JP2010115144A - Cultivation method for eustoma russellianum - Google Patents
Cultivation method for eustoma russellianum Download PDFInfo
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- JP2010115144A JP2010115144A JP2008290188A JP2008290188A JP2010115144A JP 2010115144 A JP2010115144 A JP 2010115144A JP 2008290188 A JP2008290188 A JP 2008290188A JP 2008290188 A JP2008290188 A JP 2008290188A JP 2010115144 A JP2010115144 A JP 2010115144A
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この発明はトルコギキョウの草丈や草姿、花蕾の位置や数等の点で品質を改善するための栽培方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a cultivation method for improving quality in terms of the height and shape of eustoma and the position and number of florets.
トルコギキョウは、一般的に秋播き1年生の草花であり、秋に播種すると、翌年の初夏に開花する。花芽分化・開花は、高温と長日条件下で促進される。そして発芽後、本葉が2〜3対展開するまで茎はほとんど伸長せず、この時期が生育環境に適した条件の場合には、本葉4対以降が展開し、茎が急速に伸長し始める。一方、高温など生育に適さない環境下では、本葉が4対以降も出葉は続くが、茎が伸長しないため、横方向に葉が広がった状態(以下、「ロゼット化」という。)となる。 Eustoma is generally a first year sowing plant in autumn, and when sown in autumn, it blooms in the early summer of the following year. Flower bud differentiation and flowering are promoted under high temperature and long day conditions. And after germination, stems hardly grow until 2-3 pairs of true leaves develop, and when this period is suitable for the growing environment, 4 pairs of true leaves develop and stems grow rapidly. start. On the other hand, under an environment that is not suitable for growth such as high temperatures, the leaves continue to emerge even after 4 pairs of true leaves, but the stems do not extend, so the leaves spread laterally (hereinafter referred to as “rosette”). Become.
トルコギキョウを10〜12月に出荷する(以下、「秋出し栽培」という。)ためには、育苗期が高温期であるため、上記のロゼット化が問題となり、通常の育苗方法では出荷が難しい。一般的には、「冷房育苗」(茎伸長を開始する生育ステージまで高温に当てずに育てる育苗方法)や「苗冷蔵」(高温下で育苗した苗を低温処理し、ロゼットを打破する育苗方法)が行われている。 In order to ship eustoma in October-December (hereinafter referred to as “autumn cultivation”), since the seedling season is a high temperature season, the above-mentioned rosette formation becomes a problem, and it is difficult to ship by the usual seedling method. In general, "cooling seedling" (a seedling method that grows without being exposed to high temperatures until the growth stage where stem elongation begins) or "seedling cold storage" (a seedling method that breaks down rosettes by low-temperature treatment of seedlings grown under high temperature) ) Is done.
例えば特許文献1に示す技術では、播種時期を5月初旬頃に行いロゼット苗になる前である6月初旬から9月頃まで100日以上0〜8℃で低温処理(保存)を継続した後に定植する方法が知られている。
その他播種直後から吸水した状態で冷蔵する吸水種子低温処理法(又は種子冷蔵)によりロゼット化を回避し、秋出し栽培(出荷)を実施している。
In addition, rosette formation is avoided by the water-absorbing seed low-temperature treatment method (or seed refrigeration) in which water is refrigerated immediately after sowing, and autumn cultivation (shipment) is carried out.
しかしながら、上記特許文献1等の「冷房育苗」や「苗冷蔵」には、冷房可能な育苗施設や照明付き冷蔵庫が必要となり、本作型の普及拡大を妨げる要因となっている。
一方、種子冷蔵は、照明等の新たな附帯設備も必要としないため、JA等が所有する既存の冷蔵施設(予冷庫等)が活用でき、多くの生産者が取り組めるが、種子冷蔵だけでは、定植後の高温の影響を受けやすく、草丈や分枝の確保が難しく、低位置での着蕾が多いほか全体としてボリューム感も乏しく、花蕾数も減少する。
以上のような事情から、種子冷蔵による秋出し栽培において、草姿改善・品質向上技術の開発が重要な課題である。
However, the “cooling nursery seedling” and “seedling refrigeration” disclosed in
On the other hand, since seed refrigeration does not require new incidental facilities such as lighting, existing refrigeration facilities owned by JA, etc. (pre-cooled refrigeration etc.) can be utilized, and many producers can work on it. It is easily affected by the high temperature after planting, it is difficult to secure the plant height and branches, there are many buds at low positions, the overall volume is poor, and the number of florets is reduced.
In view of the above circumstances, the development of grass shape improvement / quality improvement technology is an important issue in autumn-grown cultivation with seed refrigeration.
上記課題を解決するための本発明の方法は、第1に播種後に所定期間種子冷蔵を行った後に定植し、植物体が栄養生長から生殖生長に移行した後、主枝及び分枝を花芽を形成した部分より下位部分より切り戻すことにより再度栄養生長を促すとともに、上記切り下部分から分枝を発生・伸長させ、新たに発生させた分枝に花蕾を形成させることを特徴としている。 In the method of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems, firstly, seed refrigeration is carried out after seed refrigeration for a predetermined period after sowing, and after the plant body shifts from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the main branches and branches are budded with flower buds. It is characterized in that vegetative growth is promoted again by cutting back from a lower part than the formed part, and branches are generated and elongated from the cut-down part, and a flower bud is formed on the newly generated branch.
第2に、播種時期を4月下旬〜6月中旬とし、種子冷蔵期間を30〜40日間として10月以後に採取することを特徴としている。 Secondly, the seeding period is from late April to mid-June, and the seed refrigeration period is 30 to 40 days.
第3に、切り戻し時期を定植後2ヶ月前後に行うことを特徴としている。 Third, the cutback time is about 2 months after planting.
第4に、生殖生長に移行した後、主枝の低節位で花芽を形成し又はさらに開花を開始したすべての主枝及び分枝を切り揃えることにより切り戻しを行うことを特徴としている。 Fourth, after the transition to reproductive growth, cutback is performed by forming all the main branches and branches that have formed flower buds at the low-node position of the main branch or have started flowering.
第5に、栄養生長から生殖生長への移行時期に近接した時期以後植物体に対して電照,保温,施肥を行い、草丈の伸長及び花蕾数の増加を促すことを特徴としている。 Fifth, it is characterized in that after the period close to the transition period from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the plant body is illuminated, kept warm, and fertilized to promote the growth of plant height and the number of florets.
以上のように構成される本発明の方法によれば、トルコギキョウのロゼット化を防止して、需要が多い10〜1月であっても草丈や花蕾数,草姿の改善等の面で高品質なトルコギキョウを多量に出荷することができ、出荷期間の拡大が実現できるほか、トルコギキョウの栽培農家にとっての収益性の向上が可能となる。 According to the method of the present invention configured as described above, it is possible to prevent the formation of rosettes of eustoma and to have high quality in terms of improvement in plant height, the number of florets, and the appearance of plants even in high demand October to January. In addition to being able to ship a large amount of Eustoma grandiflorum, the shipping period can be extended and the profitability for eustoma growers can be improved.
また従来の冷房育苗や苗冷蔵に比して、冷房可能な育苗施設や照明付冷蔵庫を必ずしも必要とせず、冷房期間及びそのための管理期間も短縮できるほか、種子冷蔵のみの場合のように定植後の高温の影響を受けることもなく草丈や分枝の確保、花蕾の減少防止が可能となる利点がある。さらに種子冷蔵の処理効果の不安定さや定植時期を遅らせる際の困難性といった問題も発生しない。 Compared to conventional cooling seedlings and seedling refrigeration, it is not always necessary to have a seedling facility that can be cooled or a refrigerator with lighting, the cooling period and the management period for it can be shortened, and after planting as in the case of seed refrigeration only There is an advantage that the plant height and branches can be secured and the florets can be prevented from being reduced without being affected by the high temperature of the plant. Furthermore, problems such as instability in the effect of seed refrigeration and difficulty in delaying the planting time do not occur.
以下本発明の実施形態につき詳述すると、図1は本発明の1実施例を示す播種から出荷までの作業工程を示すダイヤグラムで、図2は播種から定植までの工程を示すイメージ図である。
図示する例では5月中旬頃に従来公知の播種用のトレイ1に床土2を適宜深さ敷き詰めたものに播種を行い、所定の含水状態にして上記トレイ1を重ね合わせ、乾燥を防止するためにシート等で被覆した状態で約5〜10℃の低温下で約1ヶ月間(6月中旬頃迄)種子冷蔵を行う。この種子冷蔵によりロゼット化が防止される。上記トレイ1内は取外し又は分離可能な多数のセル(ポット)4に区切られており、播種はそのセル(ポット)4内に行われる。
Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an operation process from seeding to shipping showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an image diagram showing a process from seeding to planting.
In the example shown in the drawing, seeding is carried out on a conventionally known sowing
次いで常温下で灌水その他の管理を行うことによって発芽し、植物体3が形成される。植物体3は発芽後子葉のままで成長するが、約1ヶ月間(7月中旬頃迄)育成することにより、子葉が横方向に出た状態で成長し草丈は殆ど伸びない。
Subsequently, germination is performed by performing irrigation and other management at room temperature, and the
上記育苗により植物体(苗)3が子葉のまま成長した7月中旬頃に上記ポット4とともに(苗の直植も可能)ビニールハウス内に形成された圃場に移植され、以後必要に応じ灌水,温度調整,電照等を施しながら育成管理する。この育成は約2ヶ月間(9月中旬頃迄)継続され、植物体3は概ね60〜70cm程度まで成長し、種子植物が発芽後葉や茎等の栄養器官だけを分化・形成する栄養生長から、生殖器官を分化・形成し、開花・結実までの一連の過程である生殖生長期に入る。
Around the middle of July when the plant body (seedling) 3 grew as a cotyledon by the above seedling, it was transplanted to the field formed in the greenhouse together with the pot 4 (direct planting of seedlings), and then watered as necessary. Raise and manage while adjusting temperature and lighting. This growth is continued for about 2 months (until mid-September), and the
上記育成期間が経過すると、植物体3は図3(A),(B)に示すように主枝3aに対して側枝3bが1本の場合と2本(複数本)の場合があるが、その端部や途中に花芽又は蕾が形成される。
この例では9月中旬には生殖生長期に移行しており、各側枝(主枝、分枝)には花芽や花蕾あるいは開花を開始した蕾が形成されている。
When the growing period elapses, the
In this example, in mid-September, the period of reproductive growth is reached, and each side branch (main branch, branch) is formed with flower buds, flower buds, or buds that have started flowering.
本発明ではこの着蕾時期に前記主枝3a,側枝3bの花芽を形成した部分より下方位置(概ね地表面から25〜45cm高さの位置)の一定高さ部分より切り揃える(例えば20〜30cm位を切り除く)ことにより切り戻しを行う。この切り戻しは、一般の公知技術である生長点周辺部のみを除去する摘芯とは異なり、植物体上位部(生長点周辺部のみならず、植物体の上位部の花蕾・開花部・茎葉を含む。)を除去するものである。また、切り戻し時期は、出荷時期から遡り、品種間格差もあるが出荷開始時期の概ね2ヶ月〜数ヶ月前とする。
In the present invention, it is cut out from a constant height portion (for example, 20 to 30 cm) at a position below the portion where the flower buds of the
上記切り戻しは植物体の生殖生長と止めて切り戻し位置からの新たな発芽をさせ、再度栄養生長をさせるためであり、切り戻し位置を揃えるのは新芽が成長して出来る新枝を揃え、全体としての草姿を整えるためである。 The above cutback is to stop the reproductive growth of the plant body and cause new germination from the cutback position to cause vegetative growth again.The cutback position is aligned with the new branches that are formed by the growth of new shoots. It is for arranging the grass figure as.
図4は上記のように切り戻しされて成長した場合と切り戻しを行わずに在来方法で成長させた場合のトルコギキョウのイメージ図であり、切り戻した本発明のものは側枝3bからさらに分枝した多くの花枝3cが形成されて着蕾(6)しているのに対し、切り戻ししないものは発生する側枝3bが少なく蕾6の数も少ない状態を示している。このように本発明方法によれば生殖生長開始後の近接時期に花芽や蕾6が形成された部分を残さず、その下方位置で枝先側を切除することにより、最終的に花数も多く草丈も大きく(約90〜100cm)且つ草姿も優れたものになる。
FIG. 4 is an image diagram of Eustoma grandiflorum when it is grown back by the above-described method and when it is grown by the conventional method without performing the switch-back method. While
なお、この発明においても播種以後の生育状況,灌水,施肥等の管理は各作業の時期や期間、タイミングを含め気候の変動やトルコギキョウの品種の違い等に応じて適宜変更されるが、特に切り戻し後は、植物体3の栄養生長を再開させて側枝の発生や側枝からの分枝及びこれらの成長と着蕾を促すためには、必要に応じ適時な施肥を行うほか、電照を施す等の対応が求められる。
In the present invention, the management of growth conditions, irrigation, fertilization, etc. after sowing is appropriately changed according to climate change and eustoma varieties, including the timing, period, and timing of each work. After returning, in order to resume the vegetative growth of the
また上記実施例では秋出し栽培として5月中旬に播種し、11月中旬に出荷した例を示したが、例えば1月に出荷時期をずらすためには、播種時期を後方にずらし、早める時には前方に(例えば4月中旬〜6月中旬のように)ずらす等の変更は可能であるが、作業の季節を大きく外れるのを防止するためには、採取時期前にビニールハウス等の温度管理を調節して出荷をコントロールする等の方法が可能である。 Further, in the above-described embodiment, an example was shown in which seeding was started in mid-May and shipped in mid-November as autumn cropping cultivation. (For example, from mid-April to mid-June) can be changed, but to prevent the work season from deviating significantly, the temperature management of the greenhouse, etc. should be adjusted before the collection time. Thus, it is possible to control the shipment.
1 トレイ
2 床土
3 植物体
3a 主枝
3b 分枝
3c 花枝
4 ポット
6 蕾
1
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102132660A (en) * | 2010-12-25 | 2011-07-27 | 河南科技大学 | Method for retarding culturing refrigeration of tree peony |
CN103081675A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-05-08 | 云南瑞园花卉产业有限公司 | Method of cultivating eustoma grandiflorum flowering plant seedlings |
CN103503677A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2014-01-15 | 大连绿波白城甘草科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds |
JP2014121303A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Oita Prefecture | Eustoma grandiflorum |
CN112273162A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-01-29 | 高歌 | Semi-wild cultivation method of ophicalcitum |
CN115088489A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-23 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Eustoma russellianum vegetative propagation seedling method |
CN115997676A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-25 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method of white loquat and method for shortening childhood |
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JPH09191761A (en) * | 1996-01-16 | 1997-07-29 | Yasuaki Nakamura | Cultivation of eustoma russellianum g. don and apparatus therefor |
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JPH0937646A (en) * | 1995-07-29 | 1997-02-10 | Takagi Ind Co Ltd | Culture of tomato |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102132660A (en) * | 2010-12-25 | 2011-07-27 | 河南科技大学 | Method for retarding culturing refrigeration of tree peony |
JP2014121303A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-07-03 | Oita Prefecture | Eustoma grandiflorum |
CN103081675A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-05-08 | 云南瑞园花卉产业有限公司 | Method of cultivating eustoma grandiflorum flowering plant seedlings |
CN103503677A (en) * | 2013-09-07 | 2014-01-15 | 大连绿波白城甘草科技开发有限公司 | Method for improving productivity and quality of liquorice seeds |
CN112273162A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-01-29 | 高歌 | Semi-wild cultivation method of ophicalcitum |
CN115088489A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-23 | 云南省农业科学院花卉研究所 | Eustoma russellianum vegetative propagation seedling method |
CN115997676A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-25 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Breeding method of white loquat and method for shortening childhood |
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