: 100.
7. If the accumulated temperature is insufficient, or in order to improve the water content and the available nutrient content of the plough layer and the yield, a mulching film with the width of 80cm can be covered.
8. When the field is planted, wide and narrow rows are adopted for transplanting alternately, the large row spacing is 60cm, the small row spacing is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 22 ~ 33 cm.
9. 10 ~ 15d after transplanting, intertillage weeding, and seedling hole ridging, each 667m215 kg of urea 15 ~ 20kg were applied.
10. Other management is the traditional direct seeding of millet fields.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
firstly, in seed production, the breeding time of the male parent and the female parent is arranged according to the requirement of meeting the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent, the seedling phases of the male parent and the female parent respectively transit in respective seedling fields, the meeting of the flowering phases of the male parent and the female parent in the seed production field is ensured, a suitable production environment is easily created, the hybridization rate and the seed production yield of hybrid seeds are improved, and the purpose of win-win of seed production households and hybrid seed planting households is achieved.
And secondly, seedling raising and transplanting, namely planting and maintaining full seedlings, solves the problems that conventional seed direct seeding is often short of seedlings and broken ridges and even damages seeds, improves the yield per unit of millet and the enthusiasm of farmers for millet planting, lays a foundation for high yield and high efficiency of millet planting, and contributes to the revivification of the national coarse cereal industry.
Thirdly, the seeds of the traditional millet are directly sown, the accumulated temperature of each planting area is basically stable every year, only the matched millet variety can be planted, after the method is adopted, the seedling raising stage can be carried out in a solar greenhouse or a greenhouse and other protective fields, the growing period of the millet in one area is prolonged, the variety with longer growing period can be planted, the foundation is laid for the high yield and high quality of the millet, and the method has great significance particularly for the areas with shorter frost-free period and lower accumulated temperature.
Fourthly, the multiple cropping index can be improved, the accumulated temperature of the millet planted in one season is insufficient after the previous crops are harvested in one area, the normal maturity of the millet can be ensured by adopting the method provided by the invention and mulching film mulching to raise seedlings in advance, and therefore the unit area benefit is increased.
Fifthly, the method can be used for industrially cultivating seedlings, expanding the row spacing of the millet and performing hole planting, and explores a feasible way for the standardized production and the whole mechanized operation of the millet.
And sixthly, the plant diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage and a plurality of soil-borne systemic infection diseases are effectively prevented. Most of the seedling stages of the millet are moderately crossed in a seedling bed, or the millet is spent on a nutrition hole tray, the small area is easy to control, protect and prevent, the key periods of seedling emergence of the millet, such as seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling early stage, and the weak links of the whole life of the millet are in severe climatic conditions, and the seedling stage pest and disease damage and a plurality of soil-borne systemic infection diseases can be effectively prevented, such as underground pests: mole cricket, grub, wireworm and the like, soil-borne systemic infection diseases: white-sickness disease, kernel smut and the like, and lays a foundation for improving the yield per unit.
Seventh, the application prospect is wide, the annual seeding area of Chinese millet is 130 ~ 200 ten thousand hm2More than 70 percent of the millet is sowed in dry slope hilly mountain areas, and the available area per year can at least reach 100 ten thousand hm2The yield is 3000kg/hm according to the current traditional planting2By adopting the method, the yield can be increased by 10 percent, and the yield of the millet can be increased by more than 3 hundred million kg (30 million t) and 15 hundred million yuan per year nationwide according to the current market price of 5 yuan/kg; the annual popularization area of the hybridized millet is 140 kilohm2About 7000hm for hybrid seed production2Per hm23000 yuan of calculation is added, and the total benefit can be increased by 2100 ten thousand yuan. The two items can be increased by 15.21 billion yuan per year. Has wide application prospect and great effect of increasing both production and income.
The method of the invention opens a new path, controls the seedling transplanting and matching technology by small area of millet, and integrates and assembles a millet seed production, coordinate flowering phase and field preservation seedling method, skillfully avoids the key periods of millet seed emergence such as direct seeding, seed germination, seedling emergence and seedling early stage in the field in the traditional drought season, and the weak links of millet in the whole life are in severe climatic conditions, so that parents adopted for hybrid seed production are in relatively consistent environmental conditions, the seed production field and the field are ensured to have enough basic seedlings, and the foundation is laid for the millet seed production and the high yield of the field. In addition, the method for industrially cultivating the seedlings can expand the row spacing and carry out hole planting, explore a feasible way for the standardized production and the whole-process mechanized operation of the millet, have wide application prospect and can make a contribution to the revivification of the coarse cereal industry.
The method of the invention has reasonable design and good practical popularization and application value.
Detailed Description
The following provides a detailed description of specific embodiments of the present invention.
A method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet comprises the following specific steps:
i, seed production in a seed production field: the hybrid millet seed production field is adopted to cultivate the seedlings according to different staggered periods, different proportions and proper time of parents and parents.
According to each 667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the seed production bed (mu, same below) is 10 ~ 20m2Wherein the area of the seedling bed is divided into a female parent seedling bed and a male parent seedling bed, for example: zhang miscellaneous cereal No. 5, female parent is: a. the2The father is improved No. 21, the area ratio of the female parent seedling bed to the male parent seedling bed is 4:1, namely the area of the female parent seedling bed is 8 ~ 16m per mu of seed production bed2The area of the male parent rice seedling bed is 2 ~ 4m2。
The male parent seedling stage spends in the male parent seedling field: each 667m of male parent rice seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, deeply ploughing by 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water on the bottom of the foot, spreading a layer of turnover soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water on the bottom seeps, then spreading the male parent, sowing the male parent improved 21 on the middle and north parts of Shanxi province in 5-15-5-20 days, covering the seeds with 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil, covering with mulching film, and sprouting about 7 days after sowing, removing the mulching film when the sprouts totally account for 20 ~ 30% of the number are exposed, spraying water, and promoting the sprouts to emerge soil.Waiting for transplanting to the planting field from the bottom of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months.
The female parent seedling stage spends in the female parent seedling field: each 667m of the female parent seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, deeply ploughing for 20 ~ 25cm, leveling, compacting, watering water in the bottom of the foot, spreading a layer of turning soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water seeps, and sowing female parent A2Sowing seeds in the middle and north of Shanxi province from 22 days at 5 months to 27 days at 5 months, covering 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil on the seeds after the seeds are sowed, then covering a mulching film, sprouting about 7 days after sowing, removing the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of sprouts are exposed, spraying water to promote sprouting, and then transplanting the seedlings to a seed production field after the end of 6 months to the beginning of 7 months.
In addition, the male parent and the female parent can also adopt nutrition hole trays to culture seedling blocks, the number of the hole trays of the male parent and the female parent is determined according to the proportion of the male parent and the female parent, and the seedling stage of the male parent and the seedling stage of the female parent both spend in the nutrition hole trays.
Note: the male parent is sown earlier than the female parent, and the aim is that the flowering phases of the female parent and the male parent can ensure that the female parent and the male parent meet in a seed production field.
The method comprises the steps of transplanting female parent seedlings and male parent seedlings into a seed production field simultaneously, enabling flowering periods of the female parent and the male parent to meet each other in the seed production field, spraying water before transplanting, protecting roots and lifting seedlings, soaking the seedlings in 10 ~ 20mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 2 ~ 4h, transplanting the seedlings into the seed production field, wherein the number of the transplanted seedlings in each hole is 2 ~ 3, watering the seedlings in each hole for 100 ~ 200ml after transplanting, planting 1 row of male parents and then planting 4 rows of female parents, and so on when the seedlings are transplanted specifically, or planting 2 rows of male parents and then planting 8 rows of female parents, and so on.
II, field planting: the seedlings are cultivated in proper time according to the actual production requirement in field planting.
The scheme (1) is that the paddy field millet is suitable for the sowing period, and strong seedlings are cultivated in the paddy field in water.
According to each 667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the planting field is 20m2Every 667m of rice seedling bed2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 50kg, deeply ploughing for 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water in the bottom of the foot, spreading a layer of turning soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water in the bottom of the foot seeps, and then spreading every m23000 effective seeds (each 667 m) are sown2The total effective seed amount of the planted field is 6 ten thousand grains), adopting jin valley 40, in the late spring sowing area, the seeding time of the rice field is 5 months later, after the seeds are sown, covering 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil on the rice field, then covering a mulching film, when 20 ~ 30% of the seedling buds are exposed, removing the mulching film, spraying water to promote the seedling buds to come out, the whole seedling age is 20 ~ 25d, in the middle and last ten days of the transplanting period 6 months, when the rice seedlings have 3 ~ 5 leaves, spraying water, protecting the roots and lifting the seedlings before transplanting, soaking the seedlings in 10 ~ 20mg/l naphthylacetic acid solution for 2 ~ 4h, transplanting every 667m, and performing transplantation24000 ~ 6000 holes are transplanted in a planting field, the number of seedlings transplanted in each hole is 2 ~ 3, the row spacing of the planting field is 30 ~ 50cm, the hole spacing is 22 ~ 50cm, the planting depth is 2 ~ 3 cm., according to actual production conditions, small water is poured after transplanting, or 100 ~ 200ml of water is poured in each hole, or the seedlings are transplanted in rainy days.
Scheme (2) in the proper sowing period of the paddy field millet, seedling blocks are cultivated by using the nutrition hole trays.
Selecting a tray with ~ 144 holes, filling holes with nutrient soil, scraping off excessive nutrient soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, spreading a layer of 1 ~ 2cm turning-over soil after the bottom soil is infiltrated, spreading 3 ~ 5 effective seeds in each hole, covering with 2 ~ 3cm of nutrient soil, adopting jin Gu 40, sowing in late spring sowing areas, sowing in 5 months, placing the tray in sunny days, covering with common mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of seedling buds are exposed, spraying water to promote emergence of seedling buds, transplanting seedlings with 3 20 ~ 25d in 6 months, transplanting seedlings with 3 ~ 5 leaves, advancing 3 ~ 5 days, spraying water, transplanting, removing nutrient soil blocks in holes, and transplanting each seedling block with nutrient soil m24000 ~ 6000 holes are transplanted in a planting field, the number of seedlings transplanted in each hole is 2 ~ 3, the row spacing of the planting field is 30 ~ 50cm, the hole spacing is 22 ~ 50cm, the planting depth is 2 ~ 3 cm., according to actual production conditions, small water is poured after transplanting, or 100 ~ 200ml of water is poured in each hole, or the seedlings are transplanted in rainy days.
In addition, in the area with insufficient accumulated temperature for planting jin Gu No. 21, normal maturity can be realized by breeding the seedlings for about 25d in a protected area in advance.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the detailed description is made with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which shall all fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for hybrid seed production of millet with flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
i, seed production in a seed production field:
according to each 667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the seed production bed is 10 ~ 20m2Wherein the area of the seedling bed is divided into a female parent seedling bed and a male parent seedling bed, and the area proportion of the female parent seedling bed and the male parent seedling bed is set according to the proportion of the female parent and the male parent;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) planting N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer in a female parent seedling field, deeply turning over for 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering sole moisture water, spreading a layer of turning-over soil with the thickness of 2 ~ 3cm after the bottom moisture water seeps, then sowing the female parent, covering seeds with 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil, covering with a mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of seedling buds are exposed, and spraying water to promote the emergence of the seedling buds;
applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer to the male parent seedling field, deeply ploughing for 20 ~ 25cm, leveling and compacting, watering water in sole moisture, spreading a layer of turning-over soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water in the bottom moisture seeps, then sowing the male parent, covering the seeds with 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil, then covering with a mulching film, uncovering the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of seedling buds are exposed, spraying water to promote the emergence of the seedlings;
transplanting the female parent and the male parent into a seed production field, wherein the flowering phases of the female parent and the male parent meet in the seed production field, namely protecting roots and lifting seedlings before transplanting, soaking the seedlings for 2 ~ 4h in 10 ~ 20mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution, transplanting the seedlings into the seed production field, wherein the number of the transplanted seedlings in each hole is 2 ~ 3, and watering 100 ~ 200ml in each hole after transplanting;
II, field planting:
(1) the paddy field millet is suitable for the sowing period, and strong seedlings are cultivated in the paddy field in water
According to each667m2The area of the seedling bed arranged in the planting field is 10 ~ 20m2Applying N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer to the rice seedling bed, deeply ploughing to 20 ~ 25cm, leveling, compacting, watering water in the bottom of the foot, spreading a layer of turning soil of 2 ~ 3cm after the water seeps, and spreading one layer of turning soil in each m2Sowing 3000 ~ 6000 effective seeds, spreading 2 ~ 3cm of prepared nutrient soil, covering with mulch film, removing mulch film when 20 ~ 30% of seedlings are exposed, spraying water to promote emergence of seedlings, spraying water when seedlings have 3 ~ 5 leaves, protecting roots and lifting seedlings before transplanting, soaking in 10 ~ 20mg/L naphthylacetic acid solution for 2 ~ 4h, transplanting every 667m2Transplanting in 4000 ~ 6000 holes in field, transplanting 2 ~ 3 plants in each hole, watering 100 ~ 200ml in each hole after transplanting, or transplanting in rainy day;
(2) in the proper sowing period of the paddy field millet, seedling blocks are cultivated by using nutrient hole trays
Selecting a hole tray, pouring nutrient soil into holes, scraping off excessive nutrient soil, compacting, watering thoroughly bottom-dead water, spreading a layer of 1 ~ 2cm turnover soil after the bottom-dead water seeps, spreading 3 ~ 5 effective seeds in each hole, covering with 2 ~ 3cm nutrient soil, placing the hole tray in the sunny place, covering with common mulching film, removing the mulching film when 20 ~ 30% of seedling buds are exposed, spraying water to promote emergence of seedlings, spraying water when 3 ~ 5 leaves of seedlings are transplanted, spraying water in 3 ~ 5 days ahead of time, removing nutrient soil blocks in holes when transplanting, and spraying water every 667m2Transplanting in 4000 ~ 6000 holes in field, transplanting 2 ~ 3 plants in each hole, watering 100 ~ 200ml in each hole after transplanting, or transplanting in rainy day.
2. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the seed production field and the field are isolated by more than 100 m.
3. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the male parent and the female parent adopt nutrition hole trays to culture seedling blocks, the number of the hole trays of the male parent and the female parent is determined according to the proportion of the male parent and the female parent, and the seedling stage of the male parent and the seedling stage of the female parent both spend in the nutrition hole trays.
4. The method for hybrid seed production and coordinated flowering and field seedling preservation of millet as claimed in claim 2, wherein the turning soil is the surface soil of field cultivation with no millet planted within 3 years and passing through a sieve pore of 50 ~ 60 mesh, and the nutrient soil is the surface soil of field cultivation with no millet planted within 3 years and passing through a sieve pore of 50 ~ 60 mesh, and each m of the soil is3Adding 500g of N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer, fully and uniformly mixing, and adding water until the water content of the soil reaches ~ 70% of the maximum water capacity in the field.
5. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of cereals according to claim 1, characterized in that the seed treatment comprises sunning 2 ~ 3d before sowing, rinsing with 0.5% saline water, then washing with clear water, and dressing with 3% aqueous metalaxyl-M solution according to the mass ratio of the aqueous metalaxyl-M solution to the seeds of 1: 100.
6. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: if the breeding field or the field has underground pest damage, each 667m21.5 ~ 2kg of 3% phoxim granules or 5% chlorpyrifos granules are applied.
7. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of full-length seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 1, wherein 10 ~ 15d after transplantation, intertillage weeding, seedling hole earthing up, every 667m215 kg of urea 15 ~ 20kg were applied.
8. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings for millet as claimed in claim 7, wherein wide and narrow rows are transplanted alternatively in field, the large row spacing is 60cm, the small row spacing is 40cm, and the hole spacing is 22 ~ 33 cm.
9. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the field with no millet seeds in the field for three years is selected for the seed production field and the field.
10. The method for hybrid seed production and flower season coordination and field preservation of seedlings of millet as claimed in claim 9, wherein after harvesting of the previous crop, cleaning the garden and deep ploughing for 20 ~ 30 cm.
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| CN111742798A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-10-09 | 贾银连 | Seedling raising method and transplanting method for dryland millet |
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