CN109769446B - Management method for fertilization and irrigation of asparagus seed production field - Google Patents
Management method for fertilization and irrigation of asparagus seed production field Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention provides a management method for fertilization and irrigation of an asparagus seed production field, which comprises the following steps: fertilizing management before and after planting of the parent seedlings, fertilizing management after clearing the garden in winter and before leaving stems in spring, and fertilizing management in the seed production period; the management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps: irrigating and managing the parent seedlings before and after field planting, irrigating and managing the parent seedlings after clearing the garden in winter and before leaving stems in spring, and irrigating and managing the parent seedlings in the seed production period; the asparagus seed production field managed in the way has obvious advantages in indexes such as fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight of seeds, germination rate and the like, so that the yield and the quality of asparagus seeds are increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of farmland management, in particular to a fertilization and irrigation management method for an asparagus seed production field.
Background
Asparagus (Asparagus) is a scientific name Asparagus which is a perennial herbaceous plant of a male and female variant plant of Asparagus of Liliaceae, takes an extracted tender stem as fresh food or processing use, is one of ten major vegetables in the world, and enjoys the name of 'the king of vegetables' in the international market. The asparagus is rich in various amino acids, vitamins and histones which are necessary for human bodies, the content of the asparagus is higher than that of asparagine and trace elements such as selenium, molybdenum, chromium, manganese and the like in common vegetables and fruits, particularly in the asparagus, the asparagus has the effects of regulating the metabolism of organisms and improving the immunity of the bodies, and has strong inhibiting effect and pharmacological effect in the prevention and treatment of hypertension, heart disease, leukemia, edema, cystitis and the like.
In recent years, the demand of high-quality asparagus seeds in China is strong, and the improvement of seed production technology is of great importance on the premise of continuously cultivating high-quality new varieties. In the aspect of seed production, fertilization and irrigation affect the seed setting rate, the seed quantity and the germination rate of asparagus, and the seed quantity and the germination rate affect the yield and the asparagus quality in the next year.
The market needs a management method for fertilizing and irrigating to improve the seed setting rate, the seed quantity and the seed germination rate of the asparagus seed production field, and the invention solves the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a management method for fertilizing and irrigating an asparagus seed field, so that the asparagus seed field has obvious advantages in indexes such as fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight, germination rate and the like, and the yield and quality of asparagus seeds are increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
the management method for the fertilization of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the content of fertilization management before and after the parental seedling planting comprises the following steps: applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer to the parent tissue culture seedlings before field planting, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 1 month, and respectively applying one-time ternary compound fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 2-3 months and 5-6 months;
the fertilization management contents from garden cleaning in winter to stem reserving in spring comprise: after cleaning the seed production field, applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer, and topdressing a primary ternary compound fertilizer after the bamboo shoots appear in spring;
the content of fertilization management in the seed production period comprises the following steps: and (3) after the stem of the parent plant is retained, fertilizing according to physiological stages in proper time: in the vegetative growth period, applying decomposed organic fertilizer before flowering and applying a primary ternary compound fertilizer; after the flowering period, applying boron fertilizer every 5 days for three times continuously; after the flowering period is finished, dressing a ternary compound fertilizer once at an interval of 15d in the early period and at an interval of 20d after the fruits are full;
n, CaO mass percent of calcium cyanamide is 19.8 percent and 50 percent;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is produced by inoculating a microbial compound microbial inoculum to a biological organic fertilizer, and performing biological fermentation, high-temperature sterilization, harmless treatment and organic matter humification treatment;
the mass fraction of N in the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 47 percent;
n, P in ternary compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass fractions of O are respectively 18%, 9% and 18%;
the mass fraction of B in the boron fertilizer is 21 percent.
The management method for the fertilization of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
before field planting of seedlings, deeply turning soil for 30cm, then spreading calcium cyanamide on the furrows, uniformly mixing to fertilize soil, performing film mulching irrigation, sealing a greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 15-20 days; after film uncovering, airing for 5-7 d, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, turning over to form a furrow, and transplanting seedlings 5-7 d after application;
after clearing the garden, spreading calcium cyanamide on the furrow, and covering a film for irrigation; digging a ditch between two lines of furrows, applying decomposed organic fertilizer in the ditch, and covering the surface with 3cm of soil;
the application amount of the calcium cyanamide is 30 kg/mu;
in the stem retaining period, ditching and deep applying decomposed organic fertilizer;
when the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the application amount before field planting and after clearing is 2000-3000 kg/mu, and when the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer, the application amount in the stem remaining period is 1000-1200 kg/mu.
The method for managing the fertilization of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with water, and irrigating the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the roots of the asparagus; or ditching along ridges at a distance of 20-30 cm from the plants, applying fertilizer into the ditches, and timely covering soil and harrowing.
The management method for applying the fertilizer to the asparagus planting field comprises the following steps:
shallow applying the ternary compound fertilizer to the position 20-25 cm away from the plant in the seedling stage of the parent plant;
and (5) broadcasting the ternary compound fertilizer on the ridges the next year of field planting.
The management method for applying the fertilizer to the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps: diluting the boron fertilizer, and spraying the diluted boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces and buds of plants; spraying the mixture once every 5 days for three times continuously.
The management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the irrigation management contents before and after the parental seedling planting comprise: drip irrigation every day after planting for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and water amount are reduced and the drip irrigation lasts for 1-2 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month to ensure that the soil in the seedling stage of the plant is moist until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application;
the irrigation management contents from garden cleaning in winter to stem remaining in spring comprise: irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden;
the irrigation management contents in the seed production period comprise: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying soil in the flowering period of the plants, and carrying out drip irrigation; the soil in the fruit development period is moisturized and drip-irrigated; controlling the humidity of the soil in the mature period of the fruits, and carrying out drip irrigation; watering in time after each top application.
According to the management method for irrigation of the asparagus seed production field, the irrigation management contents before and after the planting of the parent seedlings comprise: after planting, carrying out drip irrigation before 8 am or 4 pm every day, wherein the drip irrigation lasts for 2-3 hours if the soil is dry, and the drip irrigation lasts for 1 hour if the soil is wet, and lasts for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and the water amount are reduced, 1 drip irrigation is carried out every 1d in sunny and high-temperature weather, 1 drip irrigation is carried out every 3-4 d in rainy days, 2-3 hours are carried out every time, and the duration lasts for 1-2 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month, and each time lasts for 2-3 hours, so that the soil of the plant in the seedling stage is wet until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; after clearing the garden, carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time for 3-4 hours to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application.
According to the management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field, the irrigation management content in the seed production period comprises the following steps: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times, 2-3 hours each time; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying the soil in the flowering period of the plants, carrying out drip irrigation for about 1 time per week for 3-4 times, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 hours each time; moisturizing the soil in the fruit development period, and carrying out drip irrigation 2-3 times per month for 2-3 hours each time; controlling the humidity of the soil in the fruit mature period, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times for 1-2 hours each time; watering in time after each top application.
In the management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field, the drip irrigation facility is a drip irrigation tape which is arranged at a position 10cm away from the seedling.
The invention has the advantages that:
according to the method, the variety, the application period, the fertilization method and the application amount of the fertilizer applied to the asparagus seed production field are controlled, and the irrigation amount, time and the irrigation mode are controlled, so that the asparagus seed production field has obvious advantages in indexes such as fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight of the seeds, germination rate and the like, and the yield and the quality of asparagus seeds are increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
The management method for the fertilization of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the content of fertilization management before and after the field planting of the parent seedlings comprises the following steps: applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer to the parent tissue culture seedlings before field planting, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 1 month, and respectively applying one-time ternary compound fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 2-3 months and 5-6 months;
n, CaO mass percent of calcium cyanamide is 19.8 percent and 50 percent; the decomposed organic fertilizer is produced by inoculating a microbial compound microbial inoculum to a biological organic fertilizer, and performing biological fermentation, high-temperature sterilization, harmless treatment and organic matter humification treatment; n, P in ternary compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass fractions of O were 18%, 9%, and 18%, respectively.
The method for applying the calcium cyanamide and the decomposed organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
firstly, deeply turning over soil for 30cm before field planting of seedlings, then spreading calcium cyanamide on furrows, uniformly mixing fertile soil, covering with a film for irrigation, completely sealing a greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 15-20 days. After film uncovering, airing for 5-7 d, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, turning over to form a bed, and transplanting seedlings 5-7 d after application so as to avoid damaging the seedlings; secondly, spreading calcium cyanamide on the furrow after cleaning the garden, and covering a film for irrigation; digging a ditch with the width of 20cm and the depth of 10cm between two lines of furrows, applying decomposed organic fertilizer in the ditch, and covering the surface with 3cm of soil; thirdly, ditching and deeply applying the decomposed organic fertilizer in the stem remaining period.
The application amount of the calcium cyanamide is 30 kg/mu; the calcium cyanamide is mainly used for soil disinfection and soil fertility improvement, can reduce harmful organisms such as microorganisms, nematodes and the like in soil, improve the survival rate of seedlings, and simultaneously can reduce the morbidity of adult asparagus.
When the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the application amount before field planting and after clearing is 2000-3000 kg/mu, and when the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer, the application amount in the stem remaining period is 1000-1200 kg/mu.
The mass fraction of N in the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 47 percent; the method for applying the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following steps: diluting the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with water by a certain time according to the instructions, and irrigating the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the roots of the asparagus; or ditching along ridges 20-30 cm far away from the plants, preferably 10cm deep, applying fertilizer into the ditches, and timely earthing and raking. After the seedlings are planted for 1 month, the seedlings enter a normal growth period, and the nitrogen fertilizer dressing can promote the seedlings to be quickly elongated and improve the survival rate of the seedlings.
The method for applying the ternary compound fertilizer comprises the following steps: firstly, shallow applying a ternary compound fertilizer to a position 20-25 cm away from a plant in a seedling stage of a parent plant; secondly, the ternary compound fertilizer is spread on the ridges in the second year of field planting.
Secondly, the fertilization management contents from the winter garden cleaning to the spring stem reserving include: after cleaning the seed production field, applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer, and topdressing a primary ternary compound fertilizer after the bamboo shoots appear in spring;
thirdly, the content of fertilization management in the seed production period comprises the following steps: and (3) after the stem of the parent plant is retained, fertilizing according to physiological stages in proper time: in the vegetative growth period, applying decomposed organic fertilizer before flowering and applying a primary ternary compound fertilizer; after the flowering period, applying boron fertilizer every 5 days for three times continuously; and after the flowering period is finished, applying the ternary compound fertilizer once at an interval of 15d in the early period, and applying the fertilizer once at an interval of 20d after the fruits are full.
The mass fraction of B in the boron fertilizer is 21 percent. The method for applying the boron fertilizer comprises the following steps: spraying the diluted boric fertilizer on the leaf surfaces and the buds of the plants; spraying the mixture once every 5 days for three times continuously. The method for applying the boron fertilizer per mu comprises the following steps: diluting about 50g of boron fertilizer with 1000 times of water according to the instructions, and then spraying the diluted boron fertilizer on the leaf surfaces and the buds of plants; spraying the mixture once every 5 days for three times continuously. It should be noted that: the dosage of applying the boron fertilizer of 50g per mu is only the common dosage and can be increased or decreased according to the situation. The boron fertilizer can prevent flower and fruit dropping and improve the seed setting rate and seed quality.
The management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the irrigation management contents before and after the parental seedling planting comprise: drip irrigation every day after planting for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and water amount are reduced and the drip irrigation lasts for 1-2 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month to ensure that the soil in the seedling stage of the plant is moist until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application;
the irrigation management contents from garden cleaning in winter to stem remaining in spring comprise: irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden;
the irrigation management contents in the seed production period comprise: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying soil in the flowering period of the plants, and carrying out drip irrigation; the soil in the fruit development period is moisturized and drip-irrigated; controlling the humidity of the soil in the mature period of the fruits, and carrying out drip irrigation; watering in time after each top application.
The irrigation management contents before and after the parental seedling planting comprise: after planting, carrying out drip irrigation before 8 am or 4 pm every day, wherein the drip irrigation lasts for 2-3 hours if the soil is dry, and the drip irrigation lasts for 1 hour if the soil is wet, and lasts for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and the water amount can be properly reduced, 1 drip irrigation time is carried out every 1d in sunny and high-temperature weather, 1 drip irrigation time is carried out every 3-4 d in rainy days, and each drip irrigation time lasts for 1-2 months for 2-3 hours; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month, and each time lasts for 2-3 hours, so that the soil of the plant in the seedling stage is wet until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; after clearing the garden, carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time for 3-4 hours to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application.
The irrigation management contents in the seed production period comprise: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times, 2-3 hours each time; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying the soil in the flowering period of the plants, carrying out drip irrigation for about 1 time per week for 3-4 times, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 hours each time; moisturizing the soil in the fruit development period, and carrying out drip irrigation 2-3 times per month for 2-3 hours each time; and (3) controlling the moisture of the soil in the fruit mature period, and only carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, wherein each time lasts for 1-2 hours. Insufficient soil moisture in the flowering period of the plants can reduce stigma fertility, pollen activity and flowering rate, so that the fruit setting rate is low; if the water content is too much, the burnt-out phenomenon can be generated, the pollen activity can be reduced, and the fruit setting rate and the seed yield are influenced; watering in time after each top application.
The drip irrigation facility is a drip irrigation tape which is arranged at a position 10cm away from the seedlings. The roots of the planted asparagus seedlings are shallow, and the nearby drip irrigation is favorable for the absorption of the plants to water.
And (3) verification experiment:
experiments prove that the management method for fertilizing and irrigating disclosed by the invention can improve the indexes such as fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight of seeds, germination rate and the like.
The test method comprises the following steps: compared with the existing fertilizer and water management method for the seed production field, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that 3 repetitions are respectively set, 50 asparagus are one repetition, the proportion of male and female plants in each repetition is 4:1, and 600 asparagus are used in the test field, and the fertilizer and the irrigation are respectively carried out by the method of the following embodiment.
Test time: 2015-2017
Test site: test was conducted on asparagus bases of Hangzhou Jiahui agricultural development Co Ltd in Shaoshan region of Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province
Example 1 is shown in tables 1 and 2 below.
TABLE 1 Asparagus seed field fertilizing method
TABLE 2 Asparagus seed field irrigation method
Comparative example 1, as shown in tables 3 and 4, the irrigation arrangement of the seed production field is the same as the method of the present invention, and the fertilization arrangement is different from the method of the present invention: the difference of fertilization is concentrated in the seed production period of plants. Firstly, only applying an equivalent ternary compound fertilizer in the vegetative growth period (before flowering), and not applying a decomposed organic fertilizer; ② changing 'three-time boron fertilizer' into 'one-time ternary compound fertilizer' in the flowering period; thirdly, the application times of the ternary compound fertilizer are reduced in the fruiting period, and 4-5 times are changed into 2-3 times.
TABLE 3 fertilization method for asparagus seed field
TABLE 4 drip irrigation method for asparagus seed field
Comparative example 2, as shown in tables 5 and 6, the fertilization arrangement of the seed field was the same as the method of the present invention, and the irrigation arrangement was different from the method of the present invention: the irrigation difference is concentrated in the plant seed production period, and irrigation is carried out according to the change of weather conditions and soil moisture. Drip irrigation for 2-3 times every month for 2-3 hours in 4-5 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times every month for 3-4 hours every time from 6 months to 8 months; and thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation for 2-3 times every month from 9 months to 10 months, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2-3 hours each time.
TABLE 5 fertilization method for asparagus seed field
TABLE 6 irrigation method for asparagus seed field
Comparative example 3, as shown in tables 7, 8, the fertilization schedule differs from the method of the invention: the difference of fertilization is concentrated in the seed production period of plants. Firstly, applying an equivalent ternary compound fertilizer in a vegetative growth period (before flowering), and not applying a decomposed organic fertilizer; ② changing 'three-time boron fertilizer' into 'one-time ternary compound fertilizer' in the flowering period; thirdly, the application times of the ternary compound fertilizer are reduced in the fruiting period, and 4-5 times are changed into 2-3 times.
The differences between the irrigation arrangement and the method of the invention: the irrigation difference is concentrated in the plant seed production period, and irrigation is carried out according to the change of weather conditions and soil moisture. Drip irrigation for 2-3 times every month for 2-3 hours in 4-5 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times every month for 3-4 hours every time from 6 months to 8 months; and thirdly, carrying out drip irrigation for 2-3 times every month from 9 months to 10 months, wherein the drip irrigation time is 2-3 hours each time.
TABLE 7 fertilization method for asparagus seed field
TABLE 8 irrigation method for asparagus seed field
The result of the comparison between the method of the invention and the existing fertilizer and water management method of the seed production field shows that: the fertilizer water management method of the invention has obvious advantages in fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight and germination rate compared with other methods (as shown in Table 9).
TABLE 9 statistics of test combination survey results
According to the method, the variety, the application period, the fertilization method and the application amount of the fertilizer applied to the asparagus seed production field are controlled, and the irrigation amount, time and the irrigation mode are controlled, so that the asparagus seed production field has obvious advantages in indexes such as fruit setting rate, fresh weight of fruits, weight of treated seeds, thousand seed weight of the seeds, germination rate and the like, and the yield and the quality of asparagus seeds are increased.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by using equivalent alternatives or equivalent variations fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The management method for fertilization and irrigation of the asparagus seed production field is characterized by comprising the following steps: a management method for fertilizing the asparagus seed field and a management method for irrigating the asparagus seed field;
the management method for the fertilization of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the content of fertilization management before and after the parental seedling planting comprises the following steps: applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer to the parent tissue culture seedlings before field planting, applying quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 1 month, and respectively applying one-time ternary compound fertilizer to the seedlings after field planting for 2-3 months and 5-6 months;
the fertilization management contents from garden cleaning in winter to stem reserving in spring comprise: after cleaning the seed production field, applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer, and topdressing a primary ternary compound fertilizer after the bamboo shoots appear in spring;
the content of fertilization management in the seed production period comprises the following steps: and (3) after the stem of the parent plant is retained, fertilizing according to physiological stages in proper time: in the vegetative growth period, applying decomposed organic fertilizer before flowering and applying a primary ternary compound fertilizer; after the flowering period, applying boron fertilizer every 5 days for three times continuously; after the flowering period is finished, dressing a ternary compound fertilizer once at an interval of 15d in the early period and at an interval of 20d after the fruits are full;
n, CaO mass percent of the calcium cyanamide is 19.8 percent and 50 percent;
the decomposed organic fertilizer is produced by inoculating a microbial compound microbial inoculum to a biological organic fertilizer, and performing biological fermentation, high-temperature sterilization, harmless treatment and organic matter humification treatment;
the mass fraction of N in the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is more than or equal to 47 percent;
n, P in the ternary compound fertilizer2O5、K2The mass fractions of O are respectively 18%, 9% and 18%;
the mass fraction of B in the boron fertilizer is 21%;
the management method for the irrigation of the asparagus seed production field comprises the following steps:
the irrigation management contents before and after the parental seedling planting comprise: drip irrigation every day after planting for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and water amount are reduced and the drip irrigation lasts for 1-2 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month to ensure that the soil in the seedling stage of the plant is moist until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application;
the irrigation management contents from garden cleaning in winter to stem remaining in spring comprise: irrigating for 1 time after clearing the garden;
the irrigation management contents in the seed production period comprise: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying soil in the flowering period of the plants, and carrying out drip irrigation; the soil in the fruit development period is moisturized and drip-irrigated; controlling the humidity of the soil in the mature period of the fruits, and carrying out drip irrigation; watering in time after each top application.
2. The method for managing fertilization and irrigation of an asparagus seed field according to claim 1, wherein the method for applying calcium cyanamide and decomposed organic fertilizer comprises:
before field planting of seedlings, deeply turning soil for 30cm, then spreading calcium cyanamide on the furrows, uniformly mixing to fertilize soil, performing film mulching irrigation, sealing a greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse for 15-20 days; after film uncovering, airing for 5-7 d, spreading decomposed organic fertilizer, turning over to form a furrow, and transplanting seedlings 5-7 d after application;
after clearing the garden, spreading calcium cyanamide on the furrow, and covering a film for irrigation; digging a ditch between two lines of furrows, applying decomposed organic fertilizer in the ditch, and covering the surface with 3cm of soil;
the application amount of the calcium cyanamide is 30 kg/mu;
in the stem retaining period, ditching and deep applying decomposed organic fertilizer;
when the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, the application amount before field planting and after clearing is 2000-3000 kg/mu, and when the decomposed organic fertilizer is used as an additional fertilizer, the application amount in a stem remaining period is 1000-1200 kg/mu.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method of applying rapid nitrogen fertilizer comprises: diluting the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer with water, and irrigating the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer at the roots of the asparagus; or ditching along ridges at a distance of 20-30 cm from the plants, applying fertilizer into the ditches, and timely covering soil and harrowing.
4. The asparagus fertigation and irrigation management method for the asparagus seed production field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for applying the ternary compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
shallow applying the ternary compound fertilizer to the position 20-25 cm away from the plant in the seedling stage of the parent plant;
and (5) broadcasting the ternary compound fertilizer on the ridges the next year of field planting.
5. The method of managing the fertilization and irrigation of an asparagus seed field according to claim 1, wherein the method of applying boron fertilizer comprises: diluting the boron fertilizer, and spraying the diluted boron fertilizer on leaf surfaces and buds of plants; spraying the mixture once every 5 days for three times continuously.
6. The asparagus fertilizied and irrigated seed field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation management before and after planting of the parent seedlings comprises: after planting, carrying out drip irrigation before 8 am or 4 pm every day, wherein the drip irrigation lasts for 2-3 hours if the soil is dry, and the drip irrigation lasts for 1 hour if the soil is wet, and lasts for 3-4 weeks; after the root system of the asparagus seedling is elongated and developed, the drip irrigation times and the water amount are reduced, 1 drip irrigation is carried out every 1d in sunny and high-temperature weather, 1 drip irrigation is carried out every 3-4 d in rainy days, 2-3 hours are carried out every time, and the duration lasts for 1-2 months; drip irrigation for 3-4 times per month, and each time lasts for 2-3 hours, so that the soil of the plant in the seedling stage is wet until the asparagus plant enters the dormancy stage; after clearing the garden, carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time for 3-4 hours to ensure that the water content of the soil layer is sufficient; watering in time after each top application.
7. The asparagus seed production field fertilizing and irrigating management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the irrigating management in the seed production period comprises: soil is moisturized before the stem retaining period, and drip irrigation is carried out for 2-3 times, 2-3 hours each time; controlling the humidity of soil during vegetative growth without irrigation; humidifying the soil in the flowering period of the plants, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1 time every week for 3-4 times, wherein each time lasts for 1-2 hours; moisturizing the soil in the fruit development period, and carrying out drip irrigation 2-3 times per month for 2-3 hours each time; controlling the humidity of the soil in the fruit mature period, and carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times for 1-2 hours each time; watering in time after each top application.
8. The method for the management of fertilization and irrigation of an asparagus seed field according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the drip irrigation facility is a drip irrigation tape, and the drip irrigation tape is placed 10cm from the seedling.
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