JPH0937646A - Culture of tomato - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To efficiently carry out culture of tomato and increase percentage of rootage of the seedling and carry out uniformity of growth and plan harvesting period of fruit by forming a film due to resinous liquid on the cut face of stem of an axillary bud, inserting the axillary bud into a culture medium, growing the seedling and efficiently carrying out culture of tomato. SOLUTION: An axillary bud having flower bud is separated from grown seedlings and a film due to a resinous liquid is formed on the cutting face of stem of the axillary bud and the axillary bud is inserted into a culture medium to grow the seedlings or the cut face side of the stem of the axillary bud is retained in the culture liquid to root the stem and the seedling is grown to culture tomato. Furthermore, the film is preferably formed by air-drying resinous liquid which the axillary bud has by drying the axillary bud in shade.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for cultivating tomatoes by harvesting fruits by raising seedlings by cutting with axillary buds as cuttings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are various types of tomato cultivation such as open field cultivation, hydroponic cultivation, and hydroponic cultivation. Field cultivation is a method of cultivating with soil as a medium, hydroponics is a method of cultivating with water as a medium, and hydroponics is cultivated by planting seedlings in a medium such as rock wool and supplying a nutrient solution. Is the way.

Whichever cultivation method is used, seeds are sown in a medium, germinated and rooted by giving appropriate water, and 55 to 60 days after seeding, at the time when the flower buds of the first inflorescence bloom. The seedlings are planted. By pinching the main branch above the third inflorescence at the time when the third inflorescence of this seedling blooms,
Suppress vegetative growth of seedlings and promote fruit development.
After this growing period, mature fruits can be harvested at a time of 110 to 120 days after sowing.

In such tomato cultivation, the period until the flower buds of the first inflorescence are differentiated is called the vegetative growth period, and the period after the flower buds are differentiated is called the reproductive growth stage. The plant height at planting is 60
It reaches up to 80 cm.

[0005]

By the way, in cultivation in which seedlings are grown through such seeding and planting, and fruits are harvested from the seedlings, the characteristics of individual seedlings are plant height, cultivation period, and fruit harvesting. And so on. For this reason, select good-quality seedlings that have germinated after sowing, and select seedlings that are in good growth condition even when planted and have equal plant height. In that case, the stem diameter is also one of the quality judgments.

[0006] However, even if the seedlings are grown in the same growth condition at the time of selection, the growth environment and environmental adaptability after that have a great influence on the growth, resulting in uneven plant height and fruit harvest, resulting in planned harvesting and uniform fruit harvesting. Making it difficult.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating tomatoes that realizes uniform growth and planned fruit harvest time.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for cultivating tomatoes of the present invention is to grow seedlings for fruit harvesting by cutting the axillary buds (31) or holding the stems in a culture solution. It is characterized by doing.

That is, according to the present invention as set forth in claim 1, as shown in FIG. 1, an axillary bud (31) having a flower bud is separated from a grown seedling (200), and a cut surface of the stem (310) of the axillary bud. After forming a film (314) of sap on (312), this axillary bud (31) was cut into a medium (40) and seedlings (2)
0) is grown.

Further, the present invention according to claim 2 separates an axillary bud (31) having a flower bud from the grown seedling (200),
After forming a film (314) of sap on the cut surface (312) of the stem (310) of the axillary bud (31), the cut surface (312) side of the stem of the axillary bud (31) is held in the culture solution. The feature is that the seedlings are grown by letting them take root.

In the present invention according to claim 3, the axillary bud (31) having a flower bud is cut off from the first seedling (200) grown by sowing or cutting, and the stem (31) of this axillary bud (31) is cut off.
After forming a film (314) of sap on the cut surface (312) of 0), this axillary bud (31) is cut into a medium (40), or the stem is held in a culture solution to give a second seedling. It is characterized in that it is grown and fruits are harvested from the second seedling and the first seedling.

The present invention according to claim 4 defines a method for forming a film (314),
The film is formed by air-drying the sap possessed by the axillary bud by drying the axillary bud in the shade.

The present invention according to claim 5 is a method of rooting with a medium (40).

[0014]

[Operation] In this tomato cultivation method, seedlings for axillary bud collection are cultivated. This seedling may be a fruit-harvesting seedling, or a tomato seedling may be grown to mature by sowing or cutting. Due to the characteristics of tomato, axillary buds with flower buds always grow on this seedling in the process of reaching adult trees. Therefore,
Separate the axillary buds that should be cut from this seedling. When the axillary bud is separated from the mature tree, sap oozes out on the cut surface of the stem, and a film of this sap is formed on the cut surface of the axillary stalk.
The axillary buds on which the film is formed are cut into a medium, or a culture solution such as water is attached with a stem to root the seedlings to grow seedlings for harvesting fruits. This seedling undergoes pinching and the like in the same manner as in the conventional method of growing from sowing, and after reproductive growth, comes to the time of fruit harvest. Here, cutting is a plant asexual breeding method, which is a method of cutting off a stem of a plant such as an axillary bud and generating an adventitious root from the stem to form a new strain. That is, this cultivation method is
It can be used for hydroponics using a culture medium, hydroponics using a culture liquid such as water.

When seedlings are grown using such cuttings as a medium, uneven seed quality can be avoided as compared with seedlings that have been sown and planted, and as a result, the growth condition is uniform and even fruit is harvested. Common growing period. In addition, the fruit harvesting period can be made uniform, fruit can be harvested systematically, and the fruit quality is good and homogenous fruit can be harvested.

The seedlings can be formed by sowing or cutting. Therefore, the cultivation method according to claim 3 separates axillary buds having flower buds from the first seedlings grown by sowing or cutting, and after forming a film with sap on the cut surface of the stems of the axillary buds, the axillary buds are formed. The fruit can be harvested from the second seedling and the first seedling by cutting the seedlings into a medium and growing the second seedling.

Also, in this cultivation, the axillary buds collected from the adult tree are air-dried by shade drying,
A film can be formed on the cut surface. It has been confirmed that when the axillary buds having a film formed by air-drying in this way are cut, the survival rate is high.

The axillary bud cutting may be performed in water or in a medium, and a good survival rate can be obtained.

[0019]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first method of cultivating tomato according to the present invention.
7 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a first seedling is grown from seeding, and an axillary bud of the first seedling is collected and cut to grow a second seedling.
Harvest the fruits.

In step S1, the first seedling is cultivated, for example, by hydroponics. This hydroponics is a cultivation method in which water or a nutrient solution is circulated in a medium made of rock wool or the like as a means for holding the roots of the plant to supply appropriate moisture or nutrients to the cultivated plant. Cultivation of the seedlings of this embodiment takes the cultivation pattern shown in FIG. 2, and in this embodiment, fruits are also harvested from this seedling. In the cultivation of this seedling, seeding is carried out in a medium, and if it exceeds 10 days from the seeding, the cotyledon develops through rooting and germination. Then, 1 leaf and 2 leaves are developed and, 20 days after sowing, flower buds are differentiated. The first inflorescence differentiates, and in the process from seeding to 20 days to 30 days, 3 and 4 leaves develop, and the second inflorescence differentiates. And, in a favorable growth state, when 30 days or more and 40 days after sowing, development of 5 and 6 leaves, differentiation of third flower cluster, and 40 or more days and 50 days after sowing
Expansion of leaves and 8 leaves, differentiation of the fourth inflorescence was seen, then
From 50 days after sowing to 60 days, expansion of 9 and 10 leaves and flowering of the first inflorescence are observed. Also, in the process of over 60 days and 70 days after sowing, the development of 11 and 12 leaves, the flowering of the second inflorescence, and over 70 days after sowing, 80
During the course of the day, the development of 13 and 14 leaves and the flowering of the third inflorescence can be seen. And over 80 days after sowing, 9
In the period up to day 0, 15 and 16 leaves are developed.

After such differentiation of the first to fourth inflorescences, the flowering of the first to third inflorescences indicates the state of transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth for fruit attachment. Then, when the flowering of the first inflorescence is performed, the seedlings are planted in a medium for producing fruits from the medium as a seedbed. So-called seedling replanting. From such planting, the seedlings transition to reproductive growth, and the flowering of the first inflorescence to the flowering of the second and third inflorescences is reached. Usually, the harvest period of fruits, harvest efficiency,
Considering the quality and the like, plucking is performed after the third inflorescence has bloomed, that is, 80 days to 90 days after sowing. This plucking is the third
The growth of seedlings is forcibly stopped by leaving the flower cluster and cutting the tip. As a result, the reproductive growth of the seedling becomes remarkable.

In this seedling, more than 50 days after sowing,
The period up to 85 days is a period for growing axillary buds of Sections 8 to 12, and the period from planting to pinching is set as the axillary bud collection time.

FIG. 3 shows the growing condition of this seedling.
200 tomato seedlings 200 grown from seeding and planted regularly are planted in the medium 100, where 0 is a cotyledon, 1 is 1 leaf,
2 has 2 leaves, 3 has 3 leaves, 4 has 4 leaves, 5 has 5 leaves, 6 has 6 leaves,
7 is 7 leaves, 8 is 8 leaves, 9 is 9 leaves, 10 is 10 leaves, 11 is 11 leaves, 12 is 12 leaves, 13 is 13 leaves, 14 is 14 leaves,
Reference numeral 21 indicates the first inflorescence, 22 indicates the second inflorescence, 23 indicates the third inflorescence, and 31, 32, 33, ... Are axillary buds. Axillary buds 31 to be used for cutting are formed between 8 leaves and the stem 30, axillary buds 32 are formed between 9 leaves and the stem 30, and axillary buds 33 are formed between 10 leaves and the stem 30. ing.

In this embodiment, the first seedlings are used not only as seedlings for collecting axillary buds but also as seedlings for fruit harvesting, and when 120 days have passed since the seeding, the harvesting time of fruits is entered. When smooth growth is expected, the harvest period is 35 days after plucking. Then, this harvest period lasts for about 20 days, and the harvest of fruits is completed.

Next, in step S2, the grower determines whether or not the seedling has axillary buds. That is, the transition of seedlings at the time of axillary bud collection in FIG.
If 0 days are set and a favorable nutritional condition is obtained, axillary buds, which are cuttings suitable for harvesting, are growing on the seedlings during this period. Next, in step S3, the presence or absence of flower buds in the axillary buds, that is, the presence or absence of the first inflorescence is determined. This is an axillary bud condition suitable for cutting.

In step S4, the axillary bud 31 as shown in FIG. 4 is collected by cutting the axillary bud 31 from the seedling 200 shown in FIG. Uniform bushes are selected, for example, grouped according to grade and bundled.

Then, in step S5, the axillary buds 31 are shade-dried as the second seedlings, and the end faces of the stems are air-dried. In this case, the sap exudes on the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 of the axillary bud 31 and the leaves 313 and the like are wilted as shown in FIG. 5, but a film 314 is formed by air drying. Air drying is performed in the shade for about 2 hours.

Next, in step S6, as shown in FIG. 6, the axillary buds 31 are cut into a medium 40 made of rock wool or the like, and water is supplied as a cultivation liquid to make them live. Figure 7
Indicates a state in which the root 315 has grown from the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 of the axillary bud 31 in the medium 40, that is, a rooting state from the axillary bud 31. Film 314 on cut surface 312 of stem 310
Prevents corrosion of the stem 310 and promotes rooting.

In step S7, the cut axillary buds 31 are grown as seedlings, and vegetative growth is promoted by supplying a nutrient solution.
FIG. 8 shows an active rooting state from the medium 40,
In this state, the medium 40 is formed with the recess 44 formed in the main medium 42.
To promote the growth of seedlings composed of axillary buds 31.

In step S8, fixed planting is performed, and then step S
In No. 9, vegetative growth is performed. FIG. 9 shows a fixed planting state. Columns 81, 82 ..., 9 forming a plurality of two rows
1, 92 ... and these columns 81, 82 ... and column 9
The cultivation bench 100 supported by a horizontal bar 80 bridged between 1, 92, ... Has a bottom plate 102 extending in the longitudinal direction and side plates 104, 106 provided in a trough shape. A groove 108 is formed on the side plate 106 side. Struts 81, 8 in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bench 100
2 ... has a guide rope 110, columns 91, 92 ...
A guide rope 112 is stretched over. Bottom plate 102
The slab 120 is made of rock wool or the like and has a band shape.
Is installed, and a plurality of rectangular main culture media 42 are installed in an array on the slab 120. Each main medium 42
A seedling 310 grown from the axillary bud 31 is planted in the plant. Further, in step S9, tomatoes are grown on the cultivation bench in FIG. 9 and the nutrient solution is intermittently supplied to promote the growth.

In step S10, plucking is performed, and in step S11, reproductive growth of seedlings is promoted. as a result,
Although the seedling 310 grows into a mature tree, as shown in FIG. 10, guide ropes 116 and 117 between the posts 81, 82 ..., 91, 92 ... The ropes 116 and 117 are vertically grown as a means for attracting the extending direction of the tomato. In this embodiment, those extending upward are the upper guide ropes 116, 1
The one that ties the stem to the 17 side and extends it downward is the guide rope 1.
The stem is hung depending on the weight of the fruit by being attracted below 10 and 112. After plucking, the new axillary buds are picked and fruit harvested to promote reproductive growth. In this way, the tomato stems are alternately attracted in the vertical direction to produce fruits, which facilitates fruit picking at the time of harvest and facilitates management of the developing state of the fruits, as well as exposure to sunlight. It can be made uniform. In short, it is possible to facilitate fruit picking work as well as fruit harvesting with uniform quality.

Next, FIG. 11 shows a state of cultivation by cutting axillary buds 31. The axillary bud 31 suitable for cutting has the first
The third inflorescence has been differentiated in an independent form separate from the seedlings, and three leaves have been developed. In the process from the cutting to the 10th day, the differentiation of the fourth inflorescence is observed with the development of 4 and 5 leaves. In the process from the 10th to the 20th, the development of 6 and 7 leaves and the flowering of the first inflorescence can be seen. At this time,
The seedlings are planted in the medium. As a guideline for this planting, 20 days from cutting, and in the case of cultivation from sowing shown in FIG. 2, 60 days were required from sowing, whereas it can be done in only 20 days.

After this planting, in the period from cutting to 30 days, the development of 8 and 9 leaves and the flowering of the second inflorescence can be seen. Next, after 30 days from cutting, the development of 10 and 11 leaves and the flowering of the third inflorescence are observed in a period of 40 days. As with the case of sowing, this third inflorescence does not require any further vegetative growth in consideration of the harvesting period, quality and the like of the fruit. Therefore, 45 days after cutting, the plucking is performed after the flowering of the third flower cluster is completed. From this point, the seedlings with the axillary buds 31 enter into reproductive growth. In the period up to 50 days after plucking, the development of 12 and 13 leaves was observed, and after the period of vegetative growth, about 70 days after cutting, the fruit harvest period started. In the case of sowing, it took 120 days from sowing to reach the harvest period, whereas it was only 70 days after cutting, which was a short period. It can be seen that in this embodiment, a harvest period of about 15 days is obtained.

Thus, the axillary buds are grown as seedlings,
Plucking with the aim of flowering in the flower cluster enables harvesting of fruits in a short time after cutting. Moreover, when cutting the axillary buds 31, the axillary buds collected from the parent are air-dried and the cut surface 312 of the stem 310 is protected by drying its sap to form a film, thereby promoting rooting and rooting. The rate can be increased.

The axillary buds may be collected as the second seedlings from the seedlings in which the axillary buds 31 are grown on an adult tree. In that case,
The period from planting to plucking is the axillary bud collection time.

Next, FIG. 12 shows a second embodiment of the method for cultivating tomato according to the present invention. In this flowchart, in comparison with the cultivation method shown in FIG. 1, axillary buds generated in the process from planting to plucking are collected from tomatoes that have grown into mature trees by cutting and the fruits are harvested by cutting them. . As shown in FIG. 11, in the process from step S8 to step S10 of a tomato grown from cuttings, the process proceeds to step S13 and axillary buds are collected and selected. That is,
In the process from step S13 to step S21, new seedlings are grown from axillary buds and fruits are harvested in the same process as steps S4 to S12.

Next, FIG. 13 shows a tomato cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention. The above-mentioned cultivation method is applied to a plurality of cultivation benches, because the seedlings from which the axillary buds to be cut are collected may be sowed or grown. In this system, as a plurality of cultivation benches, for example, four sets of cultivation benches 5A, 5B,
5C and 5D are installed, these are provided with a medium such as rock wool, and water or a nutrient solution is circulated or supplied from the nutrient solution supply system 50 as a culture solution. Then, the tomatoes are grown on the cultivation bench 5A by sowing or cutting, and the cuttings are planted on the cultivation bench 5B in which the axillary buds generated from the tomato are collected. When the tomatoes grown on this cultivation bench 5B are from planting to plucking, axillary buds are collected and these are grown on the cultivation bench 5C.
Cut into. Arrows X1, X2, X3, X4 ...
The operation of axillary bud collection, air-drying and cutting is shown. Thus, continuous fruit harvesting can be obtained by harvesting fruits from cuttings on the plurality of cultivation benches 5A to 5D. The difference in the growing period between summer and winter can be achieved by increasing the number of cultivation benches so that the harvesting period can be continuous.

Next, FIG. 14 shows another cultivation system. In this cultivation system, a plurality of cultivation lanes 6
Multiple cultivation benches 6 in A, 6B, 6C and 6D respectively
1, 62 ... 65 are installed, and on the cultivation bench 61, the harvesting time 614 comes after sowing 610, fixed planting 612, plucking, and the like. Then, on the cultivation bench 61 side of the cultivation lane 6B, axillary buds are collected from the cultivation bench 62 side that has reached the time of plucking from planting, and the cutting 615 is performed on the cultivation bench 62 side of the cultivation lane 6A to obtain seedlings for harvesting. Let it grow. As described above, lanes 6A to 6D in the process from planting to pinching for the vacancy of the cultivation benches 61 to 65 between the lanes 6A to 6D.
Axillary buds are collected from the cultivation benches 61 to 65, and cuttings are made to grow seedlings. By repeating such mutual axillary bud collection, cutting and harvesting, tomatoes can be harvested throughout the year and high quality products can be provided to the market.

Next, FIG. 15 shows another tomato cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention. In this cultivation system, a nursery bed 7A and a plurality of cultivation beds 7B-7
D is installed, and a nutrient solution is supplied to these nursery beds 7A and cultivation beds 7B to 7D through a nutrient solution supply system 70. The nursery bed 7A raises seedlings for axillary bud collection, and the cultivation beds 7B to 7D raise seedlings for fruit harvesting. The arrow 72 indicates the supply of cuttings from axillary bud collection. In this embodiment, the seedlings can be grown independently from the seedlings for harvesting, and the management of the seedlings for axillary bud collection can be facilitated.

In the above embodiment, the hydroponic culture was mainly described, but the same cultivation method is carried out by keeping the axillary stalks in the cultivation bench in the same manner as cuttings and supplying the cultivation liquid such as water. , Fruit can be harvested as in cuttings.

[0042]

[Examples] Axillary buds were collected from seedlings, and the cutting surface of the stem of the axillary buds was subjected to cutting by comparing the air-dried ones with the ones not air-dried. In that case, it has been confirmed that sap exudes from the cut surface of the axillary bud stems, if not air-dried, which causes the stems to rot and die in the medium. Therefore, there is a problem that the survival rate is low even if cutting is performed.

On the other hand, in the air-dried axillary bud, the sap is dried on the cut surface of the stem to form a film, and this film serves as a protective film to prevent the propagation and invasion of putrefactive bacteria. Although air-drying will kill the axillary buds over a long period of time, although wilting can be confirmed by drying in the shade for about 2 hours, it is only regenerated by water, and the formation of a protective film by air-drying results in the cutting of the axillary buds. It was confirmed that the survival rate was increased.

The seedlings grown by cutting axillary buds are
The length of axillary buds, how the leaves grow, the thickness of the stem, etc. can be mechanically aligned at the time of harvesting, which makes the seedlings grow evenly and, as a result, the fruit harvest period and the quality of the harvested fruits. be able to.

[0045]

As described above, according to the present invention,
The following effects are obtained. a. After the axillary buds collected from the seedlings are air-dried, they are held in a cutting or a culture solution and grown, so that the survival rate of the seedlings by the axillary buds can be increased. b. Since the seedlings are grown by cutting from axillary buds, the growth state of the seedlings can be adjusted mechanically, the harvesting time of fruits can be aligned, and the fruits to be harvested can be made uniform.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing a first embodiment of a tomato cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing cultivation of seedlings in the first embodiment of the method for cultivating tomatoes of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing seedlings for collecting axillary buds.

FIG. 4 is a view showing the collected axillary buds.

FIG. 5 is a view showing air-dried axillary buds.

FIG. 6 is a view showing axillary buds cut into a medium.

FIG. 7 is a view showing a rooting state from an axillary bud stem.

FIG. 8 is a diagram showing transplantation of seedlings.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a planted state of planted seedlings.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a growing state of tomatoes that have been harvested.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing cultivation from cutting to fruit harvesting.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a second embodiment of the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a cultivation form using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram showing another cultivation system using the tomato cultivation method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 31 Axillary bud (second seedling) 40 Medium 200 Seedling (first seedling) 310 Stem 312 Cut surface 314 Film

(72) Inventor Masaaki Konagai 201 Nishi-Kashiwabara Nitta, Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture Takagi Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takahide Yamaguchi 201 Nishi-Kashiwabara Nitta, Fuji City, Shizuoka Prefecture Takagi Industry Co., Ltd.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A method of separating axillary buds having flower buds from the grown seedlings, forming a film of sap on the cut surface of the stems of the axillary buds, and then cutting the axillary buds into a medium to grow seedlings. How to grow tomatoes. 2. Axillary buds having flower buds are cut off from the grown seedlings, a film of sap is formed on the cut surface of the stems of the axillary buds, and the cut surface side of the stems of the axillary buds is held in a culture solution. A method for cultivating tomato, which comprises rooting and growing seedlings. 3. Axillary buds having flower buds are cut off from the first seedlings grown by sowing or cutting, and a film of sap is formed on the cut surface of the stems of the axillary buds. A method of cultivating tomato, characterized in that a stem is held therein to grow a second seedling, and fruits are harvested from the second seedling and the first seedling. 4. The method for cultivating tomato according to claim 1, wherein the film is formed by air-drying the sap of the axillary buds by air-drying the axillary buds. 5. The method of cultivating tomato according to claim 1, wherein the stem of the axillary bud is rooted by cutting into the medium.