CN101617597A - Planting method of liquorice - Google Patents
Planting method of liquorice Download PDFInfo
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- CN101617597A CN101617597A CN200810135901A CN200810135901A CN101617597A CN 101617597 A CN101617597 A CN 101617597A CN 200810135901 A CN200810135901 A CN 200810135901A CN 200810135901 A CN200810135901 A CN 200810135901A CN 101617597 A CN101617597 A CN 101617597A
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Abstract
The subject of the invention lies in providing a planting method of liquorice with high content of glycyrrhizic acid and is characterized by carrying out direct sowing culture in plots (1)-(3) while satisfying the following conditions, and planting by using a method satisfying at least one of condition (4) and condition (5); wherein, the concrete conditions are as follows: (1) annual precipitation is less than 800mm, the soil layer which is at least 0.5m under the ground surface is dry except for rainfalls or irrigations; (2) water of liquid state exists in the soil layer 1-6m under the ground; (3) the soil is slit or clay; (4) the liquorice is harvested in May, June or July; and (5) the part of liquorice above the ground is cut for 3-6 times per year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content, its cultivation method that is different from general Radix Glycyrrhizae is the content that the present invention can increase glycyrrhizic acid.
Background technology
Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza) is the herbaceos perennial of pulse family, is called as " state is old " since ancient times, is important traditional Chinese medicine, and range of application is very extensive, have the title of " ten sides, nine grass ", mainly is that root and subterranean stem use as medicinal material.Pharmacological actions such as the main component glycyrrhizic acid of Radix Glycyrrhizae has antibechic, anti-inflammatory, protects the liver, antiallergy, in addition, because the sugariness of glycyrrhizic acid is 50 times of granulated sugar, therefore extensively being used as sweetener in the whole world is used in food service industrys such as cake, soy sauce, and be widely used as the raw material of cigarette flavoring, the market scale about the tens thousand of one year tons of tool.
For a long time, Radix Glycyrrhizae is mainly used the high wild Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content, but as the China and the various countries, the Central Asia of major country of production, because long-term coyoting is dug excessively, wild Radix Glycyrrhizae resource falls sharply.Because Radix Glycyrrhizae is used to extract licorice root ointment and licorice spray mostly, use the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content as raw material, extraction efficiency is high and may be controlled to this, so the high-load Radix Glycyrrhizae often is in the state that supply falls short of demand.
In recent years, China restricts export for the resource of protecting wild Radix Glycyrrhizae, and extensively promotes the artificial cultivation of Radix Glycyrrhizae.The output of wild Radix Glycyrrhizae normally per hectare dry weight (cut away radicula and rhizome part, be dried to the weight that moisture is the medicinal material below 12%) is 100～500kg, excavates usually once and no longer excavates more than 5 years afterwards.Relative therewith, in the cultivation phase in 2～3 years, cultivation Radix Glycyrrhizae per hectare can obtain dry weight 3, and more than the 000kg, output is considerable.Yet, because common cultivation method its glycyrrhizic acid content of Radix Glycyrrhizae of cultivating is low, can not satisfy the requirement of 2.0% content of Chinese Pharmacopoeia defined, thereby cause and can not use and become problem as medicinal material.
Therefore, need develop a kind of new cultivation method that the glycyrrhizic acid content of cultivation Radix Glycyrrhizae can be increased to wild Radix Glycyrrhizae equal extent.
Summary of the invention
Invent problem to be solved
The present invention carries out in view of this situation, its objective is by using new cultivation method, increases glycyrrhizic acid content.
The method that is used to deal with problems
The inventor furthers investigate the cultivation method of the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content, found that: in satisfying the cultivation plot of specified conditions, carry out live method by using, limit results period again or carry out acrial part and cut off, can obtain the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content thus, thereby finish the present invention.
Promptly, the present invention is the cultivation method of the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content, it is characterized in that live seed in the cultivation plot of satisfying following condition (1)～(3), again with satisfy condition (4) and condition (5) in the method for at least one condition cultivate, actual conditions is as follows:
(1) the not enough 800mm of annual precipitation, the face of land is dry when removing precipitation or implementing irrigation down to the soil horizon that 0.5m is dark at least;
(2), the water that exists with liquid is arranged at the soil horizon of underground 1～6m; Or buried the infiltration irrigation installation underground at the soil horizon of underground 1～6m.
(3) soil is flour sand (silt) or clay;
(4) May～July results;
(5) cut off the acrial part of Radix Glycyrrhizae, annual 3～6 times.
The effect of invention
According to cultivation method of the present invention, can increase the glycyrrhizic acid content of Radix Glycyrrhizae.Therefore, satisfy the glycyrrhizic acid content requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia defined with the Radix Glycyrrhizae that cultivation method of the present invention is cultivated, thereby can supply the Radix Glycyrrhizae that can be used as medicinal raw material cheap and in large quantities.
Embodiment
Object as cultivation method of the present invention---Radix Glycyrrhizae, its kind, can be Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), glycyrrhiza inflate bat (G.inflata), glycyrrhiza glabra (G.glabra) etc., the special priority application of the present invention be in the cultivation of Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae.
Cultivation method of the present invention carries out in satisfying the cultivation plot of certain condition.At first, annual precipitation must be less than 800mm (condition (1)).The zone of the not enough 800mm of annual precipitation comprises almost whole regions of North China Plain in for example Chinese Shandong Province, Henan Province or Shaanxi Province and the NORTH CHINA to the north of the Gansu Province.Cultivation method of the present invention, can preferentially select annual precipitation is the following region of 500mm, these regions comprise for example areas such as Xinjiang autonomous region, Gansu Province, Ningxia autonomous region, western part, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.In addition, even the region beyond aforementioned, as long as also can in the cultivation plot that actual annual precipitation is included in the above-mentioned scope.
In addition, do not have to irrigate and the condition of precipitation under, preferentially selecting the face of land to the soil horizon of 0.5m at least is dry cultivation plot, even can preferentially to select the face of land to the soil horizon of 1m at least be the cultivation plot of drying.The washy words of top section in cultivation plot, vertically the root of Yan Shening (seminal root, adventive root) is perishable, so be not suitable for.In addition, soil " being dry " is meant the state of the water deficient 15% in the common soil, the preferably state of water deficient 12%.
Then, cultivation of the present invention plot must have at the soil horizon of underground 1～6m with the liquid water that exists (condition (2))." with the soil horizon of the liquid water that exists " is the soil horizon that moisture is in saturation state.1 month growth rate of licorice is about 30cm, because the common cultivation phase is 2～3 years, therefore has aqueous water in the scope of underground 1～6m, and in the whole cultivation phase, infiltration water can arrive the front end of root, thereby is utilized by Radix Glycyrrhizae.If subterranean water level is lower than 6m, available water can not arrive the root place of Radix Glycyrrhizae, even if cultivate more than 3 years, the content of glycyrrhizic acid does not improve yet.
In addition, cultivation of the present invention plot must be that soil is flour sand (silt) or clay (condition (3)).In the thinner soil of this class particle, moisture and fertilizer are difficult for running off, and Radix Glycyrrhizae is draws water and nutrition fully.At this, flour sand is meant that particle diameter is the particle of 1/16～1/256mm, and clay is meant that particle diameter is the following particle of 1/256mm.Particularly, in the dry area of NORTH CHINA, the Huanghe valley and Hexi Corridor such because of the rivers and creeks spreads unchecked formed agricultural zone, its soil normally from flour sand to the thin soil of argillaceous particle, be suitable as the cultivation plot of cultivation method of the present invention.Relative therewith, in the particle soil also bigger (sand, pebble), because moisture and fertilizer runs off easily, so preferentially selection than flour sand.For example, more particle of a large amount of glossiness quartz and the sand bigger than flour sand have been piled up in the area, plateau of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Erdos area central authorities, and this area is not suitable as the cultivation plot of cultivation method of the present invention.
In addition, satisfy the milpa of (1) and (3) in the condition of above-mentioned cultivation plot,, also can make it become the cultivation plot that is fit to cultivation method of the present invention by burying the infiltration irrigation installation underground at underground 1～6m place even if do not satisfy the requirements (2).As such irrigation installation, particularly, can be listed as to illustrate and comprise the methods of burying underground to connect such as Multihole flexible pipe from the water source.
Cultivation method of the present invention is in satisfying the cultivation plot of above-mentioned condition, by the seed sowing of the Radix Glycyrrhizae direct sowing culture to the field is carried out.In China, usually adopt the method for transplanting, this is the seedling of will grow seedlings 1 year in the seedbed was transplanted to the field 1 year spring a cultivation method.In contrast, direct sowing culture is not made the seedbed, directly is seeded into the field with strip and former state continues cultivation up to excavating.In direct sowing culture, seed preferentially germinates and promotes to handle, and as smashing with mortar or carrying out sulfuric acid treatment etc., the per hectare field is the seed of sowing 30～100kg usually.By such direct sowing culture, the root of Radix Glycyrrhizae be shaped as elongated taper shape, and it is cylindric to transplant being shaped as of the root that obtains, therefore can discern by which kind of type of seeding and cultivate.
In addition, in cultivation method of the present invention, the plantation density of recommendation is per hectare 150,000～500,000 strains.Such high-density planting can realize that transplanting method is difficult to the above planting density of realization per hectare 200,000 strains by above-mentioned direct sowing culture.If in this scope, even if high density also can keep good fertility status, therefore cultivation has higher economical efficiency.
In addition, when Radix Glycyrrhizae was used as medicinal material, the Radix Glycyrrhizae that diameter is thick was a good merchantable brand.By cultivation method of the present invention, can obtain the thick good merchantable brand of diameter, for example, in embodiment 7, dry weight (medicinal material is heavy) is a per hectare 3,400kg, wherein 73% is that diameter is the above thick root of 1cm.
Normally 2～3 years cultivation phase, how the period of excavating general carrying out about October.In cultivation method of the present invention, be not particularly limited the period of excavating, and preferentially is chosen in to carry out May～July.Excavate in this period, can obtain the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of glycyrrhizic acid content.By special-purpose excavation utensil being installed on tractor or being dug up roots and subterranean stem with manpower, the root and the subterranean stem that dig out to be tied, natural seasoning some months under the state of as far as possible not drenching with rain perhaps uses the dryer air-supply dry.
After planting, root and subterranean stem are grown in soil, and stem is partly grown on the ground and formed branches and leaves etc. simultaneously.In cultivation method of the present invention, recommend every year that this acrial part is cut off from the bottom 3～6 times.Particularly, by using pruning scissors and shovel, can cut off acrial part.By cutting off acrial part, can increase glycyrrhizic acid content.
Do not pull out between after planting not carrying out usually.In addition, the kind of the fertilizer that uses and fertilizing amount can suitably be selected according to the cultivation plot, for example, in the cultivation plot of the Huanghe valley of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of aforementioned NORTH CHINA, recommend to apply in right amount mainly comprise phosphoric acid and nitrogen fertilizer as base manure with topdress.Irrigate and recommend carry out about 2～4 times every year.As concrete irrigation method, can pass through with the water sprinkler watering, or adopt the mode of flood irrigation to carry out.
By its glycyrrhizic acid content height of Radix Glycyrrhizae that above method is cultivated, contain 2% above glycyrrhizic acid of Chinese Pharmacopoeia defined.Therefore, the raw material that can be used as medicinal material by the resulting Radix Glycyrrhizae of cultivation method of the present invention uses, and when using as the raw material that extracts glycyrrhizic acid, extraction efficiency and output obviously improve.
Embodiment
Enumerate embodiment below, illustrate in greater detail the present invention, but the present invention is not subjected to any qualification of these embodiment.
The assay method of glycyrrhizic acid
Dig out the root of the Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae of 100 strains, natural seasoning is more than 1 month, and then to use fan drying machine finally to be dried to moisture under 30 ℃ condition be below 12%.Fully mix after being cut into tiny thin slice, select its part to be ground into powder with rod mill.Use automatic pretreating device TPW II (production of Zymark company), the accurate about 0.5g powder sample of weighing, add 100mL as 50% ethanol that extracts solvent, homogenizing (18,000rpm 1 minute → 15,10 seconds 10 times → 8 of 000rpm, 10 seconds of 000rpm 5 times) filter with filter afterwards and obtain solution, this solution as analytic sample, is measured the glycyrrhizic acid content in this sample with high performance liquid chromatograph.
Condition determination:
Analytical equipment: Tianjin, island performance liquid chromatographic column LC-10vp
(liquid-feeding pump: LC-10ADvp, detector: SPD-M10Avp, system controller: SCL-10Avp, automatic sampler: SIL-10ADvp, column oven: CTO-10Avp)
Data processing software: Tianjin, island CLASS-VP
Post: TOSOH TSKgel ODS-80Ts internal diameter 4.6mm length 250mm
Column temperature: 40 ℃
Flowing phase: 5% acetic acid mixed liquor (3: 2)
Flow: 1.0mL/min
Sample size: 20 μ L
Measure wavelength: 254nm
Embodiment 1～12
According to the condition and the cultivation method in the cultivation plot shown in the following table 1, cultivation Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae.Subterranean water level in the table 1 comprises the numerical value of actual measurement and the numerical value of estimating according to the water level near the well it.Its result is in the lump shown in the table 1.
Table 1
By this result as can be known, the glycyrrhizic acid content of the Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae of embodiment 1～12 is all more than 2.5%.
Comparative example 1～15
According to cultivation plot condition and the cultivation method shown in the following table 2, cultivation Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae.According to the glycyrrhizic acid content of the Ural Radix Glycyrrhizae of excavating being measured with the same method of table 1.Its result illustrates in table 2 in the lump.
Table 2
As comparative example 1 and 2, reach deeply in the cultivation plot of 20m in subterranean water level, glycyrrhizic acid content is very low.The annual precipitation in the cultivation plot of comparative example 4 is higher than more than the 800mm in addition, be the above washy soil of part of soil surface 50cm, in such cultivation plot, the horizontal stem of along continuous straight runs growth is not perishable but root (seminal root and adventive root) vertically growth is perishable, how withered in the cultivation process, therefore be difficult to cultivation basically.In addition, as comparative example 6～7, contain greatly and in a large number in the soil of quartzy sand at soil particle, because moisture and fertilizer runs off easily, so growth rate is very slow, and glycyrrhizic acid content is also low.In addition, as comparative example 8～15, reach about 100m deeply in subterranean water level, soil also is under the situation of transplanting in the cultivation plot of the big sand of particle, even the cultivation phase was extended to more than 3 years, also can't increase glycyrrhizic acid content.
Industrial utilizability
The cultural method of Radix Glycyrrhizae of the present invention can improve glycyrrhizic acid and contain in field cultivation Amount. Therefore, can guarantee the supply as the cultivation Radix Glycyrrhizae of medicinal raw material, and final generation For the increasingly exhausted wild licorice of resource. Radix Glycyrrhizae cultural method of the present invention is very Useful.
Claims (4)
1. the cultivation method of the Radix Glycyrrhizae that glycyrrhizic acid content is high is characterized in that, carries out direct sowing culture in the plot of satisfying following condition (1)～(3), again with satisfy condition (4) and condition (5) in the method for at least one condition cultivate,
(1) the not enough 800mm of annual precipitation, the face of land is dry when removing precipitation or implementing irrigation down to the soil horizon that 0.5m is dark at least;
(2), the water that exists with liquid is arranged at the soil horizon of underground 1～6m;
(3) soil is flour sand or clay;
(4) May～July results;
(5) cut off the acrial part of Radix Glycyrrhizae, annual 3～6 times.
2. the cultivation method of the Radix Glycyrrhizae that glycyrrhizic acid content according to claim 1 is high, glycyrrhizic acid content are more than 2.0%.
3. according to the cultivation method of the high Radix Glycyrrhizae of each described glycyrrhizic acid content of claim 1～3, plantation density is per hectare 150,000～500,000 strains.
4. the cultivation method of the Radix Glycyrrhizae that glycyrrhizic acid content is high, it is characterized in that, buried live seed in the milpa of irrigation installation of water underground in the condition that satisfies following (1) and (3) and at underground 1～6m, again usefulness satisfy condition (4) and condition (5) in the method for at least one condition cultivate
(1) the not enough 800mm of annual precipitation;
(3) soil is flour sand or clay;
(4) May～July results;
(5) acrial part of Radix Glycyrrhizae cut off 3～6 times in 1 year.
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| CN 200810135901 CN101617597B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | Planting method of liquorice |
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| CN 200810135901 CN101617597B (en) | 2008-07-03 | 2008-07-03 | Planting method of liquorice |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102668841A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-09-19 | 新疆康隆农业科技发展有限公司 | Standardized planting technology for liquorice |
| CN107624541A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-26 | 亿利首建生态科技有限公司 | A kind of method of shelter-forest forest interplanting radix glycyrrhizae |
| CN114128470A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content |
| CN115536466A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-30 | 北京中医药大学 | Licorice root nodule bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-07-03 CN CN 200810135901 patent/CN101617597B/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102668841A (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2012-09-19 | 新疆康隆农业科技发展有限公司 | Standardized planting technology for liquorice |
| CN102668841B (en) * | 2012-05-17 | 2014-02-12 | 新疆康隆农业科技发展有限公司 | Standardized planting technology for liquorice |
| CN107624541A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-01-26 | 亿利首建生态科技有限公司 | A kind of method of shelter-forest forest interplanting radix glycyrrhizae |
| CN114128470A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-04 | 中国医学科学院药用植物研究所 | Fertilizing method for improving glycyrrhizic acid content |
| CN115536466A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-30 | 北京中医药大学 | Licorice root nodule bacterial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN115536466B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-08-25 | 北京中医药大学 | Rhizobium fertilizer for liquorice and preparation method thereof |
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| CN101617597B (en) | 2011-05-04 |
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Address after: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee after: TSUMURA & CO (JP) Patentee after: China Meheco Co., Ltd. Patentee after: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Address before: Tokyo, Japan, Japan Patentee before: TSUMURA & CO (JP) Patentee before: Cntic Trading Co., Ltd. Patentee before: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine |