CN103039264B - Efficient maca cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient maca cultivation method. The method comprises the following steps of raising of maca seedlings in a greenhouse, soil preparation and moisture, transplanting, field management and harvesting. The method is characterized in that film mulching is adopted during the transplanting of the maca seedlings, and 500 times liquid of fish protein is sprayed for 2-3 times at a time interval of 6-8 days in the most vigorous period of maca leaves. By adopting the film mulching during the transplanting of the maca seedlings, weeds are decreased, a great deal of intertillage weeding work is avoided, and the production cost is reduced; besides, the nutrient demand in an expansion period of rootstocks is fully satisfied and the output and the quality of the maca are improved because of the topdressing in the most vigorous growth period of the maca leaves; and moreover, the revenue of the maca per Mu is enhanced while the cost of the maca per Mu is reduced, and the effects of excellent quality, high output and high efficiency of maca production are achieved.

Description

A kind of agate coffee efficient cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of agate coffee efficient cultivation method.

Background technology

Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp, transliteration is " agate coffee ") is the annual or 2 years raw herbaceous plant of Cruciferae (Cruciferae) separate row Vegetable spp (Lepidium).Agate coffee have antifatigue, anti-oxidant, strengthen immunity, improve sexual function, regulate internal secretion, improve the effects such as fertility.

The cradle of agate coffee is Peru, and China, from since calendar year 2001, has started the research of the artificial planting plantation to agate coffee, and there has been the plantation of certain area in Yunnan, Xinjiang etc. at present.Adopt implantation methods be seed seedling-raising, transplanting, intertill and clean tillage, results, the method exist problem be transplant after need to carry out a large amount of intertill and clean tillage work, and the later stage do not pay close attention to problem of fertilization, cause output lower.Chinese patent CN102090245A discloses " cultivation method of plant Maca " (China Patent No. is 201010516199.5), this patent comprises seed treatment, presoaking and germinating, cave dish sowing and seedling management, transplant, row irrigation, fertilising, intertill and clean tillage, gather and keeping step, although this patent provides the dry plant Maca cultivation method of applicable Xinjiang Shi Kuer, fail to solve the problem that needs to carry out a large amount of intertill and clean tillage work and the fertile requirement of agate coffee growth later stage need in plant Maca cultivation process.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is the problem for above-mentioned existence, a kind of agate coffee efficient cultivation method of reducing or remitting weeding work, improving output is provided.

The present invention is achieved in that agate coffee efficient cultivation method, comprise agate coffee raise seedling in greenhouse, whole geographical moisture in the soil, transplanting, field management and the step of gathering, while it is characterized in that the transplantation of seedlings of agate coffee, adopt plastic mulching, when agate coffee leaf growth is the most vigorous, every 6～8 days, spray 500 times of liquid of fish albumen 1 time, spray altogether 2～3 times.

The present invention adopts plastic mulching during because of the transplantation of seedlings of agate coffee, has reduced the growth of weeds, has reduced or remitted a large amount of intertill and clean tillage work, has reduced production cost; When agate coffee leaf growth is the most vigorous, impose fertilizer, fully met the nutritional need of rhizome expanding stage, improved output and the quality of agate coffee, increase income and economize on spending more than 2500 yuan for every mu, reached the high-quality that agate coffee is produced, highly efficient and productive effect.

Agate coffee traditional cultivation method and the inventive method Contrast on effect table

Planting process	Traditional cultivation method	The inventive method
			Transplant	150 yuan/mu of costs	300 yuan/mu of costs
Weeding	1000 yuan/mu of costs	200 yuan/mu of costs
			Later stage fertilising	Do not execute	120 yuan of costs
Output	Average 250 kgs/acre	Average 420 kgs/acre

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, particular content of the present invention is described.

The present invention includes and comprise agate coffee raise seedling in greenhouse, whole geographical moisture in the soil, transplanting, field management, the step of gathering:

1, raise seedling in greenhouse

1. seed treatment

At the beginning of 4 months, select the seed produced in high, the high purity of maturity, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good first year, bask seeds 1～2 day, hot water treatment of seeds 36～48 hours with 30～35 ℃, during seed soaking, add 0.5% carbendazim or fenaminosulf.After pulling seed out, admix slow fire earth burning, vernalization under 20～25 ℃ of conditions, often spreads stirring seed out, sowing after 60% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;

2. sowing

Sowing media is humus soil in mass ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses: the preparation of the immature soil=5:3:2 ratio, grow seedlings basket specification be length x width x depth=40cm × 40cm × 7cm, the seeding quantity of every dish is 0.6 gram, and seed uniform broadcasting covers the fire soil that a layer thickness is 0.2cm after the basket of growing seedlings, and waters permeable;

3. seedling management

Keep in seedbed 15～25 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night 5～10 ℃ of temperature, the rate 60～70% of sheltering from heat or light, the maintenance moisture in the soil of often watering daytime face is moistening.After seedling all sprouts, remove pine tag, artificial weeding 1～2 time between nursery stage, sprayed bacillus and prevents and treats disease 1～2 time every ten days.When the agate coffee number of blade reaches 4～5, every 6～7 days, spray 500 times of liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, spray altogether 2～3 times.

2, whole geographical moisture in the soil

May, the soil is porous, fertile, soil structure good in selection, water source is level land or ground, gentle slope easily, turn over every even 1 ton of decomposed manure and 40 kilograms of N:P:K=15:15:15 composite fertilizers of applying per mu after plough removal of impurities, base area is block-shaped manages moisture in the soil with slope aspect, moisture in the soil is wide 1.2 meters, 0.35 meter of furrow width, 0.25～0.3 meter of ditch depth.

3, covering with plastic film

The moisture in the soil face of having managed waters permeable rear with black film mulching, and it is the openning of 4～5 centimetres that the specification that is 20 × 20 centimetres according to seeding row spacing is torn diameter, waits to plant.

4, transplant

6～July, after 50～60 days, transplant growing seedlings, after transplanting, water in time sufficient normal root water, planting patterns management routinely.

5, field management

Later stage around agate coffee plant not the place of covering with plastic film carry out weeding.

6, manuring late

When agate coffee leaf growth is the most vigorous, every 6～8 days, spray 500 times of liquid of fish albumen 1 time, spray altogether 2～3 times.

7, results

Can gather in the crops by the end of December 40 grams of average individual plants, 420 kilograms of per mu yields, the obvious product higher than tradition plantation of effective component in Maka content.

Claims (1)

1. an agate coffee efficient cultivation method, is characterized in that, adopts following steps:

1), raise seedling in greenhouse

1. seed treatment

At the beginning of 4 months, select the seed of producing in high, the high purity of maturity, germination rate is high, germination vigor is good first year, bask seeds 1～2 day, with 30～35 ℃, hot water treatment of seeds 36～48 hours, during seed soaking, add 0.5% carbendazim or fenaminosulf, admix slow fire earth burning, vernalization under 20～25 ℃ of conditions after pulling seed out, often spread stirring seed out, sowing after 60% seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally;

2. sowing

Sowing media is humus soil in mass ratio: the peat composed of rotten mosses: the preparation of the immature soil=5:3:2 ratio, grow seedlings basket specification be length x width x depth=40cm × 40cm × 7cm, the seeding quantity of every dish is 0.6 gram, and seed uniform broadcasting covers the fire soil that a layer thickness is 0.2cm after the basket of growing seedlings, and waters permeable;

3. seedling management

Keep in seedbed 15～25 ℃ of temperature in daytime, night 5～10 ℃ of temperature, the rate 60～70% of sheltering from heat or light, often water daytime and keep moisture in the soil face moistening, after seedling all sprouts, remove pine tag, artificial weeding 1～2 time between nursery stage, every ten days, spray bacillus and prevent and treat disease 1～2 time, when the agate coffee number of blade reaches 4～5, every 6～7 days, spray 500 times of liquid of potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time, spray altogether 2～3 times

2), whole geographical moisture in the soil

May, the soil is porous, fertile, soil structure good in selection, water source is level land or ground, gentle slope easily, turn over every even 1 ton of decomposed manure and 40 kilograms of N:P:K=15:15:15 composite fertilizers of applying per mu after plough removal of impurities, base area is block-shaped manages moisture in the soil with slope aspect, moisture in the soil is wide 1.2 meters, 0.35 meter of furrow width, 0.25～0.3 meter of ditch depth;

3), covering with plastic film

The moisture in the soil face of having managed waters permeable rear with black film mulching, and it is the openning of 4～5 centimetres that the specification that is 20 × 20 centimetres according to seeding row spacing is torn diameter, waits to plant;

4), transplant

6～July, after 50～60 days, transplant growing seedlings, after transplanting, water in time sufficient normal root water, planting patterns management routinely;

5), field management

Later stage around agate coffee plant not the place of covering with plastic film carry out weeding;

6), manuring late

When agate coffee leaf growth is the most vigorous, every 6～8 days, spray 500 times of liquid of fish albumen 1 time, spray altogether 2～3 times;

7), results

Can gather in the crops by the end of December 40 grams of average individual plants, 420 kilograms of per mu yields, the obvious product higher than tradition plantation of effective component in Maka content.