CN105532431A - Hybrid seed production method of organic turnip - Google Patents
Hybrid seed production method of organic turnip Download PDFInfo
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- CN105532431A CN105532431A CN201510950068.0A CN201510950068A CN105532431A CN 105532431 A CN105532431 A CN 105532431A CN 201510950068 A CN201510950068 A CN 201510950068A CN 105532431 A CN105532431 A CN 105532431A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of cultivation of crops, and particularly relates to a hybrid seed production method of turnip. The method comprises the steps of breeding of male and female parents and seed production. The breeding of male and female parents uses an adult plant seed reserving method for propagation; and the seed production uses a male sterile line for breeding a first filial generation. The breeding of male and female parents includes nursery management, planting, seedling management and seed plant harvest. The seed production includes management and planting of a seed production farm, field management and seed harvest. The hybrid seed production method of radish promotes the healthy development of turnip industry, better serves agriculture and rural economic development, and accelerates the industrialization development of the organic turnip.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of planting of crops, particularly relate to the cross-breeding method of a kind of radish.
Background technology
Weihe River county radish is apart from the modern cultivation history having more than 300 year.Weihe River county radish is the famous and high-quality fruit radish varieties had won fame both at home and abroad, one of Ye Shi Shandong Province name special vegetable, have fleshy root be unearthed many, root of the tail is little, color of the leather is dark green, yellowish pink is emerald green, crisp sweet succulence, the slightly tool perfume advantage such as pungent, storage endurance, becoming to eat raw is main fruit radish treasure, have the title of " fruit radish king ".In Beijing Agriculture fair in 1999, Weihe River county radish is regarded as best brand of product by the Ministry of Agriculture, but after obtaining the protection of national geography famous special product from 2006, drastically increases Weihe River county radish brand recognition, accelerates the radish industrialized development of Weihe River county.
But some place is planted from numerous certainly by peasant, random pesticide grown chemical fertilizer always, require when the production of hybrid seeds and seed collecting that strictly not arriving Zhi Wei county radish seed mixes, degenerates seriously, peasant planting mode is extensive in addition, and random pesticide grown chemical fertilizer causes the radish quality decline of Weihe River county.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish, promote that radish industry develops in a healthy way, be agricultural, rural economic development service better, accelerate organic radish industrialized development.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: the cross-breeding method providing a kind of organic radish, comprise Parent propagation steps and production of hybrid seeds step, described Parent propagation steps adopts strain method of reserving seed for planting to breed, and described production of hybrid seeds step adopts male sterile line preparation half-blood.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described Parent propagation steps comprises nursery bed management, sowing, seedling management and kind strain results.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described nursery bed management comprises:
Nursery is selected: select fertile, loose, the irrigation and drainage of soil property easily field do nursery, seedling area is 1/3 of production of hybrid seeds area;
Nursery arranges: open furrow by the width of bag ditch 2.0m whole, and Parent nursery is at a distance of at least 2m.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described sowing comprises:
Seeding method: drilling;
Sowing program: do seed furrow by 17-20cm line-spacing, ditch depth 2cm, uses sufficient end water, is evenly sown into by seed in seed furrow, then lid layer hack or the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed thinly.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described seedling management comprises:
Water: execute water after emerging once, executed water once every 3-5 days afterwards;
Desinsection: the air-dry rear spray insecticide of moisture that first time executes water, sprayed medicine once every 7-10 days afterwards;
Fertilising: imposed a Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium every 15-20 days after lobus cardiacus grows, each 15-20kg/ mu.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described kind strain harvesting method is: cut integral shroud, retain the petiole of long 1-3cm, put into wide 1 meter, dark 1 meter storage canal, follow during storage and put the principle that one deck radish puts one deck soil, the thickness putting the strain of radish kind is below 60cm.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described production of hybrid seeds step comprises seed farm management and field planting, field management and seed harvest.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described seed farm management comprises with field planting:
Seed farm is selected: select the plot that drainage condition is good, irrigating facility is complete;
Seed farm arranges: mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, carbon ammonium 40kg makes base manure, and Parent area ratio is pressed 1:4 and arranged;
Field planting: male parent is colonizated in male parent furrow, spacing in the rows 20cm; Female parent is colonizated in maternal furrow, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, after field planting, in 5 days, waters normal root water.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described field management comprises:
Field management before blooming: extract the petiole come off in time, to earth up to kind of a strain in conjunction with loosening the soil, and imposes 1 urea, every mu of 15-20kg, carries out 1-2 screening before flowering, eliminate the individual plant not meeting this breediness to the whole group of reserving seed for planting;
Florescence field management: Post flowering, sprayed an agricultural chemicals, and waters in time every 7-10 days;
The field management of Xie Huahou: Xie Huahou sprayed an agricultural chemicals every 7-10 days, as Continuous Drought, then poured water 2-3 time.
Preferably, in above-mentioned organic radish cross-breeding method, described seed harvest time spends rear 35-40 days for thanking, and gathers at fine day;
Threshing in 7-10 days is stacked in air-dry 2-3 days after harvesting again in drought area;
Area of heavy rainfull extracts fruit branch when gathering in, and is positioned in kind of strain stubble stake, gives free rein to drying, threshing after dry.
The cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish provided by the invention, comprises Parent propagation steps and production of hybrid seeds step, and described Parent propagation steps adopts strain method of reserving seed for planting to breed, and described production of hybrid seeds step adopts male sterile line preparation half-blood.Described Parent propagation steps comprises nursery bed management, sowing, seedling management and kind strain results.Described production of hybrid seeds step comprises seed farm management and field planting, field management and seed harvest.
Adopt the cross-breeding method of this organic radish, facilitate radish industry and develop in a healthy way, be agricultural, rural economic development service better, accelerate organic radish industrialized development.
Embodiment
Here will be described exemplary embodiment in detail.Embodiment described in following exemplary embodiment does not represent all embodiments consistent with the present invention.On the contrary, they only with as in appended claims describe in detail, example that aspects more of the present invention are consistent.
The embodiment of the present invention provides the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish, comprises Parent propagation steps and production of hybrid seeds step, and described Parent propagation steps adopts strain method of reserving seed for planting to breed, and described production of hybrid seeds step adopts male sterile line preparation half-blood.
Heterosis In Radish is extremely obvious, and half-blood is applied more in production.Radish hybrid seeding approach divides self incompatible line and utilizes male sterile line two kinds.Self incompatible line need breed parent by bud pollination, and because every pod is set seeds few, usually only have 3-10 grain seed, reproduction coefficient is low, and breeding cost is high.Therefore, the present embodiment utilizes male sterile line to prepare half-blood.
Radish male sterility belongs to nucleo_cytoplasmic interaction, when utilizing this type of male sterile line production of hybrid seeds, must have male sterile line (female parent of the first generation of hybrid), maintainer (male parent of breeding male sterile lines) and male parent system (male parent of the first generation of hybrid) three series mating.Above three is that every Dai Junxu adopts strain to reserve seed for planting method breeding original seed, and cultivation management level wants high, gather fleshy root time need strict selection, to ensure the typicalness of original seed.The breeding garden of isolation is preferably set up in three breedings being respectively, namely establish a garden breeding male sterile lines (plant male sterile line and maintainer in garden, plantation row than be 3: 1), separately establish two gardens to breed maintainer and male parent system respectively, strictly prevent biology hybrid, isolation distance is set to more than 2000 meters.
In the cross-breeding method of the organic radish of the present embodiment, described Parent propagation steps comprises nursery bed management, sowing, seedling management and kind strain results.
Described nursery bed management comprises:
(1) nursery is selected: should select that soil property is fertile, loose, irrigation and drainage easily field do nursery.
(2) nursery arranges: prepare nursery lot by 1/3 of production of hybrid seeds area before sowing, intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed, and uses sufficient base manure, and open furrow by the width of bag ditch 2.0m whole, Parent nursery, at a distance of more than 2m, to avoid mechanical admixture.
Described sowing step comprises:
(1) sowing time: Central China's sowing time be late August to early September, the present embodiment be selected in Shandong District sowing, the sowing time is late August;
(2) seeding method: drilling;
(3) program is sowed: make seed furrow by 17-20cm line-spacing, ditch depth 2cm, in seed furrow, use sufficient end water, be evenly sown into by seed, then lid layer hack or the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed thinly.
Described seedling management comprises:
(1) to check after emerging that seed plantlet root system buries situation in time, hack to be added a cover in time to the seed plantlet that root system exposes, and execute water once with watering can, end tide is connected to make seed plantlet root system, insecticide should be sprayed in time after moisture is air-dry, in case flea beetle, diamond-back moth aphid are caused harm, once every 7-10 days spray medicines later.
(2) when continuous sunny, executed water once every 3-5 days, after lobus cardiacus grows, imposed a Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium every 15-20 days, each 15-20kg/ mu.
Described kind strain results are:
Before and after the Beginning of Winter, results kind of strain during weather cooling, carries out storage for the winter.Leaf, the leaf color anomaly individuality in nursery is first removed before results, again all kinds of strains are pulled up, removing root shape, color of the leather do not meet the individuality of this varietal characteristic, and cut integral shroud, retain the petiole of long 1-3cm, put into wide 1 meter, dark 1 meter storage canal, often put one deck radish during storage and just put one deck soil, the thickness putting the strain of radish kind is no more than 60 centimetres.
In the cross-breeding method of the organic radish of the present embodiment, described production of hybrid seeds step comprises seed farm management and field planting, field management and seed harvest.
Described seed farm management comprises with field planting:
(1) arrangement of seed farm: radish is insect pollination crop, require the isolation strip of more than 2000m, the present embodiment has reached agreement when arranging the production of hybrid seeds with apart from the agriculture unit within seed farm 2000m and wide farmers, ensures within the scope of this, do not arrange similar crop to reserve seed for planting;
(2) selection of seed farm: seed farm selects the plot that drainage condition is good, irrigating facility is complete, and intensive cultivation is carefully harrowed;
(3) arrangement of seed farm: mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, carbon ammonium 40kg makes base manure; Parent area ratio is pressed 1:4 and is arranged, i.e. male parent furrow bag ditch 1m × 1 furrow, maternal furrow bag ditch 2m × 1 furrow, then male parent furrow 1m × 1 furrow, maternal furrow 2m × 1 furrow, and so forth;
(4) field planting: Central China generally March early and middle ten days carry out, the present invention is that strength is selected in Shandong and carries out field planting, and resident time is selected in and carries out mid-March, normal anosis kind of strain is selected before field planting, field planting after soaking with insecticide, is colonizated in male parent furrow, spacing in the rows 20cm by male parent; Female parent is colonizated in maternal furrow, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, after field planting, in 5 days, waters normal root water.
Described field management comprises:
(1) if when the florescence that male parent system and female parent are differs comparatively large (more than 10 days), first can transplant flower system late, rear cultivation early blossoming system, meets with florescence alternation.Sometimes also can make Parent florescence slightly difference because of the change of environmental condition, the parent too early to bolting can carry out heavy pinching if desired, namely pluck the main flower of plant, promote that bottom side shoot is sprouted, late blooming.Heavy pinching generally can not affect seed production.
(2) field management before blooming: plant after strain survives and grow young leaves, the petiole meeting Automatic-falling stayed during transplanting, extract in time, in order to avoid cause kind of strain to rot.In conjunction with loosening the soil kind of a strain earthed up, in case fleshy root exposes generation freeze injury.Medicine control is sprayed in time when finding damage by disease and insect.And timely intertill and clean tillage, and impose 1 urea, every mu of 15-20kg, to promote kind of a strain growth, improve cold tolerance.Before flowering 1-2 screening is carried out to the whole group of reserving seed for planting, eliminate the individual plant not meeting this breediness.
(3) florescence field and isolated area impurity elimination: bolting SPRING WHEAT BEFORE AND AFTER FLOWERING will send the pollen situation occurred of special messenger to field male sterile line to check, find that there is powder strain to pull out in time, send special messenger to endure strict scrutiny to the Rhaphanus flowering plant in isolated area every day simultaneously, find similar crop bolting, pull out in time.
(4) florescence field management: Post flowering, temperature raises gradually, and diamond-back moth and aphid breeding are accelerated, and spray an agricultural chemicals every 7-10 days, carry out simultaneously and draw hoe soil moisture conservation, if run into long-time spring drought, then pour water in time.
(5) Post flowering Parent gives free rein to pollination, or manually puts honeybee supplementary pollination in a suitable place to breed, at the end of about 75% effective inflorescence blooms pollination, withdraws honeybee, pulls out male parent, in case Parent inflorescence intersects, causes and mix during results.
(6) can artificial supplementary pollination, method be by 21 meter long, bamboo pole gauze that forefinger is thick wraps up, and water spray is moist, general the morning 10 time to afternoon 3 time, support at field both hands, swing spray, drive pollen, pollen sticky on gauze can also be utilized to improve pollination rate.
(7) Spraying in the flowering stage boron fertilizer can improve ripening rate, at production of hybrid seeds full-bloom stage, sprays 0.25% boron fertilizer once every 7 days; Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is favourable to raising thousand grain weigth, and spray at Flowers ending, every 7 days once, concentration is 3 gs/kg.
(8) field management of Xie Huahou: radish sprayed an agricultural chemicals every 7-10 days after thanking and spending in case stalk break and aphid, diamond-back moth, if run into Continuous Drought, then pour water 2-3 time.
Described seed harvest comprises:
Radish is thanked and spends rear 35-40 days, and seed is mature on the whole, and can gather in time at fine day;
Threshing in 7-10 days can be stacked in air-dry 2-3 days after harvesting again in the area of drought;
Rainy area can not be stacked, and will extract fruit branch, being positioned in kind of strain stubble stake, giving free rein to drying when gathering in, and chance rain is not mouldy like this, and meeting fine day can dry, and after kind of pod drying, timely threshing, can ensure that percentage of seedgermination and seed color do not affect by the rainy day.
Above-described embodiment of the present invention, does not form limiting the scope of the present invention.Any amendment done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, equivalent replacement and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a cross-breeding method for organic radish, is characterized in that, comprises Parent propagation steps and production of hybrid seeds step, and described Parent propagation steps adopts strain method of reserving seed for planting to breed, and described production of hybrid seeds step adopts male sterile line preparation half-blood.
2. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Parent propagation steps comprises nursery bed management, sowing, seedling management and kind strain results.
3. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described nursery bed management comprises:
Nursery is selected: select fertile, loose, the irrigation and drainage of soil property easily field do nursery, seedling area is 1/3 of production of hybrid seeds area;
Nursery arranges: open furrow by the width of bag ditch 2.0m whole, and Parent nursery is at a distance of at least 2m.
4. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described sowing comprises:
Seeding method: drilling;
Sowing program: do seed furrow by 17-20cm line-spacing, ditch depth 2cm, uses sufficient end water, is evenly sown into by seed in seed furrow, then lid layer hack or the farmyard manure that becomes thoroughly decomposed thinly.
5. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described seedling management comprises:
Water: execute water after emerging once, executed water once every 3-5 days afterwards;
Desinsection: the air-dry rear spray insecticide of moisture that first time executes water, sprayed medicine once every 7-10 days afterwards;
Fertilising: imposed a Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium every 15-20 days after lobus cardiacus grows, each 15-20kg/ mu.
6. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described kind strain harvesting method is: cut integral shroud, retain the petiole of long 1-3cm, put into wide 1 meter, dark 1 meter storage canal, follow during storage and put the principle that one deck radish puts one deck soil, the thickness putting the strain of radish kind is below 60cm.
7. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described production of hybrid seeds step comprises seed farm management and field planting, field management and seed harvest.
8. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described seed farm management comprises with field planting:
Seed farm is selected: select the plot that drainage condition is good, irrigating facility is complete;
Seed farm arranges: mu executes farmyard manure 5000kg, composite fertilizer 25kg, carbon ammonium 40kg makes base manure, and Parent area ratio is pressed 1:4 and arranged;
Field planting: male parent is colonizated in male parent furrow, spacing in the rows 20cm; Female parent is colonizated in maternal furrow, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, after field planting, in 5 days, waters normal root water.
9. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described field management comprises:
Field management before blooming: extract the petiole come off in time, to earth up to kind of a strain in conjunction with loosening the soil, and imposes 1 urea, every mu of 15-20kg, carries out 1-2 screening before flowering, eliminate the individual plant not meeting this breediness to the whole group of reserving seed for planting;
Florescence field management: Post flowering, sprayed an agricultural chemicals, and waters in time every 7-10 days;
The field management of Xie Huahou: Xie Huahou sprayed an agricultural chemicals every 7-10 days, as Continuous Drought, then poured water 2-3 time.
10. the cross-breeding method of a kind of organic radish according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described seed harvest time spends rear 35-40 days for thanking, and gathers at fine day;
Threshing in 7-10 days is stacked in air-dry 2-3 days after harvesting again in drought area;
Area of heavy rainfull extracts fruit branch when gathering in, and is positioned in kind of strain stubble stake, gives free rein to drying, threshing after dry.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110583394A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 定襄县农业技术推广中心 | Method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110583394A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-20 | 定襄县农业技术推广中心 | Method for hybrid seed production of coordinated flowering phase and field full-seedling protection of millet |
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