JP3316080B2 - Plant cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to cucurbits, solanaceae and roses.
Of cultivation of plants for harvesting fruits
About the law.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, greenhouse cultivation of fruits and vegetables (vegetables such as eggplants, tomatoes, cucumbers, and makuwauri) whose fruits are edible and fruit trees have been actively performed. In such greenhouse cultivation, a method of planting seedlings in the soil is performed similarly to the open-field cultivation. On the other hand, a cultivation method using a cultivation bed (cultivation bed) filled with a medium such as rock wool in a cultivation container is also used. Has been adopted. When cultivating fruits and vegetables by a method using a cultivation bed, seedlings are planted in a cultivation bed set on the ground, and the seedlings are grown upward, and fruiting in multiple stages of inflorescences in order to obtain as high a yield as possible. After the harvest. For example, for tomatoes, usually 5,
It is common practice to produce and harvest up to six-stage flower clusters.

[0003] In the cultivation of this tomato up to the fifth or sixth stage flower cluster, two crops are generally used per year. In other words, one cycle from the planting of this field to the end of the harvest is one cycle. After the first crop, a fixed rest period (one week to one month) is provided for clearing remaining trees and disinfecting the cultivation bed. to go into. Even if this rest period is shortened as much as possible, the seedlings of the next crop are planted at the same time as the end of the previous crop, and cultivation is carried out to the highest possible level. In addition, since the fruit harvesting period is usually before or after the flowering period of the five-stage fruit cluster, there is a loss period in which fruit cannot be harvested after planting until the first fruit can be harvested.

[0004]

Therefore, in such a cultivation method, the loss period from the permanent planting of this field to the start of harvest is long, and the harvest period is limited. Was desired.

[0005] To meet this need, there is a long-stage cultivation method in which there is a loss period at first, but continuous cultivation and growth to 30 or more flower clusters. However, in the long-stage cultivation method, since foliage growth and flowering, fruiting, and hypertrophy proceed simultaneously, it is necessary to manage fertilization while maintaining a balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Such fertilization management is extremely difficult, and the success or failure depends largely on the technical skills unique to the producer. Therefore, such a long-stage cultivation method is too labor-intensive,
It is not suitable for automation of fertilizer management or large-scale cultivation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and enables stable and continuous shipment for a long period of time, easy fertilization management, and automation of cultivation work.
An object is to provide a plant cultivation method suitable for labor saving and large-scale cultivation.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, a plant cultivation method according to the present invention is directed to a plant cultivation method in which a plurality of plants are grown in at least one row in the longitudinal direction of a cultivation bed. Using a cultivation device that can support the cultivation bed, cultivation beds are arranged on each stage of the cultivation device and plants are cultivated until a predetermined growth process. It is characterized in that the bed is removed and a new cultivation bed is replenished and arranged at the top of the empty space.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The plant cultivation method of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings.

In the plant cultivation method of this embodiment, first, FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, an upper supporting portion 14a which is made of a plate material and is held at an appropriate height from a foundation surface such as the ground or a floor surface, and is provided not obliquely below the upper supporting portion 14a but diagonally on both sides.
A plant cultivation apparatus 14 having lower support portions 14b and 14c made of two plate materials is prepared. The height difference between the upper supporting portion 14a and the lower supporting portions 14b, 14c is determined by the type of the plant to be cultivated and the like, but the lower supporting portion 14b, 1
The plants growing on the cultivation bed placed on the upper support 4a ensure that the supply of light to the plants growing on the cultivation bed placed on the upper supporting portion 14a is not hindered.

In this embodiment, the upper supporting portion 14a has such a width that the two cultivation beds 10 and 11 can be juxtaposed, and the two lower supporting portions 14b and 14 obliquely downward on both sides thereof.
Although c is provided, a structure in which the width of the upper supporting portion 14a is about one cultivation bed and only one of the lower supporting portions is provided may be employed. Further, the material is not limited to a plate material, and may be a material in which pipe materials are assembled vertically and horizontally. Further, a base surface such as a ground surface or a floor surface may be used as the lower supporting portions 14b and 14c. Further, any number of stages having cultivation bed supports having different heights may be used, and the number is not limited to two. In addition, although the lower supporting portions 14b and 14c are arranged diagonally below the upper supporting portion 14a, depending on the type of the plant to be cultivated, the quality of the fruit and the like can be reduced even if the light conditions after a predetermined growth stage are considerably reduced. If it does not affect
You may use the cultivation apparatus which arranges a lower support part just under the upper support part 14a.

Next, the first and second two cultivation beds 1
0 and 11 are prepared. The cultivation beds 10 and 11 are well-known, for example, suitable cultivation containers 10a and 11 such as wooden or plastic boxes and plastic sheets.
The medium 10b, 11b such as soil, a soil substitute such as rock wool, or water in which nutrients are dissolved is put in a. And these two cultivation beds 10, 1
1 is an upper supporting portion 1 of the cultivation apparatus 14 described above such that the longitudinal walls of the cultivation containers 10a and 11a are substantially parallel to each other.
4a are installed in parallel on each other (see FIG. 1).

The planting of the tomato seedlings 15, 16 is carried out at a predetermined time, for example, after the first flower cluster has bloomed, and after a predetermined interval in the medium previously filled in the cultivation beds 10, 11. However, in this example, the block-type mediums 10b and 11b are used. First, after growing from the seeding to the stage of emergence of the first leaf of the true leaf, the cells are grown on the seeding bed and then transplanted to the block-type mediums 10b and 11b. In the early stage of flower bud differentiation, that is, when 2 to 4 true leaves have developed (in the case of cuttings and grafts, 2 to 4 new leaves have been developed except for the originally attached leaves) Around), the medium 10b, 1
The seedlings grown in 1b are transplanted into cultivation vessels 10a, 11a placed at appropriate places other than the cultivation apparatus 14, and further raised in the cultivation vessels 10a, 11a until the flowering period of the first flower cluster. The containers 10a and 11a are
By placing it on a, it is set as a regular planting in the main field. Most of the seedlings that grew on the seeding bed were placed in block-type mediums 10b and 11
After transplanting to b, the seedlings may be grown as they are until the flowering stage and transplanted to the cultivation containers 10a and 11a on the upper support portion 14a to settle the planting in the main field.

The seedlings 15 and 16 planted in the first and second cultivation beds 10 and 11 are supplied with the upper supporting portion 14 at the earliest in the fruiting stage and at the latest until the harvest start stage, preferably until the pinching stage.
Grow in a. Cultivation conditions such as light receiving conditions and fertilizer management during the growth process in the upper supporting portion 14a are appropriately managed to influence quality and yield. Then, in the tomato, the two leaves on the third inflorescence are pinched during the growth period in the upper supporting portion 14a. In the cultivation example of the present embodiment, the pinching period is from the time when the buds emerge in the third flower cluster to the time when the third flower cluster is fruited.

Next, the first and second cultivation beds 10, 1
1 are moved onto the lower supporting portions 14b and 14c, respectively (see FIG. 2). The moving time is preferably a substantially middle point of the present field period in the two-stage cultivation as in the present embodiment, that is, a substantially middle point of the entire period of cultivation by the cultivation apparatus 14 of the present embodiment. It fluctuates within the above range.
In the case of a tomato, it is more preferable that the tomato grows on the upper supporting portion 14a until the above-described pinching period and moves from the early stage of fruiting to the third inflorescence to before the start of harvesting the fruits in the first inflorescence. Then, the third and fourth other two cultivation beds 12, 13 are arranged on the vacant upper support portion 14a (see FIG. 3). The third and fourth cultivation beds 12,
In 13, the seedlings 17, 18 grown as described above are planted in the block-type media 12b, 13b.

[0015] The plants (seedlings 15, 16) of the first and second cultivation beds 10, 11 are moved to the lower supporting portions 14b, 14c, where they are grown until the harvest of the fruits is completed. In this case, the tomato plants (seedlings 15 and 16) enter the coloring phase after the movement, except that the fruit of the third flower cluster enlarges. Therefore, light is received as much as when they were cultivated on the upper supporting portion 14a. There is no need to strictly control cultivation conditions such as conditions and fertilizer management.

Therefore, there is no problem in the quality of the fruit even if the light receiving condition is lowered by being shaded by the upper supporting portion 14a and the plant body of the upper supporting portion 14a. It is also possible to supply the drainage of the culture solution used for cultivation. This is because in the pinching cultivation of the tomato up to the third inflorescence as in the present embodiment, the lower supporting portions 14b, 14
The growth stage on c is mainly reproductive growth, and since the fruit of the third inflorescence is in a coloration phase except for the enlargement of the fruit as described above, the fruit can be obtained without strict control of the composition of the culture solution. By not affecting the quality of the.

On the other hand, the culture medium 12 of the third and fourth cultivation beds 12 and 13 newly disposed on the upper supporting portion 14a
Seedlings 17 and 18 planted in b and 13b are grown upward until the above-described predetermined time. In this case, since the first and second cultivation beds 10 and 11 are placed on the lower supporting parts 14b and 14c, the third and fourth cultivation beds 11 and 16 on the upper supporting part 14a are formed by the plants (seedlings 15 and 16). The light supplied to the seedlings 17, 18 of the fourth cultivation beds 12, 13 is not blocked.

Thereafter, the first and second cultivation beds 1
Harvest fruits from 0,11 plants (seedlings 15, 16)
The cultivation beds 10 and 11 are discarded or the medium is removed to prepare for reuse. Next, the third and fourth cultivation beds 12 and 13 are respectively connected to the lower support portions 14.
b, 14c, and the other two cultivation beds are arranged on the upper supporting portion 14a, and the above steps are repeated.

The yield of the tomato cultivated in this manner increases in each stage. In the above-described example, cultivation up to three-stage flower clusters enabled cultivation for eight cycles per year. Compared with the conventional cultivation method (in the case of cultivating two cycles in one year in eight-stage flower clusters), the yield was about 1.5 times.

In the present embodiment, a cultivation method using a cultivation bed having two tiers of support portions as a cultivation device has been described, but a cultivation device having three upper, middle, and lower support portions may be used. In this case, the cultivation at the upper and lower support portions 14a, 14b, and 14c in the above-described embodiment is made to correspond to the cultivation at the middle and lower two-stage support portions in a three-stage cultivation apparatus. The seedlings are grown in the cultivation stage before the placement on the upper supporting portion 14a in the above-described embodiment, that is, at the earliest stage of flower bud differentiation and at the latest until the early fruiting stage. For example, after sowing, in the early stage of flower bud differentiation, that is, when about 2 to 4 true leaves have developed, the seedlings are transplanted into the block-type medium and transferred to the cultivation container at the same time, and the cultivation container is placed on the upper stage. It grows until the beginning of fruiting at the latest.
In addition, the time when the seedlings are transplanted to the block-type medium and the time when the block-type medium is transferred to the cultivation container are not set at the same time. The seedlings may be raised as they are, and may be transferred to the above-mentioned cultivation container when two to four true leaves have been developed. After that, it grows in the upper stage until the early fruiting stage at the latest, and then moves to the middle stage.

After moving to the middle stage, as in the above embodiment,
The cultivation is carried out at the middle stage until the early stage of fruiting and at the latest until the harvesting stage at the latest, preferably until the pinching period, then transferred to the lower stage, and cultivated at the lower stage until the end of harvesting.

In the above description, cultivation is started from sowing in any case, but it goes without saying that the cultivation may be started from cuttings or grafts.

Here, the present invention relates to the two-stage cultivation,
Cultivation of four or more tiers is also possible without being limited to tier cultivation, but the cultivation period or moving time in each tier can be determined as follows from the results of the two-tier cultivation and the three-tier cultivation. .

First, a total cultivation period (T1) and a harvest period (H) from sowing, cutting, or grafting to the end of harvesting are planned. T1 and H vary depending on the cultivation time due to the influence of temperature, sunshine time, etc., but an approximate period is set based on past cultivation experience. And the number of stages (N) of the cultivation device is
H × N ≦ T1 is set as an integer that satisfies the condition, and the cultivation period at each stage is set to the planned harvest period (H) and the same period. Thereby, the cultivation period in each stage corresponding to the number of stages (N) is determined. The moving time is after the end of the cultivation period in each stage. The seedling raising period (P) from seeding, cutting or grafting to moving to the uppermost stage of the cultivation apparatus is P = T1 -H
× N. In the case of P = 0, cultivation is performed at the uppermost stage of the cultivation apparatus from the stage of sowing, cutting, or grafting.

The above is a case in which T1 and H are set first, and the number is determined first. The cultivation period (T2) from the top stage to the bottom stage on the cultivation apparatus (T2) is first planned. When setting, the cultivation period (G) in each stage is G = T
2 / N.

Although the above-described embodiment describes an example in which tomato is cultivated, it is of course possible to apply the invention to plants other than tomato. Needless to say, the timing of movement from each stage to the next stage in this case varies within the range described above.

[0027]

When the plant cultivation method of the present invention is applied, the loss period during which fruit cannot be harvested is reduced as compared with the conventional method, the harvest is continuous, and the yield is increased. In particular, since the harvest is not concentrated at one time, the work labor is dispersed, and as a result, the work efficiency is improved. Moreover, there is no problem in terms of quality because the light conditions in the growth stage from the early stage of cultivation to the first half are good. In addition, since the cultivation is carried out in a plurality of supporting portions, fertilization management suitable for the growth stage of each plant can be performed. In particular, it is only necessary to strictly manage fertilization during the first half of the growth period in which vegetative growth is performed, and since fertilization management while maintaining a balance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth like long-stage cultivation is unnecessary, overall If it sees, fertilization management will become easy. Further, since work items in each stage are determined, work is easy and rational. In addition, in the latter half of the growth phase, in which reproductive growth is mainly performed, the quality is not affected by using the drainage of the culture solution supplied in the first half of the growth phase, in which vegetative growth is mainly performed. This is advantageous in terms of wastewater treatment costs.

From these facts, it can be said that the plant cultivation method and the cultivation apparatus used in the plant cultivation method of the present invention are suitable for automation and labor saving of cultivation work and large-scale cultivation.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which seedlings are planted on two cultivation beds arranged in an upper supporting portion in one embodiment of a plant cultivation method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which two cultivation beds placed on an upper support are moved to a lower support in the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a state in which another two cultivation beds are newly disposed on the vacant upper support portion in the embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 1st cultivation bed 11 2nd cultivation bed 12 3rd cultivation bed 13 4th cultivation bed 14 Plant cultivation apparatus 14a Upper support part 14b Lower support part 14c Lower support part 15 seedling 16 seedling 17 seedling 18 seedling

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁷ , DB name) A01G 9/00 A01G 1/00 A01G 9/02

Claims (9)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plant cultivation method in which a plurality of cultivation beds are grown in at least one row in the longitudinal direction of the cultivation bed, wherein the cultivation bed is supported by using a cultivation device capable of supporting the cultivation bed at at least two positions of an upper stage and a lower stage. After cultivating the plant until the predetermined growth process by arranging it on each stage of the cultivation device, the cultivation bed is sequentially moved to the lower stage, and the lowermost cultivation bed is removed, and a new cultivation bed is placed on the uppermost vacant space. A plant cultivation method characterized by repeating replenishing and disposing. 2. Based on the planned total cultivation period (T1) from sowing, cutting, or grafting to the end of harvesting and the planned harvesting period (H), the number of stages (N) of the cultivation apparatus is H ×
An integer (N) that satisfies the equation of N ≦ T1 and the cultivation period at each stage is set to the same period as the planned harvest period (H), and is moved from the seeding, cutting, or grafting to the top stage of the cultivation apparatus. The seedling raising period (P) until seedling is defined as P = T1-H x N
The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the period (P) satisfies the formula (P). 3. The number of stages (N) of the cultivation device and the cultivation period (T2) from the uppermost stage to the lowermost stage on the cultivation device are appropriately set, and the cultivation period (G) at each stage is defined as G = T2. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation period (G) satisfies the formula of / N. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation apparatus is a two-stage cultivation apparatus, wherein the plant is cultivated in the upper stage at the earliest to the beginning of fruiting and at the latest until the harvesting stage, and then transferred to the lower stage. 3. The method for cultivating a plant according to any one of 3. 5. The plant cultivation method according to claim 4, wherein the plant is cultivated in the upper stage until the pinching stage, transferred to the lower stage, and thereafter cultivated in the lower stage until the harvest is completed. 6. A three-stage cultivation apparatus, wherein the plant is cultivated in the upper stage until the early stage of flower bud differentiation at the latest until the beginning of fruiting and transferred to the middle stage, and the plant is harvested at the earliest stage until the early stage of fruiting. The plant cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cultivation is performed in the middle stage until the harvest is completed, and then cultivated in the lower stage until the harvest is completed. 7. The method of cultivating a plant in the upper stage from the early stage of flower bud differentiation to the early stage of fruiting at the latest and transferring it to the middle stage, cultivating the plant in the middle stage until the pinching period and transferring the plant to the lower stage, and thereafter cultivating the plant in the lower stage until the harvest is completed. Item 6. The plant cultivation method according to Item 6. 8. The plant cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a plant grown by a cultivation method or a branching method in which flowering and fruiting are sequentially performed at three or less different sites. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plant is a tomato.