CN114128470A - Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content - Google Patents
Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/007—Determining fertilization requirements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content, belonging to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the fertilizing method comprises the following steps: (1) before planting liquorice, applying base fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing and soil preparation; (2) in the middle ten days of 5 months to 6 months of 2 and 3 years of planting of the liquorice, when the height of seedlings is 10-15cm, the underground horizontal stems of the liquorice are cut by a machine in the middle of two rows, the cutting depth is 15-25cm, and topdressing is performed in ditches; and 7 to 8 months, spraying the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent containing a proper amount of NaCl, high brassinolide and trace elements on the foliar for 3 times. The harvest requirement of high-quality licorice medicinal materials with high glycyrrhizic acid content can be met after the cultivation for 3 years. The fertilizing method combines mechanical tendril-cutting and furrow top dressing and foliage spraying with self-developed high-efficiency compound foliage spraying agent, can effectively regulate and control the physiological metabolism of liquorice plants, enables the glycyrrhizic acid content of the medicinal material to reach more than 2.5 percent, and achieves the purpose of high quality and high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, relates to a fertilization technology in a medicinal plant cultivation process, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content.
Background
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch belonging to genus Glycyrrhiza of family Leguminosae, has effects of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, clearing away heat and toxic materials, eliminating phlegm and relieving cough, relieving spasm and pain, and harmonizing the effects of other drugs, and is a large variety of medicinal and edible Chinese medicinal materials. Glycyrrhizic acid is the most important active component in liquorice, has various pharmacological activities of anti-inflammation, anti-ulcer, antivirus, immunoregulation and the like, and is clinically applied to the prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis, bronchitis, AIDS and various cancers. Glycyrrhizic acid is also a sweetener with high sweetness and low calorific value, and can be added into food, beverage and candy, to overcome the defects of fermentation and rancidity caused by multi-purpose sugar, and has the functions of sterilizing, cleaning teeth, diminishing inflammation, moistening throat, etc. The glycyrrhizic acid molecule contains hydrophilic group and lipophilic group, can reduce the surface tension of aqueous solution, has strong foaming power, and has the effects of emulsifying, dispersing, moisturizing and moistening hair, softening skin, resisting wrinkle, resisting sebum, preventing and treating pigmentation, diminishing inflammation, relieving itching, washing and removing dirt when being applied to the cosmetic industry.
Along with the increase of market demand and the destruction of ecological environment, the wild liquorice resources are deficient, and the cultivation of liquorice gradually becomes an important way for solving the glycyrrhizic acid demand. The problem that the glycyrrhizic acid content in artificially cultivated liquorice is low and even can not reach the limit standard (2.0%) of the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2020 edition) is prominent, and the sustainable and healthy development of the glycyrrhizic acid industry is limited, so that the cultivation method for improving the glycyrrhizic acid content of high-quality liquorice is particularly important.
General standard technical references in the field DB 15/T1890-2020 Licorice root cultivation technical Specification, DB22/T1072-2018 Green food Licorice root production technical Specification, DB 62/T1122-2012 Licorice root cultivation technical Specification in Desxi City, DB 62/T1962-2018 Licorice root production technical Specification in Hexi region of Green food, DB 64/T513-2007 Wulaer Licorice root cultivation technical Specification, DB 65/T3921-2016 Licorice root production technical Specification, all have no guidance for specific fertilization methods for increasing glycyrrhizic acid content.
Related patents related to licorice cultivation and fertilization, such as CN108496707A, use a base fertilizer rich in nutrients of different trace elements and an additional fertilizer to cultivate licorice medicinal materials, so that the planted licorice product is rich in various trace elements; CN101412643B relates to the application of a long-acting compound fertilizer in liquorice planting, and has high nutrient utilization rate and good effect; CN109418119A discloses a fertilizing and pesticide application technology for liquorice mycorrhizal cultivation and application thereof, which reduces the usage amount of pesticides and fertilizers in the liquorice cultivation process. So far, reports of improving the glycyrrhizic acid content in medicinal materials through the improvement and optimization of a fertilizing method in the liquorice cultivation process are not seen.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the blank and the demand in the field, the invention provides the liquorice fertilizing method for improving the glycyrrhizic acid content, and the method can effectively improve the glycyrrhizic acid content in the harvested medicinal materials under the condition of ensuring the liquorice yield and meet the market demand of glycyrrhizic acid.
A fertilizing method for increasing the glycyrrhizic acid content comprises the following steps:
step one, base fertilizer application: selecting land blocks suitable for growth of liquorice, and deeply turning the land 30-45cm before planting. Applying base fertilizer in a land preparation manner, wherein the base fertilizer adopts 1500-3000 kg/mu of fully decomposed animal manure and 15-25 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer; the water content of the manure is 20-30%, and the manure is prepared from sheep manure, cow manure or camel manure as raw materials.
The length of the strip grass (dried rhizome of liquorice) is required to be more than 25cm according to the commercial specification grade of the cultivated liquorice medicinal material. Deeply turning 30-45cm to create a microenvironment beneficial to the growth of the root system, and ensuring that the root system has enough nutrient growth space for growth. Good soil structure can be kept by selecting fully decomposed animal manure as base fertilizer, and the diammonium phosphate fertilizer can meet the basic nutritional requirement of planting the liquorice in the same year and promote the healthy growth of the root system of the liquorice.
Sowing in the second step: the liquorice seeds germinate slowly in the environment of lower than 10 ℃, and the emergence time is long and irregular. Sowing can be carried out when the average ground temperature of 5cm deep soil in spring reaches more than 10 ℃ for 5 consecutive days. Mechanically drilling in the middle and last ten days of 4 months to 6 months, wherein the row spacing is 20-25 cm, the sowing depth is 2-2.5 cm, the sowing amount per mu is 1.5-2.5kg, and the soil is covered and pressed after sowing.
Step three, tendril cutting and soil topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months to 6 months of the 2 nd and 3 rd years, when the height of the licorice seedlings is 10-15cm, the underground transverse stem of the licorice is cut by a machine in the middle of two rows, the cutting depth is 15-25cm, meanwhile, soil topdressing is conducted in a furrow mode, 10-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 10-20 kg/mu of urea and 15-30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer are applied. The underground part of licorice includes root and rhizome. The seeds germinate and grow for the first year, a single robust plant begins to germinate underground stems in autumn, most plants begin to grow underground stems with different quantities in the 2 nd spring, and the underground stems grow vigorously and can shunt partial nutrient substances which are transported to main roots for the growth of the underground stems, so that the growth of the main roots is influenced. In the middle ten days of 5 months to 6 months, the operation of mechanically cutting the transverse growing stems is carried out in the middle of two rows, namely 10-12 cm away from the main stems of the liquorice plants, under the condition of not damaging the main stems, the vigorous growth of the transverse growing stems of the liquorice is controlled, the nutrient flow to the main roots is promoted, and the physiological metabolism of the main roots is improved. In the 2 nd and 3 rd years, the plants enter the vigorous growth period of the cultivation period, and the nutrition demand is vigorous. Combines mechanical tendrils cutting, applies nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with proper proportion in the ditches, supplements sufficient nutrients in time, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer efficiency and meets the growth requirement of liquorice plants.
Step four, top dressing on leaf surfaces: in the second 7 th to the last 8 th ten days of the 2 nd and 3 rd years, the liquorice plants grow vigorously and are also the key period of the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid which is a secondary metabolite, and the efficient compound foliar spraying agent containing NaCl, high brassinolide and trace elements is sprayed on the foliar for 3 times. According to the series research results, the components and the application amount per mu of the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent are as follows: 20-60g of sodium chloride, 4-8g of sodium molybdate, 2-6g of chelated zinc, 2-4g of boric acid, 4-12g of chelated manganese, 2-10g of chelated calcium and 0.1% of 28-homobrassinolide, and 0.2-2.0g of the chelated calcium. Mix thoroughly with a dry powder mixer for 40min and dissolve in 40L of water. A proper amount of sodium salt forms a certain abiotic stress environment, increases the defense reaction of plants, stimulates the synthesis of secondary metabolites and is beneficial to the accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid in the liquorice roots and stems. The 0.1% 28-high brassinolide is a plant growth regulator with extremely high activity and high safety to plants and foods, can regulate and control the activities of various enzymes and hormones required by plant physiological metabolism, and enhances the stress resistance of the liquorice and the accumulation amount of glycyrrhizic acid which is a secondary metabolism component. The 28-high brassinolide with the concentration of 0.1 percent can also adjust the nutrient to be transmitted up and down in the plant body (the nutrient absorbed by the leaf surfaces is transmitted to the root parts, and the nutrient absorbed by the root parts is transmitted to the leaf surfaces), thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the plant to the nutrient. In particular, 0.1 percent of 28-high brassinolide is compounded with trace element fertilizers as a fertilizer synergist, so that the utilization rate of nutrient elements in the high-efficiency compound foliar spray containing the trace elements can be effectively improved, the sodium molybdate and the chelated manganese can activate the key enzyme activity of glycyrrhizic acid metabolic pathway, the gene expression level is increased, and the biosynthesis amount of glycyrrhizic acid is further improved. The compounding of various trace elements has the obvious effect of synergistically regulating and controlling the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid. The chelated trace elements are selected to mainly increase the absorption effect of the plant leaf surfaces.
Harvesting: planting for more than 3 years, and harvesting after the overground part withers in autumn.
The invention achieves the obvious effect of improving the glycyrrhizic acid content by improving and optimizing the fertilizing method in the liquorice cultivation.
In addition to using animal manure, the base fertilizer in the production of liquorice is generally applied by using a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer as the base fertilizer. According to the growth quantity of the liquorice in the first year and the nutrition demand characteristics of plants, in addition to the fact that stable manure only selects a proper amount of diammonium phosphate fertilizer to be applied as base fertilizer, the quick growth of underground root systems is guaranteed, the stress resistance of the plants is enhanced, the overwintering preservation rate of the plants is improved, and the plants can germinate and grow quickly in the spring of the next year.
The licorice has the characteristic of easily germinating subterranean crossstem. In 2 and 3 years after planting of the liquorice, the plants enter a vigorous growth period. And 4-6 months is the period of plant growth form restoration, in order to inhibit the growth of underground transverse stems, mechanical vine cutting is carried out in the middle ten days of 5-6 months, so that overground part photosynthetic products are reduced to be shunted to the transverse stems for growth, and sufficient nutrient supply and physiological metabolic activity of root systems are ensured. And (3) mechanically cutting the vines, and applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers with a proper proportion in a furrow, such as 10-25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 10-20 kg/mu of urea and 15-30 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer, so that the nutrient requirement of the rapid growth of the liquorice is met, the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is stimulated, and the content of glycyrrhizic acid is increased.
7. The height of the licorice plant reaches the peak after 8 months, the root system enters the rapid growth period, and is also the key period of the biosynthesis of glycyrrhizic acid as a secondary metabolite, and the efficient compound foliar spraying agent containing NaCl, high brassinolide and trace elements is sprayed, so that the increase of the biosynthesis amount of glycyrrhizic acid is facilitated. The glycyrrhizic acid content can be effectively improved by moderate salt stress (NaCl) treatment, and the trace elements of zinc and molybdenum can finally promote the formation and accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid by improving the expression of squalene synthetase (SQS) and beta-amyrin alcohol synthetase (beta-AS) genes which are key enzymes in glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis. Manganese element probably influences the photosynthetic efficiency through enrichment in the liquorice, promotes the transportation of assimilation products and the like, and promotes the accumulation of glycyrrhizic acid. The key function of brassinolide is to regulate the in vivo transport, enzyme activity and hormone balance of various nutrients required by the metabolism of liquorice plants in a moderate salt stress environment, fully mobilize the self potential and growth advantages of plants, and play a role in enhancing the life activity and improving the stress resistance. Especially, the 28-high brassinolide with the concentration of 0.1 percent is sprayed together with the trace elements, so that the effect of a fertilizer synergist can be exerted, and the nutrient is adjusted to be transmitted up and down in a plant body (the nutrient absorbed by the leaf surfaces is transmitted to the root, and the nutrient absorbed by the root is transmitted to the leaf surfaces), so that the utilization efficiency of the liquorice to the nutrient is improved, the physiological function of the trace elements is fully exerted, and the yield and the quality of the liquorice medicinal material are effectively improved.
The implementation test of the invention, the usage amount of the manure is tested 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 2800 and 3500 kg/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; the usage amount of the base fertilizer diammonium phosphate is tested to be 5, 10, 15, 18, 20, 25, 30 and 35 kg/mu; the application amount of the potassium sulfate fertilizer applied to the ground is tested to be 5, 10, 15, 18, 20, 25, 28 and 30 kg/mu; the application amount of the urea is 5, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20, 25 and 30 kg/mu; in the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent, the NaCl dosage is tested to be 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g/mu, and on the basis, a plurality of intermediate values are tested; 0.1% 28-high brassinolide dosage 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, 2.0, 2.4, 3.0 g/acre, on this basis some intermediate values were tested; the amount of sodium molybdate is tested to be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 g/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; the dosage of the chelated zinc is tested to be 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 g/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; the dosage of the chelated manganese is tested to be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 g/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; the dosage of boric acid is tested to be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 g/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; the dosage of the chelated calcium is tested to be 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 15 g/mu, and intermediate values are tested on the basis; test data show that based on the improvement of the fertilization method and the fertilization formula, the fertilization method with the significant effect of improving the glycyrrhizic acid content can be obtained, and the glycyrrhizic acid content can reach more than 2.5 percent while the liquorice has higher medicinal material yield. In the section on the specific examples of the invention, some experimental results are presented.
In the method and the fertilizer formula, the manure refers to but is not limited to sheep manure, cow manure and/or camel manure, namely organic fertilizer prepared by taking any one or mixture of more than two of the manure as raw materials. The preparation adopts the common preparation process of the organic fertilizer, and comprises but is not limited to the steps of carrying out insecticidal disinfection and decomposition treatment on sheep manure, cow manure and/or camel manure.
The invention adopts a special fertilizing method of combining mechanical tendril cutting with furrow application of soil topdressing and sprays the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent in the key period of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis, thereby achieving the effect of obviously improving the content of glycyrrhizic acid in medicinal materials. Other cultivation management measures are carried out according to the conventional operation technical scheme in the field of the main production area of liquorice. The fertilizing method for improving the glycyrrhizic acid content is convenient for mechanical operation in actual production, is easy to popularize, has excellent medicinal material quality, and has wide practical value and popularization prospect in the cultivation and production of the high-quality Chinese medicinal material liquorice.
Detailed Description
The detailed embodiments of the present invention are only for illustrating the aspects and effects of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may be modified within the scope of the invention. The specific parameters in the following examples are also merely exemplary of suitable ranges, i.e., those skilled in the art can select from the suitable ranges described herein, and are not intended to be limited to the specific values and specific steps set forth below.
Example 1:
test site: tanshiqi bridge head-Zhen Licorice root base in Nengyun Chifeng city
Seed source: seeds from the Hongfeng wild glycyrrhiza base
Selected fertilizer sources: the manure takes sheep manure as a main raw material and is formed by insolation and decomposition treatment and accumulation, and the water content is 25 percent; the potassium sulfate is superior potassium sulfate for agriculture produced by Limited liability company of Xinjiang apocynum potassium salt, K2O is more than or equal to 52 percent, and S is more than or equal to 17.5 percent; the total nutrient of the diammonium phosphate fertilizer produced by Kanglong chemical Limited liability company in the city of 3702574 percent, wherein the proportion of N, P2O5, K2O is 21: 53: 0; the N of the urea produced by North China brocade chemical industry Co., Ltd is not less than 46%.
High-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent: sodium chloride, sodium molybdate, boric acid and the like are analytical pure reagents produced by chemical reagents of national medicine group, the zinc chelate, the manganese chelate and the calcium chelate are produced by corridor pine and Bentech, and the 0.1 percent 28-high brassinolide is produced by Henan New rain chemical science and technology.
The specific implementation of the fertilization method comprises the following steps:
and step one, deeply ploughing the land by 45cm before applying base fertilizer for planting. And applying base fertilizer in a soil preparation mode, wherein the base fertilizer adopts 2500 kg/mu of fully decomposed sheep manure with the water content of 20% and 25 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer.
And step two, sowing in 5 months and 12 days, mechanically drilling, wherein the row spacing is 20 cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5 cm. The seed amount of each mu is 2.0 kg/mu.
Step three, tendril cutting and soil topdressing: on the 2 nd year, day 5 and 28, the height of the aerial part of the liquorice is about 15cm, and the underground transverse stem of the liquorice is cut by a machine in the middle of two rows, wherein the cutting depth is 15 cm. And simultaneously, applying additional fertilizer to the soil in a furrow way, wherein 25 kg/mu of potassium sulfate fertilizer, 20 kg/mu of urea and 20 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer are applied. And 6, 16 days in 3 years, applying soil topdressing in combination with the tendrils and the ditches, wherein the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing type are the same as those in 2 years.
Step four, top dressing on leaf surfaces: in the 2 nd year, on the 7 th month and 22 th day, on the 8 th month and 2 th day and on the 8 th month and 12 th day, selecting the morning on sunny days, spraying an efficient compound foliar spray agent containing NaCl, high brassinolide and trace elements on the foliar, wherein the composition and the application amount per mu are as follows: 60g of sodium chloride, 8g of sodium molybdate, 6g of chelated zinc, 4g of boric acid, 12g of chelated manganese, 10g of chelated calcium and 2.0g of 0.1% 28-homobrassinolide. Mix thoroughly with a dry powder mixer for 40min and dissolve in 40L of water. And in the 3 rd year, the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent is sprayed on the foliage at 25 days in 7 months, 5 days in 8 months and 15 days in 8 months, wherein the components and the application amount per mu are the same as those in the 2 nd year.
And step five, after the overground part of the liquorice withers at 10 months and 16 days of 3 years, the liquorice is harvested and dug.
Example 2:
in the licorice root fertilizing method of the embodiment, the intercropping tendrilled vine cutting treatment is not carried out, the furrow application is carried out only according to the conventional method, the furrow application depth is 10cm, the foliar spraying of the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent is not carried out, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 1;
example 3:
in the licorice root fertilizing method of the embodiment, the intercropping tendrilled vine cutting treatment is carried out, the furrow application soil topdressing is carried out, the furrow application depth is 15cm, and the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent is not sprayed on the foliar. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4:
in the licorice root fertilizing method of the embodiment, the intercropping tendrilled vine cutting treatment is not carried out, the soil topdressing is carried out only according to the conventional method, and the furrow application depth is 10 cm. The spraying of the high-efficiency compound foliar spraying agent on the foliar and the other steps are the same as those in the embodiment 1;
example 5:
in the licorice root fertilizing method of the embodiment, the intercropping tendrilled vine cutting treatment is not carried out, the soil topdressing is carried out only according to the conventional method, and the furrow application depth is 10 cm. Considering that the conventional foliar fertilizer does not contain NaCl, the composition of the efficient compound foliar spraying agent for foliar spraying in the embodiment does not contain NaCl, and other components, the using amount and the fertilizing method are the same as those in the embodiment 1;
example 6:
in the licorice root fertilizing method of the embodiment, the intercropping tendrilled vine cutting treatment is not carried out, and the furrow top dressing is carried out only according to the conventional method, wherein the furrow application depth is 10 cm. Considering that the conventional foliar fertilizer sprayed on Chinese medicinal materials does not contain 28-high brassinolide, the composition of the efficient compound foliar spraying agent sprayed on the foliar surface in the embodiment does not contain 28-high brassinolide, and other components, the using amount and the fertilizing method are the same as those in the embodiment 1.
In all the examples, the medicinal materials were harvested after planting for 3 years and withering of the overground part of the autumn, the yield of the licorice medicinal materials after fertilization was measured, and the glycyrrhizic acid content in the medicinal materials was measured according to the pharmacopoeia of the people's republic of China (2020 edition), and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 results of different fertilization protocols
The liquorice has long growth years and large biomass, so more nutrients are needed, and the correct fertilizing method and fertilizing amount have obvious effect on the yield and quality of the liquorice medicinal material. The average N, P, K absorption ratio in the whole cultivation period of liquorice is about 10: 6: 4. the liquorice needs more N, P fertilizers at the initial sowing stage, and K fertilizers are additionally applied at the later stage, so that the content of effective components is improved. Therefore, in the fertilizing method, the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate fertilizer, which meets the nutritional requirement of the first year. And in the second year, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are selected for matched application and furrow application is carried out by combining mechanical tendril cutting operation, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, and the growth and physiological metabolism of the root system of the liquorice are well promoted. The results in table 2 show that, in example 1, after a cultivation period, the yield of the medicinal material reaches 437.5 kg/mu, the glycyrrhizic acid content reaches 2.75%, and is increased by more than 50% compared with the glycyrrhizic acid content of 1.82% in example 2 in the conventional fertilization mode. Example 3, compared with the conventional furrow application of the embodiment 2 without tendril cutting, the combination of the tendril cutting and furrow application of the additional fertilizer improves the yield by 10.72 percent and the glycyrrhizic acid content by 21.43 percent, which shows that the tendril cutting and fertilizing method has the promotion effect on the improvement of the yield of the medicinal materials and the glycyrrhizic acid content; compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 4 has the advantages that the yield and the glycyrrhizic acid content are respectively improved by 7.12 percent and 35.71 percent by spraying the efficient compound spraying agent on the leaf surfaces under the condition of applying the fertilizer in the conventional ditch, which shows that the efficient compound spraying agent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the key period of glycyrrhizic acid biosynthesis in time and has obvious effect of improving the glycyrrhizic acid content; compared with the embodiment 4, the embodiment 5 does not contain NaCl, and the embodiment 6 does not contain 28-high brassinolide compared with the embodiment 4, so that the compared yield and glycyrrhizic acid content of the two groups are reduced to a certain extent, which shows that the addition of NaCl and high brassinolide in the high-efficiency composite spraying agent plays an important role in improving the glycyrrhizic acid content. The results of the comparison of the examples show that the ground topdressing method is improved by combining mechanical tendril cutting, and the developed efficient compound spraying agent is adopted for foliage spraying, so that the application effect of improving the glycyrrhizic acid content in the medicinal materials is remarkable, and the application is easy to popularize and apply in production.
Claims (5)
1. A fertilizing method for increasing the glycyrrhizic acid content comprises the following steps:
step one, base fertilizer application: deep ploughing and applying base fertilizer in combination with soil preparation before planting;
sowing in the second step: mechanically drilling in the middle and last ten days of 4 months to 6 months, wherein the row spacing is 20-25 cm, the sowing depth is 2-2.5 cm, the sowing amount per mu is 1.5-2.5kg, and the soil is covered and pressed after sowing;
step three, tendril cutting and soil topdressing: in the middle ten days of 5 months to 6 months of the 2 nd and 3 rd years, when the height of each licorice seedling is 10-15cm, cutting the underground horizontal stems of the licorice seedlings by using a machine in the middle of two rows to a cutting depth of 15-25cm, and simultaneously applying soil topdressing in ditches;
step four, spraying fertilizer on leaf surfaces: in the 7 th to the 8 th ten days of the 2 nd and 3 rd years, spraying an efficient compound foliar spraying agent containing NaCl, high brassinolide and trace elements on the foliar for 3 times;
harvesting: planting for more than 3 years, and harvesting after the overground part withers in autumn.
2. The fertilizing method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer adopts 1500-3000 kg/mu of fully decomposed manure and 15-25 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate fertilizer; the water content of the manure is 20-30%, and the manure is prepared from sheep manure, cow manure or camel manure as raw materials.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the additional fertilizer is potassium sulfate 10-25 kg/mu, urea 10-20 kg/mu, and diammonium phosphate 15-30 kg/mu.
4. The fertilizing method of claim 1, wherein the high-efficiency compound foliar spray has the following components and application amount per mu: 20-60g of sodium chloride, 4-8g of sodium molybdate, 2-6g of chelated zinc, 2-4g of boric acid, 4-12g of chelated manganese, 2-10g of chelated calcium and 0.2-2.0g of 0.1% 28-homobrassinolide, and the components are fully mixed for 40min by a dry powder mixer and dissolved in 40L of water.
5. The fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein the efficient compound foliar spray is applied by spraying manually or by a spraying machine, avoiding burning days and strong wind days above 28 ℃, and uniformly spraying on the front and back surfaces of licorice leaves before ten am or after four pm; if the rain falls within 2 hours after the spraying, the spraying should be supplemented in time.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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