CN103814751A - Cultivation method for improving maturing rate and yield of liquorice seeds - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving maturing rate and yield of liquorice seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103814751A CN103814751A CN201410104477.4A CN201410104477A CN103814751A CN 103814751 A CN103814751 A CN 103814751A CN 201410104477 A CN201410104477 A CN 201410104477A CN 103814751 A CN103814751 A CN 103814751A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a cultivation method of liquorice, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the maturing rate and the yield of liquorice seeds. The method includes the following steps that main roots of the liquorice are selected; sandy soil is selected; farmyard manure is applied to be ploughed deeply and raked to be fine and flat; processing of improving the root stock survival rate is performed on the main roots; the main roots are reasonably and densely planted in spring or winter; watering is performed at least four times each year, and watering is performed in the range of 60-100 cubic meters each time per mu; fertilizer applying is performed two times each year; solutions for restraining the vegetative growth of the liquorice and promoting the reproductive growth are sprayed in the first ten days of June each year; the tops of liquorice plants are cut off in the late ten days of July each year; broad-spectrum pesticides are sprayed in the middle ten days of May and the middle ten days of July to prevent insect damage; the liquorice seeds are harvested in the middle ten days of August each year from the second year since planting. With the method, pest and disease damage such as liquorice pulse beetles can be effectively avoided, harvesting is reasonable, premature harvesting is prevented, and the quality of the liquorice seeds is improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to planting culture technique field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of Radix Glycyrrhizae, relate more specifically to a kind of cultivation method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output.
Background technology
Radix Glycyrrhizae is dry root and the rhizome of glycyrrhizic legume (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), glycyrrhiza inflate bat (Glycyrrhiza inflate Bat.) or glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhiza glabra l.), is the conventional bulk medicinal materials of China.There are the effects such as the benifit gas of benefit, clearing heat and detoxicating, expelling phlegm and arresting coughing, relieving spasm to stop pain, coordinating the drug actions of a prescription.Cure mainly the diseases such as weakness of the spleen and the stomach, the deficiency of qi in middle-jiao, cough and asthma, skin sore.Radix Glycyrrhizae strong adaptability, is distributed widely in the arids and semiarid desert belt such as Xinjiang of China, the Inner Mongol, Gansu, Ningxia, Jilin.Radix Glycyrrhizae Pittosporum is in unlimitedness inflorescence, and flower order is open, and the cycle is long.From the bottom up, ripe successively, the cycle reaches 2～2.5 months to seed.Traditionally, cultivation Radix Glycyrrhizae needs just can bloom for 4～5 years, and ripening rate is low, insect pest is many, yields poorly, therefore Glycyrrhiza Seeds main source is wild resource at present, but provenance mixes, quality is uneven, cultivates Radix Glycyrrhizae new varieties and improve Radix Glycyrrhizae to produce seeds the key that rate is Radix Glycyrrhizae industrialization.Along with the increasing of the deep of Radix Glycyrrhizae medical research and exploitation dynamics, Radix Glycyrrhizae demand is also strengthening year by year, and market prospects are more and more wide.
Current domestic Glycyrrhiza Seeds is mainly derived from wild resource, rarely seen artificial seed.Regrettably, wild licorice suffers extinctive excavating at present, and resource falls sharply, sporadicly distributes, per mu yield very low (4kg/ mu), and seed collecting cost is high, and damage by disease and insect is many, and germplasm mixes, seed quality is poor.In addition, there is biennial bearing in Glycyrrhiza Seeds output, and seed price fluctuation is large.These all seriously restrict the development of Radix Glycyrrhizae industry.
But the pertinent literature that there is no the Radix Glycyrrhizae production of hybrid seeds in prior art is reported, the major technique reference that prior art exists is how to improve for example cultivation method of soybean, melon and fruit and so on output.
CN102246647A discloses the breeding cultivation method of a kind of type dish use soybean of sowing in spring, specifically comprises the steps: 1. to grow seedlings: adopt electric seed bed heater to grow seedlings, seedling age is controlled at 10-15 days, when tool 2-3 sheet true leaf, is colonizated in booth; 2. field planting: adopt the high bedding cultivation mode of plastic mulching field planting seedling; 3. temperature control: Seeding planting is airtight booth 7-10 days after booth, promotes the slow seedling of plant; Then, controlling greenhouse temperature daytime is 25-30 ℃, and be 15-20 ℃ night; 4. field rich water quality management: at once spray by furrow face after slow seedling or furrow irrigation mode is carried out moisturizing, and every 7-10 days sprays foliage fertilizer one time; 5. bloom pod bearing period: plant enters the Sheng phase of blooming, should impose in time high phosphorus foliage fertilizer, supplement moisture content simultaneously, keep ground moistening; 6. gather: after plant blossom bears pods, fresh pod starts to gather from green to yellow.
CN102301881A discloses a kind of production of hybrid seeds cultivation method of leading a cow, and comprises the following steps: step 1, the seed of leading a cow is sowed according to a conventional method, be bred as seedling; Step 2, in the time that seedling grows to 3-4 sheet true leaf, transplant to seed farm by the seeding row spacing of (40 ± 10) X (60 ± 10) cm; Step 3, in seed farm, build one group of " people " font support spaced apart in the row direction, two bottoms of described each support lay respectively between two adjacent row plant, on described support, lay net, form the rack extending in the row direction; Step 4, in the time that seedling grows to 28-32cm, the top of plant is threaded in the grid of rack, and in the plant strain growth phase, keep being led, climing the connecting in the grid of rack of stem of branch, the climing equal Uniform of stem is distributed on rack, until produce seeds; After step 5, seed maturity, cut off the root of plant, networking airing, collects seed after plant to be planted is dry.
CN101810090A discloses a kind of producing method for seed of chocho, comprise: first selecting melon is that the old melon of 35 days is cooked kind of a melon age, melon weighs more than 800 grams, melon skin is thin and smooth, wax is many, eye depression, texture is obvious, do not sprout, there is no wound, then live with kind of melon, be exactly in the time of the Spring Equinox, dig with a hoe lower dark 110 centimetres, the cultivation hole of wide 160 centimetres, on cultivation hole, execute 180 kilograms of refuse soils and 1 kilogram of chemical fertilizer, on refuse soil on cultivation hole, dig pitting again, kind of a melon is disposed across on pitting, then at the new soil of pitting upper cover last layer 25 cm thicks, and firmly compress, under the condition of 18 ℃ of temperature, kind melon is planted latter 21 days young shoots and is just broken through the soil, at this moment more than one of young shoot, can retain 3, remaining is removed, then planting melon can be used for transplanting.
Above-mentioned prior art does not all relate to artificial seed's cultivation method of Radix Glycyrrhizae, does not provide corresponding technology enlightenment or instruction yet.
Therefore, need a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds Quality and yield by mechanization, intensive artificial seed.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, inventor, through further investigation, fully, in conjunction with the growth characteristic of Radix Glycyrrhizae, provides a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds Quality and yield by mechanization, intensive artificial seed.
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) select life in 3 years and above Radix Glycyrrhizae main root thereof, under reed, 2cm place diameter is more than 2cm;
(2) select sand;
(3) every mu of described sand is executed to farmyard manure 2～3t(ton), plough deeply, harrow carefully and rake;
(4) press line-spacing 30～80cm in spring or winter, spacing in the rows 20～60cm kind is planted described main root;
(5) water every year at least 4 times, each every mu is watered 60～100 cubic metres;
(6) annual fertilising at least twice, executes phosphate fertilizer 10～30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu for the first time, executes for the second time phosphate fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu;
(7) annual late July is wiped out Radix Glycyrrhizae plant top;
(8) annual mid-May, mid-July spray broad-spectrum pesticide and prevent insect pest;
(9) from the Second Year of plantation, the Glycyrrhiza Seeds of gathering annual mid-August.
Wherein:
In step (1), the selection of described main root is conducive to promote that Radix Glycyrrhizae Blooming is solid.
In step (2), sand is conducive to control easily growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis environment.
In step (3), because the growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis time is longer, need to use sufficient base fertilizer.Execute farmyard manure 3t for preferred every mu.
Also can comprise before in step (4) step that described main root is improved to the processing of rhizome survival rate as optimal way, the processing mode that described main root is improved to rhizome survival rate can be main root is soaked in to 5～50min in solution A, and described solution A comprises root-inducing powder.Described A solution can also be conducive to improve the material of rhizome survival rate or comprise the material that other are conducive to improve rhizome survival rate for other.
As optimal way, the soak time of described main root in solution A is preferably 10min.In solution A, the concentration of root-inducing powder is not particularly limited, and can prepare according to normal concentration.The use of root-inducing powder, can be conducive to improve rhizome survival rate.
In step (4), by described rational close planting, can guarantee output.
In step (5), in the period of watering by strict control, be conducive to improve seed production, shorten seed maturity, improve seed quality.Can water in the annual the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June, late July, mid-November respectively as optimal way; Each every mu of preferred water yield of watering is 60 cubic metres.
In step (6), by choose reasonable fertilization type and fertilizing amount, seed production and quality are advantageously improved.In this step, the first tenday period of a month in May companions waters and executes that superphosphate is preferably 22kg/ mu, potassium chloride is preferably 10kg/ mu, and companion watered and executed that superphosphate is preferably 10kg/ mu, potassium chloride is preferably 15kg/ mu mid-June.
Preferably, also can comprise Radix Glycyrrhizae plant is suppressed to nourish and grow before in step (7), promote the step of the processing of reproductive growth, by the use of paclobutrazol, advantageously suppress Radix Glycyrrhizae and nourished and grown, promote reproductive growth, improve ripening rate.Also can use the other medicines with paclobutrazol with similar functions.
In step (7), by Radix Glycyrrhizae plant top is wiped out, can suppress equally Radix Glycyrrhizae and nourish and grow, promote reproductive growth, improve ripening rate.
In step (8), by using broad-spectrum pesticide, can prevent insect pest, thereby improve seed quality and output.Described agricultural chemicals can be the broad-spectrum pesticide such as efficient cyfluthrin chrysanthemum fat.
In step (9), be chosen in the Glycyrrhiza Seeds of gathering mid-August, can improve seed quality, reduce black mole.
Said method of the present invention is suitable for known any licorice planting district at present, and these areas have similar growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis weather and soil types.Be particularly suitable for that the ground, particularly Arid Area in Central Ningxia such as China Inner Mongol, Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Western Region of Gansu Province, Inner Mongol gouy are gram clear, Alxa flag, Hangjin Banner, Etuoke Banner.
By above-mentioned artificial seed's method of the present invention, can effectively prevent the damage by disease and insect such as Radix Glycyrrhizae bean weevil, rationally gather to prevent from rushing a harvest of ripening crops gathering and improved Glycyrrhiza Seeds quality.The collaborative use of rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, the technology such as pinch has reduced the impact of seed size year and has improved Glycyrrhiza Seeds output.At present, in the present invention, by using rational close planting, the rational application of fertilizer, rationally water, rationally pinch, proper application implemented as an organic whole, concrete time and the consumption of carefully selecting operations, can shorten seed maturity, pericarp brown-green, completely filled fruit homogeneous, black mole is less, and seed quality is better than wild, and per mu yield can reach 51kg/ mu simultaneously, far above wild state, and stable yield, can adopt mechanized cultivation completely and gather, and increases the benefit.
Specific embodiments
Below in conjunction with following examples and comparative example, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited to this.
Comparative example 1
Select sandy loam, every mu of basal dressing 3t, rake is carefully raked, annual sowing in the first tenday period of a month in May, by line-spacing 30cm drilling, seeding quantity is 3 kgs/acre, every year mid-May, late June, early August, water mid-November, 80m waters at every turn
3, the damage by disease and insect aggravation such as Radix Glycyrrhizae generally grows 3 years time and starts sporadicly to yield positive results, and grows 4 years time and yields positive results, the Ningxia kermes a red-spotted lizard of growing 5 years time, Radix Glycyrrhizae root starts death.Through three repeated test average yield per mu seed 14kg, the per mu yield seed production standard deviation of three tests is 0.25kg.
Embodiment 1
Select sandy loam, every mu of basal dressing 3t, rake is carefully raked, select under 3 years raw reeds 2cm place diameter at the above Radix Glycyrrhizae main root of 2cm, being soaked in 10min(solution A in solution A is root-inducing powder), press line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 30cm mid-April and transplant, the annual the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June, late July, water mid-November, each every mu is watered 60 cubic metres; Accompany to water and execute superphosphate 22kg/ mu, potassium chloride 10kg/ mu the annual the first tenday period of a month in May, and companion watered and executed superphosphate 10kg/ mu, potassium chloride 15kg/ mu mid-June; Early June the solution B (solution B is formulated by paclobutrazol) that sandblasts; Annual late July is wiped out Radix Glycyrrhizae plant top; Wherein annual mid-May, mid-July beat the broad-spectrum pesticides such as efficient cyfluthrin chrysanthemum fat and prevent insect pest; The Glycyrrhiza Seeds of gathering mid-August.Through three repeated tests, reappearance is high, average yield per mu seed 51kg, and the per mu yield seed production standard deviation of three tests is 1.05kg.
Comparative example 1 is common plantation Radix Glycyrrhizae mode, and after implantation time extends, damage by disease and insect is many, of poor quality, produces seeds few.Embodiment 1 is implantation methods of the present invention, selects raw Radix Glycyrrhizae main root plantation in 3 years, and the Second Year seed of can gathering prevents by rational close planting and accurate damage by disease and insect, minimizing damage by disease and insect endangers, and seed is full, and quality is good.Accurately watering time impels seed unified ripe with pinching.Accurately potassium application and phosphate fertilizer, improve fertile availability, and seed quality improves.Improve 264% by the more common licorice planting mode of above measure seed production, and stable yield.
This written description use-case discloses the present invention, comprises optimal mode, and also makes those skilled in the art can manufacture and use the present invention.Scope that can granted patent of the present invention is defined by the claims, and can comprise other example that those skilled in the art expect.If this other example has the structural element of the literal language that does not differ from claims, if or this other example comprises and the literal language of claims equivalent structure element without substantial differences, within this other example is intended to the scope in claims.Can not cause under inconsistent degree, by reference to all references part of reference is herein incorporated herein.
Claims (9)
1. a cultivation method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) select life in 3 years and above Radix Glycyrrhizae main root thereof, specifically specification be under reed 2cm place diameter more than 2cm;
(2) select sand;
(3) every mu of described sand is executed to 2～3 tons of farmyard manures;
(4) press line-spacing 30～80cm in spring or winter, spacing in the rows 20～60cm kind is planted described main root;
(5) water every year at least 4 times, each every mu is watered 60～100 cubic metres;
(6) annual fertilising at least twice, executes phosphate fertilizer 10～30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu for the first time, executes for the second time phosphate fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu;
(7) annual late July is wiped out Radix Glycyrrhizae plant top;
(8) annual mid-May, mid-July spray broad-spectrum pesticide and prevent insect pest;
(9) from Second Year planting, the Glycyrrhiza Seeds of gathering annual mid-August.
2. the cultivation method of raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate according to claim 1 and output, also comprise before in step (4) step that described main root is improved to the processing of rhizome survival rate, the described processing mode that described main root is improved to rhizome survival rate comprises: main root is soaked in to 5～50min in solution A, and described solution A comprises root-inducing powder.
3. the cultivation method of raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate according to claim 2 and output, wherein the soak time of main root in solution A is 10min.
4. according to the arbitrary raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate described in claim 1-3 and the cultivation method of output, wherein in step (7) before, also comprise Radix Glycyrrhizae plant is suppressed to nourish and grow, promote the processing of reproductive growth; Radix Glycyrrhizae plant is suppressed to nourish and grow, promote the processing mode of reproductive growth to comprise: annual early June is spilt solution B to Radix Glycyrrhizae plant, and described solution B comprises paclobutrazol.
5. improve according to claim 4 the cultivation method of Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output, wherein: in step (5), water in the first tenday period of a month in May, mid-June, late July, mid-November respectively every year.
6. improve according to claim 5 the cultivation method of Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output, wherein in step (6), fertilization time is for following step (5) to execute phosphate fertilizer 10～30kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu in the time that May, watered the first tenday period of a month for the first time, and fertilization time is for following step (5) to execute phosphate fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu, potash fertilizer 5～20kg/ mu in the time watering mid-June for the second time.
7. the cultivation method of raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate according to claim 6 and output, wherein: in step (5), each every mu of water yield of watering is 60 cubic metres.
8. the cultivation method of raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate according to claim 7 and output, wherein, in step (8), broad-spectrum pesticide is efficient cyfluthrin chrysanthemum fat.
9. according to claim 1-3, the cultivation method of arbitrary raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds ripening rate and output in 5-8, wherein, in step (1), described Radix Glycyrrhizae main root is Radix Glycyrrhizae main root, glycyrrhiza glabra main root or glycyrrhiza inflate bat main root, in step (2), executes 3 tons of farmyard manures for every mu.
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| CN103988690A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds |
| CN104025852A (en) * | 2014-06-06 | 2014-09-10 | 马淼 | Liquorice cultivation method suitable for saline-alkali soil |
| CN105557285A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-05-11 | 甘肃巨龙供销（集团）股份有限公司 | Accelerated breeding method for licorice seeds |
| CN106717950A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving Radix Codonopsis seed-setting rate and yield |
| CN110122232A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-16 | 紫云自治县长萌农业科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method improving subprostrate sophora seed fruit-setting rate and yield |
| CN111602562A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-01 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所 | Pruning method of fructus amomi |
| CN114128470A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content |
| CN115868338A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-31 | 东北农业大学 | Method for improving yield and crude protein content of grassland of Chinese wildrye |
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| CN103988690A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds |
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| CN106717950A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-31 | 庆阳敦博科技发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method for improving Radix Codonopsis seed-setting rate and yield |
| CN110122232A (en) * | 2018-02-09 | 2019-08-16 | 紫云自治县长萌农业科技开发有限责任公司 | A kind of cultural method improving subprostrate sophora seed fruit-setting rate and yield |
| CN111602562A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-01 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所云南分所 | Pruning method of fructus amomi |
| CN114128470A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content |
| CN115868338A (en) * | 2022-11-21 | 2023-03-31 | 东北农业大学 | Method for improving yield and crude protein content of grassland of Chinese wildrye |
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Inventor after: Zhao Runhuai Inventor after: Wang Jiyong Inventor after: Deng Tingwei Inventor after: Cao Hailu Inventor after: Jiao Liankui Inventor after: Zeng Yan Inventor after: Tian Zhuang Inventor before: Zhao Runhuai Inventor before: Wang Jiyong Inventor before: Deng Tingwei Inventor before: Cao Hailu Inventor before: Jiao Liankui Inventor before: Cao Yan Inventor before: Tian Zhuang |
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Free format text: CORRECT: INVENTOR; FROM: ZHAO RUNHUAI WANG JIYONG DENG TINGWEI CAO HAILU JIAO LIANKUI CAO YAN TIAN ZHUANG TO: ZHAO RUNHUAI WANG JIYONG DENG TINGWEI CAO HAILU JIAO LIANKUI CENG YAN TIAN ZHUANG |
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