CN103503677A - Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds - Google Patents
Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant breeding and elite breeding and relates to a production method of liquorice elite breeding. The production method includes the following steps that firstly, a growth period is met and fruit abortion is relieved; secondly, the planting density is limited and seed yield is ensured; thirdly, fertilizing management is performed and bud breeding and blossoming are ensured; fourthly, drought and flooding are prevented and the number of blooming flowers is reduced; fifthly, artificial supplementary pollination is performed; sixthly, the coordinating relation between nutrition growth and reproduction growth is regulated, the density of flowers and fruits is low and the maturity degree is improved; seventhly, insects are prevented and treated and the quality of seeds is improved; eighthly, overwintering and coldness preventing are performed and freeze injuries to flower buds are reduced; ninthly, blended selection and seed collecting are performed and the purity of the seeds is ensured. According to the production method of liquorice elite breeding, the liquorice growth environment is improved, fertilizing is performed according to a formula, and planting is performed reasonably and densely, so that the cycle of blooming and podding of seeds is shortened and the seed podding rate, the maturity degree and the yield are correspondingly improved. The technical barrier in artificial cultivation of liquorice seeds in production is effectively removed, the yield and the quality of the seeds are improved, the situation that wild seeds are gradually less is relieved and the demand for seeds in the market is met.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant breeding and Seed-breeding techniques field, i.e. a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality.
Background technology
Radix Glycyrrhizae is pulse family (Leguminosae) glycyrrhiza genus, mainly contains Glycyrrhiza Uralensis (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), glycyrrhiza inflate bat (Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.) or glycyrrhiza glabra (Glycyrrhiza glabr.).Radix Glycyrrhizae is the Chinese herbal medicine simply of consumption maximum in more than 6,000 kind of Chinese herbal medicine of China, and annual consumption reaches more than 60,000 tons, have saying of " ten side's nine grass, without grass Cheng Fang not ".At present, the wild licorice of China northeast, northwest, North China has been excavated 60 years continuously, it is nearly more than 80% that resource is destroyed, 1.0 centimetres of above main roots of diameter are rarely found, underground root and rhizome reserves are fewer and feweri, due to Glycyrrhiza Seeds main source wild licorice, bring great threat to Glycyrrhiza Seeds production and supply.When main producing region is carried out wild licorice and is fostered protection storage provenance; greatly develop artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae; be the main direction of Radix Glycyrrhizae industry development, at present annual artificial planting Radix Glycyrrhizae has the development space of 100,000 mu, but provenance is in short supply; seminal propagation technology is lack of standardization; seed production is low, of poor quality, is difficult to meet the wilderness demand of producing provenance, the invention provides a kind of production method of Radix Glycyrrhizae stock breeding for this reason; to greatly improve seed production capacity, alleviate the pressure of seed supply shortage.Wild licorice provenance is the main source of current artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds, artificial breeding Glycyrrhiza Seeds technology is lack of standardization, make seed quality not reach the quality of wild seed, simultaneously, production cycle is long, and artificial breeding Glycyrrhiza Seeds will be waited until the 4th year and just can bloom seed collecting, generally about every mu of 3-10 kilogram, yield poorly, production cost is higher.
The present invention is by environment and planting density choose reasonable, the field management technology that guarantees seed plumpness, maturity and good quality and high output is implemented, by effectively solving the technology barrier of artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds production, improve seed production and quality, guarantee the demand of market to seed.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is provides a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality for above-mentioned deficiency.By improving growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis environment, rational application of fertilizers and rational close planting, seed is bloomed bear pods cycle shortening, seed Pod Bearing Percentage, maturity and output to be improved accordingly, the technology barrier of artificial planting Glycyrrhiza Seeds production will effectively be solved, improve seed production and quality, alleviate the less and less present situation of wild seed, guarantee the demand of market to seed.
The technology of the present invention solution is: a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality, and its step is as follows:
(1) set up the seed field that meets the fertility time limit, guarantee fully to blossom and bear fruit, assurance seed is produced.Radix Glycyrrhizae is perennial herb ratio of rhizome medicinal material, in artificial live situation, life in 3～4 years Radix Glycyrrhizae of can gathering, the life in 6～7 years of the growing seed of gathering that just can blossom and bear fruit was limited by production cost in the past, and cultivation production field is difficult to reach the time limit requirement of reserving seed for planting, seed field and production field are set up separately for this reason, extend the growth year of seed field, guarantee fully to bloom knot, thereby guarantee seed production.
(2) restriction planting density, assurance seed production: by density 3.0～4.0 ten thousand plant/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is 3.0～4.0kg/ mu; Seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5～1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu.Radix Glycyrrhizae is the perennial plant that repeatedly produces seeds, and reduces the overstocked nutrient competition that causes, and seed field planting density is wanted appropriateness, annual blossoming and having seeds of continuing after can guaranteeing.
(3) fertilizing management, guarantee that pregnant flower bud blooms: whole ground and growth fertilising in early stage are only noted in the field of Radix Glycyrrhizae production in the past; In order to promote plant development, except in Radix Glycyrrhizae, emerge or turn green after fertilising, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase is in conjunction with irrigating dressing fertilizer simultaneously.
(4) take precautions against drought water drainage, number guarantees to bloom: in annual 3-4 month in spring, note watering; Connect rainy day ponding and will note water drainage, reduce flower and fall, guarantee output and the quality of seed.In annual 3～April of spring, according to damage caused by a drought, note watering; Pregnant flower bud blooms and thoroughly fills with once early stage, blooms and also should pour water with pod bearing period.
(5) artificial supplementary pollination, adopts the pollinating process of putting honeybee or the auxiliary Radix Glycyrrhizae of manual type.
(6) control excessive growth, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity: spray plant growth regulator, control growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, in 7 months, the last ten-days period spray plant growth regulator 2-3 time; 7～August of flower thinning time; 8～September of fruit thinning time.Wild seed collecting, does not have the flower and fruit thinning management of labor management, and the empty flat seed of seed is many, and seed quality is poor.Seed field will utilize plant growth regulator to control excessive growth, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity.
(7) pest control, raising seed quality: mid or late June to early August yields positive results the phase, prevents insect pest, carry out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control.
(8) survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage: the main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and the horizontal stem of walking form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, and the bud of surviving the winter should cover at soil layer 2～5cm place; Or the large area of dust storm, note suitable ridging; Or autumn headkerchief excrement.
(9) mixed choosing is collected seed, is guaranteed seed purity: the time limit of live seed field will be controlled at and be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and selecting the healthy Radix Glycyrrhizae that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy is plant left to run to seed; Early August fructescence, one or many fruit picking, by fruit picking roguing, selects excellent reserving seed for planting.
In step (1), meet frost-free season more than 130 days, guarantee enough breeding times, can effectively reduce blasting.
In step (3), dressing fertilizer is urea, or imposes dikalium phosphate 2000g+urea 1500g+ borax 1000g, to water 400～500kg.
Plant growth regulator in step (6) is paclobutrazol PP333, chlormequat or compound sodium nitrophenolate.
In step (6), flower thinning has 1/2nd at inflorescence little the flowers are in blossom while putting, and extracts the flower near branch taper, stays the flower on branch top, and the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spending are all pinched and removed.
In step (6), fruit thinning is suitable with the laggard behavior of setting, extracts the fruit near branch taper, pinches hair loss educate bad fruit grain and sick fruit with hand, retains healthy and strong supermature kind fruit.
Headkerchief excrement in autumn freeze-up front every 667m in the winter time in step (8)
2can impose 200 kilograms of fertilizer 2000～2500kg ，Huo rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizers.
Radix Glycyrrhizae is reserved seed for planting and is 30 years, and the environment of initial selection of land and planting density pattern are the keys that guarantees to continue seed collecting, and meanwhile, the field management technology that guarantees seed plumpness, maturity and good quality and high output is the key that seed is produced.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention discloses a kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality, make to produce seed used and reach production standard requirement.
(2) the invention discloses and set up the seed field that meets the fertility time limit, guarantee fully to blossom and bear fruit, assurance seed is produced.
(3) the present invention has overcome deficiency of the prior art, makes line-spacing, spacing in the rows obtain effective control, to obtain, continues for many years seed high yield.
(4) the invention discloses rational application of fertilizers, base fertilizer topdressed and combines with vegetative period, guaranteed balanced in nutritionly, and Accelerate bloom is beared fruit.
(5) the invention discloses and prevent Radix Glycyrrhizae bud too arid dry bud in spring, connect rainy day ponding minimizing flower and fall, guarantee the output of seed and watering and water drainage method of quality.
(6) the invention discloses the bio-chemical control of the primary pest of Radix Glycyrrhizae bean weevil, Glycyrrhiza Seeds chalcid fly harm seed development and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate are prevented and treated to method, effectively prevent that insect pest from causing that seed lowers, seed quality declines.
(7) the invention discloses and guarantee the survive the winter method of bud and bud safe overwintering of Radix Glycyrrhizae, can effectively improve survive the winter spring in next year bud and and florescence bud germination rate.
(8) the invention discloses by fruit picking roguing, the technology of reserving seed for planting from growing fine, healthy anosis Field of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, can guarantee seed purity effectively, improves seed quality.
(9) the present invention is simple, directly perceived, practical to the step of Glycyrrhiza Seeds breeding, and stock breeding program is workable, has opened up the approach of an artificial propagation Glycyrrhiza Seeds, and Radix Glycyrrhizae large-scale industrial is produced becomes possibility.
(10) the invention solves the contradiction that Glycyrrhiza Seeds relies on wild natural propagation natural resources shortage and market demand increasingly to increase.Solve the real contradiction that far can not meet need of production, can produce huge ecological benefits, economic benefit and social benefit.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Embodiment
A kind of method that improves Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality:
1, meet breeding time, reduce blasting
Radix Glycyrrhizae fertility will be experienced period of seedling establishment, branching stage, pregnant flower bud phase, flowering stage, productive phase, very long growing process of withered and yellow phase, Radix Glycyrrhizae is very strong to weather conditions adaptability, distribution is also very wide, but inflorescence can be caused by climatic factor impact in the process of growing that the abortion that opened flower can not result really produces, different regions fruiting rate difference is obvious.More than meeting frost-free season 130d, guarantee enough breeding times, can effectively reduce blasting.
2, restriction planting density, assurance seed production
By suitable density 3.0～4.0 ten thousand plant/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is about 3.0～4.0kg/ mu, and seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5～1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is about 1.5～2.0kg/ mu; Radix Glycyrrhizae is the perennial plant that repeatedly produces seeds, and reduces the overstocked nutrient competition that causes.Annual blossoming and having seeds of continuing after density appropriateness can guarantee, Radix Glycyrrhizae produces seeds the frequency that biennial bearing occurs, guarantees seed high and stable yields.
3, fertilizing management, the pregnant flower bud of assurance bloom
Whole ground and growth fertilising in early stage are only noted in the field of Radix Glycyrrhizae production in the past; In order to promote plant development, except in Radix Glycyrrhizae, emerge or turn green after fertilising, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase imposes urea in conjunction with irrigation, between breeding time, impose or spray in dikalium phosphate and boron, zinc, molybdenum etc., trace element simultaneously.
4, take precautions against drought water drainage, number guarantees to bloom
Prevent undue arid, annual 3-4 month in spring spring, prevent the dry bud of Radix Glycyrrhizae bud, according to damage caused by a drought, note watering, guarantee the normal growth of rudiment and cauline leaf.Waterlogging meeting causes flower to fall, thereby affects output and the quality of seed.Connect rainy day ponding for this reason and will note water drainage.
5, artificial supplementary pollination, adopts the pollinating process of putting the auxiliary Radix Glycyrrhizae of honeybee mode.
6, control excessive growth, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity
Because Radix Glycyrrhizae mid or late June blooms from bottom to top successively, seed is ripe successively 8～September.In 7～August of flower thinning time, at inflorescence, having 1/2nd, little the flowers are in blossom while putting.Extract the flower near branch taper, stay the flower on branch top, the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spending are all pinched and are removed, and the inflorescence that nutriment centralizedly supply is retained, can obtain large and full seed like this.8～September of fruit thinning time, suitable with the laggard behavior of setting.Extract the fruit near branch taper, with hand, pinch hair loss and educate bad fruit grain and some sick fruits, retain healthy and strong supermature kinds fruit, make fruit more greatly, more neat, can obtain large and full seed like this.
7, pest control, raising seed quality
There is for 1 generation in 1 year in Radix Glycyrrhizae bean weevil, with larva, in Glycyrrhiza Seeds, survives the winter, and late May starts to sprout wings, and mainly takes food the Glycyrrhiza Seeds of storage period, beans eaten into into empty not plump.Glycyrrhiza Seeds chalcid fly Adult worms producting eggs is on the kind skin of Chinese olive phase, and after larva hatching, moth is eaten seed, and pupates in seed, and after adult eclosion, stinging breaks in the seed coat escapes from, and the seed of being injured is eaten hollow, very large on seed production impact.Mid or late June to early August yields positive results the phase, prevents insect pest, carries out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control, prevents that insect pest from causing seed attenuating, seed quality to decline.
8, survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage
The main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and the horizontal stem of walking form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, guarantee safe overwintering, and the bud of surviving the winter should be at soil layer 2～5cm place.Do not basset, the area that dust storm is large, note suitable ridging, autumn headkerchief excrement.Freeze-up front every 667m in the winter time
2can impose 200 kilograms of fertilizer 2000～2500kg or rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizers.Effectively promote bud normal differentiation, improve germination rate in next year.
9, seed purity is collected seed, is guaranteed in mixed choosing
The time limit of live seed field will be controlled at and be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and seed comparative maturity is full, and commodity is good.From growing fine, healthy anosis Field of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, selecting the healthy Radix Glycyrrhizae that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy is plant left to run to seed, early August fructescence, when seed is brown by blue-stain in pod, enter fixed slurry and gather during mid-term; One or many fruit picking, due to Radix Glycyrrhizae be self-pollinated plant, by fruit picking roguing, select excellent reserving seed for planting, can effectively guarantee seed purity, improve seed quality.
Seed collection: in the stock breeding field of good seed field or the measure of process flower and fruit thinning.Selection is not less than 4 years healthy and strong plant of life, full, without the fruit of insect pest, removes and mixes plant, with reaping hook manual operations, the liquorice fruit under adopting is held with basket.Cut off pod, dry, roll, use stone crushed fruit, take out seed, then after drying, hang and hide indoor seasoning ventilation, selection by winnowing is planted only, and degree of purity requires more than 98%, and seed collection should be down to moisture below 11%～14%, pack bag weaved after insect-prevention treatment into, leave in the warehouse of protection against the tide, lucifuge, ventilation.
Claims (7)
1. improve a method for Glycyrrhiza Seeds output and quality, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1) set up the seed field that meets the fertility time limit, guarantee fully to blossom and bear fruit, assurance seed is produced;
(2) restriction planting density, assurance seed production: by density 3.0～4.0 ten thousand plant/acre of keeping a full stand of seedings, seed consumption is 3.0～4.0kg/ mu; Seedling number is stayed in the final singling of Radix Glycyrrhizae seed field planting density, and with 1.5～1.8 ten thousand plants/acre, seed consumption is 1.5～2.0kg/ mu;
(3) fertilizing management, guarantee that pregnant flower bud blooms: except in Radix Glycyrrhizae, emerge or turn green after fertilising, before noting buddingging, the pregnant flower bud phase is in conjunction with irrigating dressing fertilizer simultaneously;
(4) take precautions against drought water drainage, number guarantees to bloom: in annual 3-4 month in spring, note watering; Connect rainy day ponding and will note water drainage;
(5) artificial supplementary pollination, adopts the pollinating process of putting honeybee or the auxiliary Radix Glycyrrhizae of manual type;
(6) control excessive growth, flower and fruit thinning, raising maturity: spray plant growth regulator, control growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, in 7 months, the last ten-days period spray plant growth regulator 2-3 time; 7～August of flower thinning time; 8～September of fruit thinning time;
(7) pest control, raising seed quality: mid or late June to early August yields positive results the phase, prevents insect pest, carry out bio-chemical control and mythimna separata lamp, insect-sticking plate control;
(8) survive the winter cold-proof, reduce Bud Cold Damage: the main root of Radix Glycyrrhizae and the horizontal stem of walking form in winter then survive the winter bud and bud, and the bud of surviving the winter should cover at soil layer 2～5cm place; Or the large area of dust storm, note suitable ridging; Or autumn headkerchief excrement;
(9) mixed choosing is collected seed, is guaranteed seed purity: the time limit of live seed field will be controlled at and be not less than in quadrennial seed field, and selecting the healthy Radix Glycyrrhizae that plant is tall and big, cane is sturdy, blade is thick, roomy is plant left to run to seed; Early August fructescence, one or many fruit picking, by fruit picking roguing, selects excellent reserving seed for planting.
2. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that meeting frost-free season more than 130 days in step (1), guarantee enough breeding times, can effectively reduce blasting.
3. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that dressing fertilizer is urea in step (3), or impose dikalium phosphate 2000g+urea 1500g+ borax 1000g, to water 400～500kg.
4. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that the plant growth regulator in step (6) is paclobutrazol PP333, chlormequat or compound sodium nitrophenolate.
5. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that in step (6) at inflorescence, having 1/2nd by flower thinning, little the flowers are in blossom while putting, extract the flower near branch taper, stay the flower on branch top, the sick and weak flower in inflorescence and scattered spending are all pinched and are removed.
6. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that fruit thinning is suitable with the laggard behavior of setting in step (6), extract the fruit near branch taper, with hand, pinch hair loss and educate bad fruit grain and sick fruit, retain healthy and strong supermature kind fruit.
7. according to the method for raising Glycyrrhiza Seeds output claimed in claim 1 and quality, it is characterized in that in step (8) headkerchief excrement in autumn freeze-up front every 667m in the winter time
2can impose 200 kilograms of fertilizer 2000～2500kg ，Huo rich phosphorus and potassium composite fertilizers.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN103814751A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-05-28 | 中国药材公司 | Cultivation method for improving maturing rate and yield of liquorice seeds |
| CN103988690A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds |
| CN105052506A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-11-18 | 新疆康隆科技股份有限公司 | Plantation method for improving liquorice seed quality |
| CN108617454A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-09 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of short Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed production methods of Desert Regions in situ conservation |
| CN109197021A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-15 | 河西学院 | A kind of Glycyrrhiza Seeds automatization processing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103814751A (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2014-05-28 | 中国药材公司 | Cultivation method for improving maturing rate and yield of liquorice seeds |
| CN103988690A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-20 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | Breeding method for shortening productive phase of licorice root seeds |
| CN103988690B (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2016-05-04 | 陇西稷丰种业有限责任公司 | A kind of mating system that shortens Glycyrrhiza Seeds productive phase |
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| CN108617454A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-10-09 | 甘肃省治沙研究所 | A kind of short Ammopiptanthus mongolicus seed production methods of Desert Regions in situ conservation |
| CN109197021A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-01-15 | 河西学院 | A kind of Glycyrrhiza Seeds automatization processing method |
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|---|---|
| CN103503677B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
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